scholarly journals Recent Advances of In Vitro Embryogenesis of Monocotyledon and Dicotyledon

Embryogenesis ◽  
10.5772/35374 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Yan-Lin ◽  
Hong Soon-Kw
Keyword(s):  
Recent Advances ◽  
In Vitro Embryogenesis

scholarly journals Selective Targeting of Epigenetic Readers and Histone Deacetylases in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ghiboub ◽  
Ahmed M. I. Elfiky ◽  
Menno P. J. de Winther ◽  
Nicola R. Harker ◽  
David F. Tough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Selective Inhibition ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Autoimmune And Inflammatory Diseases

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and bromodomain-containing proteins (BCPs) play a key role in chromatin remodeling. Based on their ability to regulate inducible gene expression in the context of inflammation and cancer, HDACs and BCPs have been the focus of drug discovery efforts, and numerous small-molecule inhibitors have been developed. However, dose-limiting toxicities of the first generation of inhibitors, which typically target multiple HDACs or BCPs, have limited translation to the clinic. Over the last decade, an increasing effort has been dedicated to designing class-, isoform-, or domain-specific HDAC or BCP inhibitors, as well as developing strategies for cell-specific targeted drug delivery. Selective inhibition of the epigenetic modulators is helping to elucidate the functions of individual epigenetic proteins and has the potential to yield better and safer therapeutic strategies. In accordance with this idea, several in vitro and in vivo studies have reported the ability of more selective HDAC/BCP inhibitors to recapitulate the beneficial effects of pan-inhibitors with less unwanted adverse events. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances with these strategies, discussing advantages and limitations of these approaches as well as some therapeutic perspectives, focusing on autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Molecular biology of potexviruses: recent advances

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 1643-1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanmarie Verchot-Lubicz ◽  
Chang-Ming Ye ◽  
Devinka Bamunusinghe
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Triple Gene Block ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Virus Movement ◽  
Suppressor Activity ◽  
Gene Block ◽  
Recent Advances

Recent advances in potexvirus research have produced new models describing virus replication, cell-to-cell movement, encapsidation, R gene-mediated resistance and gene silencing. Interactions between distant RNA elements are a central theme in potexvirus replication. The 5′ non-translated region (NTR) regulates genomic and subgenomic RNA synthesis and encapsidation, as well as virus plasmodesmal transport. The 3′ NTR regulates both plus- and minus-strand RNA synthesis. How the triple gene-block proteins interact for virus movement is still elusive. As the potato virus X (PVX) TGBp1 protein gates plasmodesmata, regulates virus translation and is a suppressor of RNA silencing, further research is needed to determine how these properties contribute to propelling virus through the plasmodesmata. Specifically, TGBp1 suppressor activity is required for virus movement, but how the silencing machinery relates to plasmodesmata is not known. The TGBp2 and TGBp3 proteins are endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated proteins required for virus movement. TGBp2 associates with ER-derived vesicles that traffic along the actin network. Future research will determine whether the virus-induced vesicles are cytopathic structures regulating events along the ER or are vehicles carrying virus to the plasmodesmata for transfer into neighbouring cells. Efforts to assemble virions in vitro identified a single-tailed particle (STP) comprising RNA, coat protein (CP) and TGBp1. It has been proposed that TGBp1 aids in transport of virions or STP between cells and ensures translation of RNA in the receiving cells. PVX is also a tool for studying Avr–R gene interactions and gene silencing in plants. The PVX CP is the elicitor for the Rx gene. Recent reports of the PVX CP reveal how CP interacts with the Rx gene product.

scholarly journals MICROPROPAGATION OF PHALAENOPSIS SPP. BY SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS TECHNIQUE

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1185-1191
Author(s):  
Minh Van Tran
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Embryonic Cell ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Callus Initiation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
In Vitro Embryogenesis

Phalaenopsis spp. was regularly produced through micropropagation by protocorm like bodies (PLBs); micropropagation takes a lot of labor, and has high cost of seedlings, energy and material. The purpose of this paper was to study the new technique of using in vitro embryogenesis culturing for microprogation. The method involved using protocorm like bodies as planting materials. PLBs were cut into slices and placed on the medium for callus initiation. The callus was initiated on the medium MS + BA (0.1 mg/l) supplemented with NAA (1 mg/l) or 2,4D (1 mg/l) and was proliferated on the medium MS + BA (0.1 mg/l) supplemented with NAA (1 mg/l). Somatic cell suspensions were initiated and proliferated on the medium MS + BA (0.1 mg/l) supplemented with NAA (0.5, 1 mg/l). Somatic cell suspensions were differentiated to embryonic cell suspensions on the MS medium supplemented with NAA (0.1 mg/l) + BA (0.5 mg/l). Embryonic cell suspensions were plated and regenerated on the medium: 1/2MS supplemented with NAA (0.1 mg/l) + BA (0.5 mg/l). Micropropagation of Phalaenopsis sp. via the embryogenesis technique was set up to produce 5,800 plantlets per one liter of somatic embryogenesis suspension.

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