Transient marker-gene expression during zygotic in-vitro embryogenesis of Brassica juncea (Indian mustard) following particle bombardment

Planta ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 198 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt Kost ◽  
Nathalie Leduc ◽  
Christof Sautter ◽  
Ingo Potrykus ◽  
Gunther Neuhaus
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Particle Bombardment ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Marker Gene Expression ◽  
In Vitro Embryogenesis

Delivery of Alkaline Phosphatase Promotes Periodontal Regeneration in Mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110056
Author(s):  
A. Nagasaki ◽  
K. Nagasaki ◽  
B.D. Kear ◽  
W.D. Tadesse ◽  
V. Thumbigere-Math ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Local Delivery ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Marker Gene Expression

Factors regulating the ratio of pyrophosphate (PPi) to phosphate (Pi) modulate biomineralization. Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is a key promineralization enzyme that hydrolyzes the potent mineralization inhibitor PPi. The goal of this study was to determine whether TNAP could promote periodontal regeneration in bone sialoprotein knockout mice ( Ibsp−/− mice), which are known to have a periodontal disease phenotype. Delivery of TNAP was accomplished either systemically (through a lentiviral construct expressing a mineral-targeted TNAP-D10 protein) or locally (through addition of recombinant human TNAP to a fenestration defect model). Systemic TNAP-D10 delivered by intramuscular injection at 5 d postnatal (dpn) increased circulating alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in Ibsp−/− mice by 5-fold at 30 dpn, with levels returning to normal by 60 dpn when tissues were evaluated by micro–computed tomography and histology. Local delivery of recombinant human TNAP to fenestration defects in 5-wk-old wild type (WT) and Ibsp−/− mice did not alter long-term circulating ALP levels, and tissues were evaluated by micro–computed tomography and histology at postoperative day 45. Systemic and local delivery of TNAP significantly increased alveolar bone volume (20% and 37%, respectively) and cementum thickness (3- and 42-fold) in Ibsp−/− mice, with evidence for periodontal ligament attachment and bone/cementum marker localization. Local delivery significantly increased regenerated cementum and bone in WT mice. Addition of 100-μg/mL bovine intestinal ALP to culture media to increase ALP in vitro increased media Pi concentration, mineralization, and Spp1 and Dmp1 marker gene expression in WT and Ibsp−/− OCCM.30 cementoblasts. Use of phosphonoformic acid, a nonspecific inhibitor of sodium Pi cotransport, indicated that effects of bovine intestinal ALP on mineralization and marker gene expression were in part through Pi transport. These findings show for the first time through multiple in vivo and in vitro approaches that pharmacologic modulation of Pi/PPi metabolism can overcome periodontal breakdown and accomplish regeneration.

scholarly journals Sp1-dependent activation of KLF4 is required for PDGF-BB-induced phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (4) ◽  
pp. H1027-H1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Deaton ◽  
Qiong Gan ◽  
Gary K. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vascular Injury ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Phenotypic Modulation ◽  
Marker Gene Expression

There is clear evidence that the phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) contributes to the pathophysiology of vascular disease. Phenotypic modulation refers to the unique ability of SMCs to alter their phenotype in response to extracellular stimuli and is hallmarked by the loss of SMC marker gene expression. The transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a known powerful negative regulator of SMC marker gene expression that works, in part, by decreasing the expression of the serum response factor (SRF) myocardin. KLF4 is not expressed in healthy adult SMCs but is increased in SMCs in response to vascular injury in vivo or PDGF-BB treatment in vitro. The aim of the present study was to determine the molecular mechanisms that regulate the expression of KLF4 in phenotypically modulated SMCs. The results demonstrated that the transcription factor stimulating protein-1 (Sp1) regulated the expression of KLF4 in SMCs. The KLF4 promoter contains three consensus Sp1 binding sites. Using a series of truncated KLF4 promoters, we showed that only fragments containing these Sp1 sites could be activated by PDGF-BB. In addition, overexpression of Sp1 alone was sufficient to increase the activity of the KLF4 promoter. Moreover, inhibiting Sp1 expression with small-interfering RNA attenuated the effects of PDGF-BB on KLF4 expression. Mutation of the three Sp1 sites within the KLF4 promoter abolished both baseline and PDGF-BB-induced activity. Finally, the results demonstrated enhanced Sp1 binding to the KLF4 promoter in SMCs treated with PDGF-BB in vitro and following vascular injury in vivo. Taken together, the results suggest a novel role for Sp1 in increasing the expression of KLF4 in phenotypically modulated SMCs.

High glucose-associated osmolality promotes adipocytogenic differentiation of primary rat osteoblasts in a protein kinase A and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent manner

Biologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Pu Feng ◽  
Jianhong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Protein Kinase A ◽  
Real Time ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase ◽  
Marker Gene Expression ◽  
Kinase A

AbstractIncreased risk of osteoporosis in patients with diabetes mellitus may be related to hyperglycemia. However, the potential mechanisms accounting for diabetic bone disorder remain unresolved. The present study investigated the effects of high glucose-associated osmolality on differentiation of primary rat calvarial osteoblasts. Osteoblastogenic differentiation was determined by bone nodule staining for mineralization assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for type I collagen production and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for osteoblastogenic marker gene expression. Adipocytogenic differentiation was assessed by oil red O staining for lipid accumulation and real-time PCR for adipocytogenic marker gene expression. The phosphorylations of protein kinase A (PKA) and Akt were measured with or without specific inhibitors to confirm osmolality involved signalling pathways. The results showed that high glucose-associated osmolality significantly promoted adipocytogenic differentiation, manifested by increased lipid droplet formation and gene expression of adipocytogenic markers including adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2), adipsin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Meanwhile, high glucose-associated osmolality inhibited osteoblastogenic differentiation, characterized by decreased collagen I protein production and cell mineralization, as well as gene expression of osteoblastogenic markers including collagen I, osteocalcin and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). More importantly, we demonstrated for the first time that high glucose-associated osmolality induced adipocytogenic differentiation and suppressed osteoblastogenic differentiation in a PKA and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt-dependent manner. These results indicated that osmolality was involved in high glucose-induced osteoblast trans-differentiation into adipocyte-like cell and suppression of cellular osmolality could provide novel therapeutic approach for diabetic osteopenia.

scholarly journals Asymmetric Interaction between Aphis spiraecola and Toxoptera citricida on Sweet Orange Induced by Pre-Infestation

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Jing Gao ◽  
Steve Arthurs ◽  
Runqian Mao
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Phloem Sap ◽  
Adult Weight ◽  
Marker Gene Expression ◽  
Aphis Spiraecola ◽  
Toxoptera Citricida

Indirect interactions between herbivorous insects that share the same host have been focused on insects feeding on herbaceous plants, while few studies investigate similar interactions on woody plants. We investigated performance and feeding behavior of two citrus aphids, Aphis spiraecola Patch and Toxoptera citricida Kirkaldy, on sweet orange as affected by prior infestation of conspecifics and heterospecifics. Results showed that pre-infestation-induced interactions between A. spiraecola and T. citricida were asymmetric, with A. spiraecola gaining more fitness. In detail, pre-infestation by A. spiraecola decreased adult weight, enhanced survival rate and accelerated phloem sap acceptance of conspecifics. However, A. spiraecola pre-infestation did not affect performance or feeding behavior of T. citricida. In another infestation sequence, the pre-infestation of T. citricida did not affect conspecifics, but positively affected heterospecifics, indicated as a decreased pre-reproductive period, enhanced survival rate, adult weight, fecundity, and feeding efficiency, i.e., faster access and acceptance of phloem sap, and longer phloem sap ingestion duration. Furthermore, we found A. spiraecola pre-infestation enhanced amino acid concentration, amino acid to sugar ratio, activated salicylic acid and jasmonic acid marker gene expression, while T. citricida pre-infestation only depressed jasmonic acid marker gene expression. Changes in nutrient and phytohormone-dependent defense probably underlie the asymmetric effect.

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