scholarly journals Heat and SO2 Emission Rates at Active Volcanoes - The Case Study of Masaya, Nicaragua

10.5772/35327 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letizia Spampinato ◽  
Giuseppe Salerno
Keyword(s):  
Emission Rates ◽  
So2 Emission ◽  
Active Volcanoes

scholarly journals Sulfur dioxide emissions from Papandayan and Bromo, two Indonesian volcanoes

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1895-1912
Author(s):  
P. Bani ◽  
M. Hendrasto ◽  
H. Gunawan ◽  
S. Primulyana ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Fumarolic Activity ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
So2 Emission ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
So2 Flux ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
Active Volcanoes

Abstract. Indonesia hosts 79 active volcanoes, representing 14% of all active volcanoes worldwide. However, little is known about their passive degassing into the atmosphere due to isolation and access difficulties. Existing SO2 emission budgets for the Indonesian archipelago are based on extrapolations and inferences as there is a considerable lack of field assessments of degassing. Here, we present the first SO2 flux measurements using DOAS for Papandayan and Bromo, two of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia. Results indicate mean SO2 emission rates of 1.4 t d−1 from the fumarolic activity of Papandayan and more than 22–32 t d−1 of SO2 released by Bromo during a declining eruptive phase.

scholarly journals Sulfur dioxide emissions from Papandayan and Bromo, two Indonesian volcanoes

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2399-2407 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bani ◽  
M. Hendrasto ◽  
H. Gunawan ◽  
S. Primulyana ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Fumarolic Activity ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Volcanic Emissions ◽  
So2 Emission ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
So2 Flux ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
Active Volcanoes

Abstract. Indonesia hosts 79 active volcanoes, representing 14% of all active volcanoes worldwide. However, little is known about their SO2 contribution into the atmosphere, due to isolation and access difficulties. Existing SO2 emission budgets for the Indonesian archipelago are based on extrapolations and inferences as there is a considerable lack of field assessments of degassing. Here, we present the first SO2 flux measurements using differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) for Papandayan and Bromo, two of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia. Results indicate mean SO2 emission rates of 1.4 t d−1 from the fumarolic activity of Papandayan and more than 22–32 t d−1 of SO2 released by Bromo during a declining eruptive phase. These DOAS results are very encouraging and pave the way for a better evaluation of Indonesian volcanic emissions.

scholarly journals Estimating the volcanic emission rate and atmospheric lifetime of SO<sub>2</sub> from space: a case study for Kīlauea volcano, Hawai`i

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 8309-8322 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Beirle ◽  
C. Hörmann ◽  
M. Penning de Vries ◽  
S. Dörner ◽  
C. Kern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kilauea Volcano ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Wind Fields ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
So2 Emission ◽  
Trade Winds ◽  
Atmospheric Lifetime ◽  
Kīlauea Volcano ◽  
Low Cloud

Abstract. We present an analysis of SO2 column densities derived from GOME-2 satellite measurements for the Kīlauea volcano (Hawai`i) for 2007–2012. During a period of enhanced degassing activity in March–November 2008, monthly mean SO2 emission rates and effective SO2 lifetimes are determined simultaneously from the observed downwind plume evolution and meteorological wind fields, without further model input. Kīlauea is particularly suited for quantitative investigations from satellite observations owing to the absence of interfering sources, the clearly defined downwind plumes caused by steady trade winds, and generally low cloud fractions. For March–November 2008, the effective SO2 lifetime is 1–2 days, and Kīlauea SO2 emission rates are 9–21 kt day−1, which is about 3 times higher than initially reported from ground-based monitoring systems.

scholarly journals Estimating the volcanic emission rate and atmospheric lifetime of SO<sub>2</sub> from space: a case study for Kīlauea volcano, Hawai'i

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 28695-28727 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Beirle ◽  
C. Hörmann ◽  
M. Penning de Vries ◽  
S. Dörner ◽  
C. Kern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kilauea Volcano ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Wind Fields ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
So2 Emission ◽  
Trade Winds ◽  
Atmospheric Lifetime ◽  
Kīlauea Volcano ◽  
Low Cloud

Abstract. We present an analysis of SO2 column densities derived from GOME-2 satellite measurements for the Kīlauea volcano (Hawai'i) for 2007–2012. During a period of enhanced degassing activity in March–November 2008, monthly mean SO2 emission rates and effective SO2 lifetimes are determined simultaneously from the observed downwind plume evolution and ECMWF wind fields, without further model input. Kīlauea is particularly suited for quantitative investigations from satellite observations owing to the absence of interfering sources, the clearly defined downwind plumes caused by steady trade winds, and generally low cloud fractions. For March–November 2008, the effective SO2 lifetime is 1–2 days, and Kīlauea SO2 emission rates are 9–21 kt day−1, which is about 3 times higher than initially reported from ground-based monitoring systems.

scholarly journals Operational and Safety Management at Intersections: Can the Turbo-Roundabout Be an Effective Alternative to Conventional Solutions?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5103
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Gallelli ◽  
Giusi Perri ◽  
Rosolino Vaiana
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Policy ◽  
Union Policy

The European Union policy strategies on the sustainability of the transport system pursue the goals of maximizing safety and environmental benefits and reducing the severity and frequency of crashes, congestion, and pollutant emission rates. A common issue is the planning of the most effective solution for operational and safety management at intersections. In this study, an egg turbo roundabout is proposed as the alternative solution to a conventional roundabout in Southern Italy which suffers from traffic congestion. A comparative analysis is carried out using microsimulation techniques to investigate the safety effects and operational improvements of converting a traditional priority intersection into standard roundabout or turbo roundabout layout. In particular, the VISSIM software is used to explore the most relevant operational performance measures: queue length, travel times and delays. The lowest values of these measurements are recorded for the simulated turbo roundabout, thus making this scheme more appropriate in terms of operational performances. With regard to safety analysis, the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM) is used to collect information on the predicted number of conflicts, the probability, and severity of the potential collisions. The results suggest that, for the specific case study, the safety levels of the standard roundabout and the turbo roundabout are approximately comparable.

scholarly journals The PiSpec: A Low-Cost, 3D-Printed Spectrometer for Measuring Volcanic SO2 Emission Rates

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Charles Wilkes ◽  
Tom David Pering ◽  
Andrew John Samuel McGonigle ◽  
Jon Raffe Willmott ◽  
Robert Bryant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
So2 Emission ◽  
3D Printed

scholarly journals A Case Study: The Effect of Flooring Renovation with Adsorptive Cloth on the Residual Emissions of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and C9-C10 Alcohols

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 23009
Author(s):  
Miia J. Pitkäranta ◽  
Timo Lehtimaa
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Determination Limit ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Surface Emission ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Storey Building ◽  
Air Concentrations

This paper presents a renovation case study of a multi-storey building with initially elevated indoor air concentrations of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and C9-C10 alcohols originating from PVC flooring. The main aim of the study was to determine the effectivity of renovation that included the use of a novel renovation material, cTrap adsorption cloth, in reducing the surface emissions and indoor air concentrations of the named compounds. Indoor air concentrations and surface emission rates of volatile organic compounds (VOC) were measured in the case building before and after renovation according to ISO16000-6 and NT Build 484 standards. The results show that the measured indoor air concentrations of the alcohols decreased to ca. 1/10 of the original concentration, and the surface emission rates dropped below the determination limit after the renovation.

SO2 Emission from Active Volcanoes Measured Simultaneously by COSPEC and mini-DOAS

2008 ◽  
pp. 115-133
Author(s):  
José Barrancos ◽  
José I. Roselló ◽  
David Calvo ◽  
Eleazar Padrón ◽  
Gladys Melián ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
So2 Emission ◽  
Active Volcanoes
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