scholarly journals Operational and Safety Management at Intersections: Can the Turbo-Roundabout Be an Effective Alternative to Conventional Solutions?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5103
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Gallelli ◽  
Giusi Perri ◽  
Rosolino Vaiana
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Policy ◽  
Union Policy

The European Union policy strategies on the sustainability of the transport system pursue the goals of maximizing safety and environmental benefits and reducing the severity and frequency of crashes, congestion, and pollutant emission rates. A common issue is the planning of the most effective solution for operational and safety management at intersections. In this study, an egg turbo roundabout is proposed as the alternative solution to a conventional roundabout in Southern Italy which suffers from traffic congestion. A comparative analysis is carried out using microsimulation techniques to investigate the safety effects and operational improvements of converting a traditional priority intersection into standard roundabout or turbo roundabout layout. In particular, the VISSIM software is used to explore the most relevant operational performance measures: queue length, travel times and delays. The lowest values of these measurements are recorded for the simulated turbo roundabout, thus making this scheme more appropriate in terms of operational performances. With regard to safety analysis, the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM) is used to collect information on the predicted number of conflicts, the probability, and severity of the potential collisions. The results suggest that, for the specific case study, the safety levels of the standard roundabout and the turbo roundabout are approximately comparable.

scholarly journals Polityka oparta na klastrach jako czynnik stymulujący innowacyjność gospodarki Unii Europejskiej

2012 ◽  
pp. 253-268
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wicher-Baluta
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Policy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Union Policy

Clusters in the European Union policies are significant tool in boosting competitiveness and innovation of enterprises and regions. One of the most important documents in the European Union policy on clusters has been issued in 2008. Therefore, we can observe the emergence of a new kind of policy – cluster based policy. The goal of this article is to show that policy oriented on the clusters is aimed at developing a strategy for rising the competitiveness of regions and enterprises. One can risk the thesis that the concept of clustering is the answer to the question about a new way of generating competitiveness which takes into account a wide range of factors. The issue of clusters is associated with occurrence of a number of benefits for both participants in the cluster and as well as the whole economy. The author identifies and defines them as a benefit at the micro and macro level.

scholarly journals Evolution of European Sanctions: From Individual Measures to Consolidated Policy

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
V. A. Silaeva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Military Force ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Policy ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Union Policy ◽  
High Level ◽  
Restrictive Measures

In modern world, as more and more states are reluctant to apply direct military force, the role of non-military instruments of coercion such as economic sanctions augments in international relations. In recent years economic sanctions have become firmly anchored in the system of European instruments of foreign policy. Although their implementation and monitoring still requires substantial improvements, progress and high level of consolidation can be witnessed on several recent examples. The article focuses on the evolution of the institutional basis and the mechanisms of coordination of the European Union policy in the sphere of restrictive measures, as well as detailed analysis of current tools of elaboration and implementation of various economic foreign instruments. Three stages can be distinguished in the evolution of European restrictive measures. Originally, there was no coordination as sanctions were introduced by nation states separately and individually. However, with the rise of economic interdependency of the allies there appeared new instruments for the exchange of information and opinions that have evolved into strictly binding mechanisms we can witness today. The example of Iranian sanctions shows what new schemes have been elaborated to increase the effectiveness of sanctions policy and how they have spread and developed, including to work out sanctions against Russia.

Integrating Price-Incentive and Trip-Selection Policies to Rebalance Shared Electric Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 148-173
Author(s):  
Zihao Jiao ◽  
Lun Ran ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Yuli Zhang ◽  
Robin G. Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Exact Algorithm ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Fleet Size ◽  
Integrated Strategy

Because electric vehicle sharing (EVS) offers the advantages of high flexibility and convenience, it has been receiving increasing attention worldwide as an effective approach to easing traffic congestion and environmental pollution. However, unbalanced electric vehicle distribution is an obstacle in the development of EVS. In this paper, we propose an integrated strategy to mitigate the imbalance issue and enhance customers’ adoption of EVS. We construct an integrated strategy that combines the price-incentive approach with the trip-selection policy and models uncertain travel demand in a continuous trip-adopting process based on our integrated strategy. Aiming to improve EVS operating profits, we apply spatiotemporal nonlinear mixed-integer programming to formulate the travel pricing and rebalancing plan. Additionally, we approximate the model in a tractable form after analyzing the optimal service adoption and develop an efficient exact algorithm to handle the nonlinear items. The computational results of a real-world car2go Amsterdam case study demonstrate several economic and environmental benefits generated by our integrated policy, including (i) higher profits for EVS operators, (ii) improved service satisfaction for consumers, and (iii) a higher level of carbon emissions reduction, from 381 grams per mile to 225 grams per mile, beneficial for the social environment. Moreover, according to the case study, an appropriate initial fleet size, high rebalancing frequency, low labor cost, high potential travel demands, and short charging time also benefit EVS operation.

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