scholarly journals Phase Diagrams in Chemical Engineering: Application to Distillation and Solvent Extraction

10.5772/33632 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Coquelet ◽  
Deresh Ramjugernath
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Engineering Application

Stabilization of a CSTR in an Oscillatory State by Varying the Thermal Characteristics of the Reactor Vessel

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis F Razon
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Limit Cycle ◽  
Bifurcation Analysis ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Reactor Vessel ◽  
First Order ◽  
Classic Problem ◽  
Oscillatory State

One of the most thoroughly studied systems in chemical engineering is the classic problem of a first-order exothermic reaction in a diabatic CSTR. In this paper, an extension of the classic problem, in which the reactor vessel temperature varies independently of its contents, is considered. A bifurcation analysis showed that a CSTR in an oscillatory state may be stabilized by the use of a reactor with the appropriate combination of thermal characteristics. Stabilization of an oscillatory state was demonstrated for a variety of scenarios that had been previously shown by Uppal, Ray and Poore to be representative cases of phase diagrams that exhibit limit-cycle behavior.

Development of Systems Engineering Model for Spent Fuel Extraction Process

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijian Sun ◽  
Haritha Royyuru ◽  
Hsuan-Tsung Hsieh ◽  
Yitung Chen ◽  
George Vandegrift ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Design Matrix ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Engineering Model ◽  
Test Bed

The mission of the Transmutation Research Program (TRP) at University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) is to establish a nuclear engineering test bed that can carry out effective transmutation and advanced reactor research and development effort. Chemical Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratories (ANL) is in charge the design, modeling, and demonstration of countercurrent solvent-extraction process for treating high-level liquid waste, such as U and Tc. The Nevada Center for Advanced Computational Methods (NCACM) at UNLV is developing a systems engineering model that provides process optimization through the automatic adjustment on input parameters, such as feed compositions, stages, flow rates, etc., based on the extraction efficiency of components and concerned output factors. An object-oriented programming (OOP) is considered. Previously designed Microsoft (MS) Excel macro-based program, Argonne Model for Universal Solvent Extraction (AMUSE) code, based on firm understanding of the chemistry and thermodynamics, is the core module for Uranium Extraction process (UREX). Currently AMUSE is the only available module. The Transmutation Research Program System Engineering Model Project (TRPSEMPro) consists of task manager, task integration and solution/monitor modules. A MS SQL server database is implemented for managing large data flow from optimization processing. Task manager coordinates and interacts with other two modules. Task integration module works as a flowsheet constructor that builds task hierarchy, input parameter values and constrains. Task solution/monitor component presents both final and in-progress outputs in tabular and graphical formats. The package also provides a multiple-run process that executes a design matrix without invoking the optimization module. Experimental reports can be generated through database query and formatting.

Development of Systems Engineering Model for UREX Process

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haritha Royyuru ◽  
Lijian Sun ◽  
Yitung Chen ◽  
Hsuan-Tsung Hsieh ◽  
Randy Clarksean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Engineering Model ◽  
Test Bed

The mission of the Transmutation Research Program (TRP) at University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) is to establish a national nuclear technology research capability, a nuclear engineering test bed that can carry out effective transmutation and advanced reactor research and development effort. The main task of the Chemical Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratories (ANL) is to design, model, and demonstrate countercurrent uranium solvent-extraction process. The division has developed MS Excel macros interface, called Argonne Model for Universal Solvent Extraction (AMUSE), to calculate flowsheets for treating high-level liquid waste. The AMUSE code forms all computational basis for flowsheet design and process development. The extraction process, including U, Tc, Pu/Np, Cs/Sr, and Am/Cm separations, is complicate and requires further system optimization for robust performance. A systems engineering model is proposed by the Nevada Center for Advanced Computational Methods (NCACM) at UNLV that provides process optimization through the adjustment on feed compositions, stages, number of sections and flow rates. The NCACM is designing and developing a MS Visual Basic graphical user interface (GUI) that provides multiple-run results and data reporting and presentation. All calculations are made by the interaction with the MS Excel macros, defined in ANL AMUSE codes. An optimization model, developed with the GUI, interconnects with MatLab’s optimization toolbox, commercial software from MathWorks. Due to the nature of the AMUSE code, all the computational results are generated from the existing AMUSE macros. The model also examines measure effects of process deviations, caused by operational upsets or product diversion.

scholarly journals Effective integration of computational tools into Chemical Engineering studies at an international level

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moises Garcia-Morales ◽  
Claudia Roman ◽  
Miguel Angel Delgado ◽  
Francisco Lemos ◽  
Maria Amelia Lemos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Engineering Studies ◽  
Efficient Learning

Current Higher Education students have grown up in a society characterized by the massive use of information technologies, which affects the way they expect to acquire new knowledge. In Chemical Engineering studies, in particular, traditional problem solving methods tend to bore students and, as a result, do not yield efficient learning. Fortunately, there exists a large list of software packages with specific Engineering application which, if properly used, may help create a better learning environment. Under the above premise, a project is being conducted, between 4 Higher Education institutions from 3 different countries (Spain, Portugal and Romania), on the effect that the integration of computational tools may exert on the students’ knowledge acquisition and predisposition to learn. We also aim to establish a comparative evaluation of the advantages and drawbacks of different computer software when facing typical Chemical Engineering problems. From our survey results and students’ comments we conclude that, in general, the new methodological approach engaged their interest more than the traditional one, and helped them gain knowledge on the working principles of simulations. Moreover, the use of computer software in the classroom is acknowledged by the great majority of the students as a key skill which may improve their employability prospects. 

Transmission electron microscope studies in special ceramics

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 268-269
Author(s):  
A. Zangvil ◽  
L.J. Gauckler ◽  
G. Schneider ◽  
M. Rühle
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Thin Foil ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Complex Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Lattice Resolution

The use of high temperature special ceramics which are usually complex materials based on oxides, nitrides, carbides and borides of silicon and aluminum, is critically dependent on their thermomechanical and other physical properties. The investigations of the phase diagrams, crystal structures and microstructural features are essential for better understanding of the macro-properties. Phase diagrams and crystal structures have been studied mainly by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has contributed to this field to a very limited extent; it has been used more extensively in the study of microstructure, phase transformations and lattice defects. Often only TEM can give solutions to numerous problems in the above fields, since the various phases exist in extremely fine grains and subgrain structures; single crystals of appreciable size are often not available. Examples with some of our experimental results from two multicomponent systems are presented here. The standard ion thinning technique was used for the preparation of thin foil samples, which were then investigated with JEOL 200A and Siemens ELMISKOP 102 (for the lattice resolution work) electron microscopes.

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