scholarly journals Optochemical Sensor Systems for In-Vivo Continuous Monitoring of Blood Gases in Adipose Tissue and in Vital Organs

10.5772/32177 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merima ajlakovi ◽  
Alessandro Bizzarri ◽  
Gijs H. ◽  
Igor Knez ◽  
Michael Suppan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Sensor Systems ◽  
Optochemical Sensor

Functional characterization of human brown adipose tissue metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (7) ◽  
pp. 1261-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Anne Richard ◽  
Hannah Pallubinsky ◽  
Denis P. Blondin
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
And Function

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has long been described according to its histological features as a multilocular, lipid-containing tissue, light brown in color, that is also responsive to the cold and found especially in hibernating mammals and human infants. Its presence in both hibernators and human infants, combined with its function as a heat-generating organ, raised many questions about its role in humans. Early characterizations of the tissue in humans focused on its progressive atrophy with age and its apparent importance for cold-exposed workers. However, the use of positron emission tomography (PET) with the glucose tracer [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) made it possible to begin characterizing the possible function of BAT in adult humans, and whether it could play a role in the prevention or treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review focuses on the in vivo functional characterization of human BAT, the methodological approaches applied to examine these features and addresses critical gaps that remain in moving the field forward. Specifically, we describe the anatomical and biomolecular features of human BAT, the modalities and applications of non-invasive tools such as PET and magnetic resonance imaging coupled with spectroscopy (MRI/MRS) to study BAT morphology and function in vivo, and finally describe the functional characteristics of human BAT that have only been possible through the development and application of such tools.

Estimation of the in vivo metabolic rate of adipose tissue in obese mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Keipert ◽  
J Wessels ◽  
M Klingenspor ◽  
J Rozman
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Obese Mice

321-LB: The Link between Obesity and Changes in Epigenetic Marks in Adipose Tissue—In Vivo Study

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 321-LB
Author(s):  
ANETA ALAMA ◽  
DOROTA PAWE?KA ◽  
ANETA MYSZCZYSZYN ◽  
MALGORZATA MALODOBRA-MAZUR
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Epigenetic Marks

scholarly journals Gpr1 is an active chemerin receptor influencing glucose homeostasis in obese mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 222 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian L Rourke ◽  
Shanmugam Muruganandan ◽  
Helen J Dranse ◽  
Nichole M McMullen ◽  
Christopher J Sinal
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Elevated Glucose ◽  
And Function ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Chemerin is an adipose-derived signaling protein (adipokine) that regulates adipocyte differentiation and function, immune function, metabolism, and glucose homeostasis through activation of chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1). A second chemerin receptor, G protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPR1) in mammals, binds chemerin with an affinity similar to CMKLR1; however, the function of GPR1 in mammals is essentially unknown. Herein, we report that expression of murineGpr1mRNA is high in brown adipose tissue and white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscle. In contrast to chemerin (Rarres2) andCmklr1,Gpr1expression predominates in the non-adipocyte stromal vascular fraction of WAT. Heterozygous and homozygousGpr1-knockout mice fed on a high-fat diet developed more severe glucose intolerance than WT mice despite having no difference in body weight, adiposity, or energy expenditure. Moreover, mice lackingGpr1exhibited reduced glucose-stimulated insulin levels and elevated glucose levels in a pyruvate tolerance test. This study is the first, to our knowledge, to report the effects ofGpr1deficiency on adiposity, energy balance, and glucose homeostasisin vivo. Moreover, these novel results demonstrate that GPR1 is an active chemerin receptor that contributes to the regulation of glucose homeostasis during obesity.

scholarly journals Long-Term Severe In Vitro Hypoxia Exposure Enhances the Vascularization Potential of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Cell Engineered Tissues

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7920
Author(s):  
Myroslava Mytsyk ◽  
Giulia Cerino ◽  
Gregory Reid ◽  
Laia Gili Sole ◽  
Friedrich S. Eckstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Bioreactor Culture ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Angiogenic Potential ◽  
Engineered Tissues

The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) for treating cardiac ischemia strongly depends on their paracrine-mediated effects and their engraftment capacity in a hostile environment such as the infarcted myocardium. Adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells are a mixed population composed mainly of MSC and vascular cells, well known for their high angiogenic potential. A previous study showed that the angiogenic potential of SVF cells was further increased following their in vitro organization in an engineered tissue (patch) after perfusion-based bioreactor culture. This study aimed to investigate the possible changes in the cellular SVF composition, in vivo angiogenic potential, as well as engraftment capability upon in vitro culture in harsh hypoxia conditions. This mimics the possible delayed vascularization of the patch upon implantation in a low perfused myocardium. To this purpose, human SVF cells were seeded on a collagen sponge, cultured for 5 days in a perfusion-based bioreactor under normoxia or hypoxia (21% and <1% of oxygen tension, respectively) and subcutaneously implanted in nude rats for 3 and 28 days. Compared to ambient condition culture, hypoxic tension did not alter the SVF composition in vitro, showing similar numbers of MSC as well as endothelial and mural cells. Nevertheless, in vitro hypoxic culture significantly increased the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (p < 0.001) and the number of proliferating cells (p < 0.00001). Moreover, compared to ambient oxygen culture, exposure to hypoxia significantly enhanced the vessel length density in the engineered tissues following 28 days of implantation. The number of human cells and human proliferating cells in hypoxia-cultured constructs was also significantly increased after 3 and 28 days in vivo, compared to normoxia. These findings show that a possible in vivo delay in oxygen supply might not impair the vascularization potential of SVF- patches, which qualifies them for evaluation in a myocardial ischemia model.

scholarly journals Methionine and Arginine Supply Alters Abundance of Amino Acid, Insulin Signaling, and Glutathione Metabolism-Related Proteins in Bovine Subcutaneous Adipose Explants Challenged with N-Acetyl-d-sphingosine

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2114
Author(s):  
Yusheng Liang ◽  
Nana Ma ◽  
Danielle N. Coleman ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

The objective was to perform a proof-of-principle study to evaluate the effects of methionine (Met) and arginine (Arg) supply on protein abundance of amino acid, insulin signaling, and glutathione metabolism-related proteins in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) explants under ceramide (Ce) challenge. SAT from four lactating Holstein cows was incubated with one of the following media: ideal profile of amino acid as the control (IPAA; Lys:Met 2.9:1, Lys:Arg 2:1), increased Met (incMet; Lys:Met 2.5:1), increased Arg (incArg; Lys:Arg 1:1), or incMet plus incArg (Lys:Met 2.5:1 Lys:Arg 1:1) with or without 100 μM exogenous cell-permeable Ce (N-Acetyl-d-sphingosine). Ceramide stimulation downregulated the overall abundance of phosphorylated (p) protein kinase B (AKT), p-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and p-eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2). Without Ce stimulation, increased Met, Arg, or Met + Arg resulted in lower p-mTOR. Compared with control SAT stimulated with Ce, increased Met, Arg, or Met + Arg resulted in greater activation of mTOR (p-mTOR/total mTOR) and AKT (p-AKT/total AKT), with a more pronounced response due to Arg. The greatest protein abundance of glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1) was detected in response to increased Met supply during Ce stimulation. Ceramide stimulation decreased the overall protein abundance of the Na-coupled neutral amino acid transporter SLC38A1 and branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK). However, compared with controls, increased Met or Arg supply attenuated the downregulation of BCKDK induced by Ce. Circulating ceramides might affect amino acid, insulin signaling, and glutathione metabolism in dairy cow adipose tissue. Further in vivo studies are needed to confirm the role of rumen-protected amino acids in regulating bovine adipose function.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of mouse bone marrow and adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells for critical limb ischemia cell therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pegah Nammian ◽  
Seyedeh-Leili Asadi-Yousefabad ◽  
Sajad Daneshi ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Sheikhha ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Bagher Tabei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Critical Limb Ischemia ◽  
Limb Ischemia

Abstract Introduction Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the most advanced form of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) characterized by ischemic rest pain and non-healing ulcers. Currently, the standard therapy for CLI is the surgical reconstruction and endovascular therapy or limb amputation for patients with no treatment options. Neovasculogenesis induced by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy is a promising approach to improve CLI. Owing to their angiogenic and immunomodulatory potential, MSCs are perfect candidates for the treatment of CLI. The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the in vitro and in vivo effects of allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) on CLI treatment. Methods For the first step, BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs were isolated and characterized for the characteristic MSC phenotypes. Then, femoral artery ligation and total excision of the femoral artery were performed on C57BL/6 mice to create a CLI model. The cells were evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo biological characteristics for CLI cell therapy. In order to determine these characteristics, the following tests were performed: morphology, flow cytometry, differentiation to osteocyte and adipocyte, wound healing assay, and behavioral tests including Tarlov, Ischemia, Modified ischemia, Function and the grade of limb necrosis scores, donor cell survival assay, and histological analysis. Results Our cellular and functional tests indicated that during 28 days after cell transplantation, BM-MSCs had a great effect on endothelial cell migration, muscle restructure, functional improvements, and neovascularization in ischemic tissues compared with AT-MSCs and control groups. Conclusions Allogeneic BM-MSC transplantation resulted in a more effective recovery from critical limb ischemia compared to AT-MSCs transplantation. In fact, BM-MSC transplantation could be considered as a promising therapy for diseases with insufficient angiogenesis including hindlimb ischemia.

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