scholarly journals MRS in MS, With and Without Interferon Beta 1a Treatment, to Define the Dynamic Changes of Metabolites in the Brain, and to Monitor Disease Progression

10.5772/31012 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mnire Kln ◽  
Banu akir ◽  
E.Meltem Kayahan ◽  
Zbeyde Arat
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Interferon Beta ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
The Brain

Study on the Dynamic Changes in Chest CT Findings of COVID-19 Rehabilitated Patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Ground Glass ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
Pleural Thickening ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
Interlobular Septal Thickening

Objective: To study the dynamic changes in CT findings in COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-19, COVID-19) rehabilitated patients. Methods: A total of 148 chest CT images of 37 patients with COVID-19 were collected. In the first 21 days of the course of disease, 7 stages were performed every 3 days, and the eighth stage was performed after 21 days. Results: In the first chest CT examination, 19 cases were ground glass opacity, and 18 cases were high-density shadows with consolidation. The lesion shape was flaky and patchy in 33 cases. The percentage of consolidation, air bronchogram, fiber cord, interlobular septal thickening, subpleural line and pleural thickening were the highest on days 4-6, 7-9, 7-9, 10-12, 19-21 and 19-21, respectively. The highest percentage of disease progression was 80.00% on days 4-6, and then the percentage of disease progression gradually decreased with the extension of the onset time. The percentage of patients with improvement gradually increased from days 4-6, reaching 83.33% on days 16-18 and 100.00% on day 21. The percentage of lesion range enlargement and density increase was the highest on days 4-6, both of which were 60.00%，Then the percentage of both decreased gradually. The percentage of patients with lesion range reduction and density absorption dilution increased gradually with the onset time. There was no obvious regularity in the number of lesions. Conclusion: Patients with COVID-19 have regular changes in their lung conditions.

scholarly journals Study on the Dynamic Changes in Synaptic Vesicle-Associated Protein and Axonal Transport Protein Combined with LPS Neuroinflammation Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Ming Zhao ◽  
Hai-jie Ji ◽  
Yu-he Yuan ◽  
Nai-hong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Synaptic Vesicle ◽  
Axonal Transport ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Transport Protein ◽  
Microglia Activation ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
The Brain

Microglia activation is the major component of inflammation that constitutes the characteristic of neurodegenerative disease. A large amount of researches have demonstrated that inflammation involved in the pathogenesis of PD process activated microglia acting on the neurons through the release of a variety of inflammatory factors. However, the molecular mechanism underlying how it does work on neurons is still unclear. Here, we show that intracerebral injections of LPS induced Parkinson’s disease pathology in C57BL/6J mice. Furthermore, study on the dynamic changes in Synaptic vesicle-associated protein and axonal transport Protein in this process. The results indicated that after administration of LPS in the brain, the inflammatory levels of TNF-α and IL-1β both are elevated, and have a time-dependent.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Metabolomics Reveals Ornithine Cycle Dysregulation Correlates With Inflammation and Coagulation in COVID-19 Severe Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Li ◽  
Nianzhi Ning ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Deyan Luo ◽  
Enqiang Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Metabolic Recovery ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Highly Correlated

COVID-19 is a severe disease in humans, as highlighted by the current global pandemic. Several studies about the metabolome of COVID-19 patients have revealed metabolic disorders and some potential diagnostic markers during disease progression. However, the longitudinal changes of metabolomics in COVID-19 patients, especially their association with disease progression, are still unclear. Here, we systematically analyzed the dynamic changes of the serum metabolome of COVID-19 patients, demonstrating that most of the metabolites did not recover by 1–3 days before discharge. A prominent signature in COVID-19 patients comprised metabolites of amino acids, peptides, and analogs, involving nine essential amino acids, 10 dipeptides, and four N-acetylated amino acids. The levels of 12 metabolites in amino acid metabolism, especially three metabolites of the ornithine cycle, were significantly higher in severe patients than in mild ones, mainly on days 1–3 or 4–6 since onset. Integrating blood metabolomic, biochemical, and cytokine data, we uncovered a highly correlated network, including 6 cytokines, 13 biochemical parameters, and 49 metabolites. Significantly, five ornithine cycle-related metabolites (ornithine, N-acetylornithine, 3-amino-2-piperidone, aspartic acid, and asparagine) highly correlated with “cytokine storms” and coagulation index. We discovered that the ornithine cycle dysregulation significantly correlated with inflammation and coagulation in severe patients, which may be a potential mechanism of COVID-19 pathogenicity. Our study provided a valuable resource for detailed exploration of metabolic factors in COVID-19 patients, guiding metabolic recovery, understanding the pathogenic mechanisms, and creating drugs against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

THE SPREAD OF PRION DISEASES IN THE BRAIN — MODELS OF REACTION AND TRANSPORT ON NETWORKS

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 623-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANZISKA MATTHÄUS
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Prion Diseases ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Reaction Diffusion Equations ◽  
Diffusion Term ◽  
Network Decomposition ◽  
Fast Progression ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Infective Agent

In this paper we will present a modeling approach to describe the progression and the spread of prion diseases in the brain. Although there exist a number of mathematical models for the interaction of prions with their native counterpart, prion transport and spread is usually neglected. The concentration dynamics of prions, and thus the dynamics of the disease progression, however, are influenced by prion transport, especially in a medium as complex as the brain. Therefore, we focus here on the interaction between prion concentration dynamics and prion transport. The model is constructed by combining a model of prion-prion interaction with transport on networks. The approach leads to a system of reaction-diffusion equations, whereby the diffusion term is discrete. The equations are solved numerically on domains given as large networks. We show that the prion concentration grows faster on networks characterized by a higher degree heterogeneity. Furthermore, we introduce cell death as a consequence of increasing prion concentration, leading to network decomposition. We show that infectious diseases destroy networks similarly to targeted attacks, namely by affecting the nodes with the highest degree first. Relating the incubation period and disease progression to the process of network decomposition, we find that, interestingly, a long incubation time followed by sudden onset and fast progression of the disease does not need to be reflected in the overall concentration dynamics of the infective agent.

How the Brain Moves the Eyes

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Shirley H. Wray
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

discusses the brain’s visual architecture for directing and controlling of eye movements:the striate, frontal and parietal cortical areas; and the eye movements themselves—saccades, smooth pursuit, and vergence. The susceptibility to disorders of these systems is illustrated in four detailed cases that follow disease progression from initial symptoms and signs to diagnosis and treatment. The case studies and video displays include a patient with Pick’s disease (frontotemporal dementia), another with Alzheimer’s dementia, and two examples of rare saccadic syndromes, one a patient with the slow saccade syndrome due to progressive supranuclear palsy and one with selective saccadic palsy following cardiac surgery.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease: Small Entities with Large Consequences

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2485
Author(s):  
Charysse Vandendriessche ◽  
Arnout Bruggeman ◽  
Caroline Van Cauwenberghe ◽  
Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Protein Aggregates ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
The Brain

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are incurable, devastating neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the formation and spreading of protein aggregates throughout the brain. Although the exact spreading mechanism is not completely understood, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed as potential contributors. Indeed, EVs have emerged as potential carriers of disease-associated proteins and are therefore thought to play an important role in disease progression, although some beneficial functions have also been attributed to them. EVs can be isolated from a variety of sources, including biofluids, and the analysis of their content can provide a snapshot of ongoing pathological changes in the brain. This underlines their potential as biomarker candidates which is of specific relevance in AD and PD where symptoms only arise after considerable and irreversible neuronal damage has already occurred. In this review, we discuss the known beneficial and detrimental functions of EVs in AD and PD and we highlight their promising potential to be used as biomarkers in both diseases.

scholarly journals Dynamic changes in whole-genome cell-free DNA (cfDNA) to identify disease progression prior to imaging in advanced solid tumours

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. v34-v35
Author(s):  
A.A. Davis ◽  
W. Iams ◽  
D. Chan ◽  
M.S. Oh ◽  
R.W. Lentz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Solid Tumours ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Free Dna

Time From Treatment to Subsequent Diagnosis of Brain Metastases in Stage III Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Review by the Southwest Oncology Group

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
pp. 2955-2961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie E. Gaspar ◽  
Kari Chansky ◽  
Kathy S. Albain ◽  
Eric Vallieres ◽  
Valerie Rusch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Oncology Group ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Stage Iiia ◽  
Southwest Oncology Group ◽  
The Brain

Purpose A retrospective review of the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) database was undertaken to review the incidence and timing of diagnosis of brain metastases in patients undergoing combined-modality therapy for stage III non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods Four hundred twenty-two eligible, assessable patients with stage IIIA/B NSCLC were treated on four SWOG protocols. Treatment varied with protocol but consisted of concurrent cisplatin-etoposide and radiation in all patients, with a surgery arm in two of the four protocols. Results Of the 422 total patients, 268 (64%) have experienced disease progression; 54 relapses (20%) were in brain only, 17 (6.5%) were in brain and other sites simultaneously, and 197 (63.5%) were in sites other than brain. Of the 268 patients with disease progression, progression in the brain only, in the brain and other sites, and not in the brain occurred in 20%, 6%, and 74% of patients, respectively. Time from treatment to diagnosis of disease progression in the brain in 71 patients was as follows: during treatment, 16 relapses (22.5%); 0 to 16 weeks after treatment, 17 relapses (24%); 16 weeks to 6 months after treatment, 10 relapses (14%); 6 to 12 months after treatment, 16 relapses (22.5%); and more than 12 months after treatment, 12 relapses (17%). Nonsquamous histology and young patient age were the only significant predictors for increased risk of early relapse with brain metastases. Conclusion Brain metastases often develop early in the course of treatment for stage IIIA/B NSCLC. The statistical designs of ongoing trials of prophylactic cranial irradiation in stage III NSCLC have taken this into account.

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