scholarly journals Plant Extracts from Mexican Native Species: An Alternative for Control of Plant Pathogens

10.5772/29052 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Daniel Hernandez Castillo ◽  
Francisco Castillo ◽  
Gabriel Gallegos ◽  
Raul Rodriguez ◽  
Cristobal N.
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Plant Pathogens

scholarly journals Health quality and reduction of pathogenic transmission in tomato seeds using plant extracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ((04) 2019) ◽  
pp. 635-641
Author(s):  
Mônica Shirley Brasil dos Santos e Silva ◽  
Antônia Alice Costa Rodrigues ◽  
Erlen Keila Candido e Silva ◽  
Anna Christina Sanazário de Oliveira ◽  
Leonardo de Jesus Machado Gois de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
Tomato Seeds ◽  
Seed Analysis ◽  
Seed Health ◽  
Health Quality ◽  
Health Test

The objective of the present study was to assess the seed health quality, quantification of seed-seedling pathogen transmission and the effect of plant extracts in reducing plant pathogens in the seeds of the tomato varieties San Marzano and Ipa 6. For the seed health, the samples were disinfested, plated and assessed after seven days, according to the Brazilian Seed Analysis Rule. For the transmission rate, 12 trays were prepared with 100 seeds each and assessed at 7, 14 and 21 d.a.s. (days after seeding) using 100 seedlings. The plant (main root, stalk and leaves) tissues were plated in PDA culture medium and assessed after seven days of incubation. Aqueous extracts were prepared from cinnamon, basil, neem and eucalyptus with 0.5% concentration and the seeds were immersed in each solution for 10 minutes. Then, they plated and assessed after seven days. The health test showed that biggest incidences of Aspergillus fumigatus (26 %) and Aspergillus flavus (26 %) were occurred in the seeds of the varieties Ipa 6 and San Marzano, respectively. The fungi A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, R. stolonifer and Curvularia sp. were detected in quantification of transmission in the seeds of the two tomato varieties. The treatment with basil extract resulted in the least fungus incidence in the transmission quantification of ‘San Marzano’ tomato seeds, while on Ipa 6 seeds the eucalyptus treatment performed better. The interference of treatments was not observed in tomato seed germination. However, there was decrease in incident of pathogens in seeds treated with the plant extracts and different effects was observed based on type and species of the pathogen.

scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF PLANT EXTRACTS TO SUPPRESS Squash Mosaic Virus INFECTION ON RIDGED GOURD (Luffa acutangula [L.Roxb])

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Maharani Mustika Putri ◽  
Tri Asmira Damayanti
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Virus Titer ◽  
Control Effort ◽  
Crude Leaf Extract ◽  
Luffa Acutangula ◽  
Mosaic Virus Infection

Utilization of plant extracts to suppress Squash Mosaic Virus Infection on ridged gourd (Luffa acutangula [L]. Roxb). Control effort strategies against plant pathogens are necessary to be explored and evaluated its effectiveness intensively. One environmentally friendly control method is biological control by using plant extracts. It is well known that cucurbits arecultivated widely in Indonesia. However, cucurbits are susceptible plants against various pathogens, including viruses. Recently, Squash mosaic virus (SqMV) found to infect cucurbits such as ridged gourd in West Java. The research aimed to explore and evaluate the effectiveness of plant extracts to suppress SqMV infection on the ridged gourd. Three selected plants, namely Bougainvillea spectabilis, Mirabilis jalapa, and Celosia cristata, were tested in greenhouse trial with aspirin as a comparison. The extract was sprayed on the leaves a day before mechanical virus infection. The disease assessments and agronomic parameters were observed. The plant extract treatment showed able to prolonged the incubation period, caused milder symptoms, reduced the virus titer, and showed better plant growth in compared with aspirin treatment or untreated control. B. spectabilis and M. jalapa crude leaf extract revealed able to suppress the SqMV infection with comparable effectiveness with relative inhibition level of disease severity and virus titer up to 48.2% and 80.6 to 81.4%, respectively, indicating their potential as biocontrol for SqMV.

Invasive Species

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Simberloff
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Red Imported Fire Ant ◽  
Award Winning ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts

Invasive species come in all sizes, from plant pathogens like the chestnut blight in eastern North America, to the red imported fire ant that has spread throughout the South, the predatory Indian mongoose now found in the Caribbean and Hawaii, and the huge Burmese python populating the Florida swamps. And while many invasive species are safe and even beneficial, the more harmful varieties cost the world economy billions of dollars annually, devastate agriculture, spread painful and even lethal diseases, and otherwise diminish our quality of life in myriad surprising ways. In Invasive Species: What Everyone Needs to Know, award-winning biologist Daniel Simberloff offers a wide-ranging and informative survey that sheds light on virtually every aspect of these biological invaders. Filled with case studies of an astonishing array of invasive species, the book covers such topics as how humans introduce these species-sometimes inadvertently, but often deliberately-the areas that have suffered the most biological invasions, the methods we use to keep our borders safe, the policies we currently have in place to manage these species, and future prospects for controlling their spread. An eminent ecologist, Simberloff analyzes the direct and indirect impacts of invasive species on various ecosystems, such as when non-native species out-compete native species for food or light, describes how invasive species (such as the Asian mosquito that is a vector for West Nile virus, itself an invasive species) transmit pathogens, and explains his acclaimed theory of "invasional meltdown" in which two or more introduced species combine to produce a far more devastating impact than any one of them would have caused alone. The book also discusses the more controversial issues surrounding invasive species and it concludes with suggested readings and a list of related web sites.

scholarly journals Azadirachta indica Reduces Black Sigatoka in East African Highland Banana by Direct Antimicrobial Effects against Mycosphaerella fijiensis without Inducing Resistance

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Kumakech ◽  
Hans. J. L. Jørgensen ◽  
David B. Collinge ◽  
Richard Edema ◽  
Patrick Okori
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Black Sigatoka ◽  
East African ◽  
Pr Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
And Control

Black Sigatoka is a major disease of East African highland cooking bananas in Uganda. Aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Capsicum annuum have shown the potential to reduce Black Sigatoka in banana plantlets. The mechanisms by which plant extracts confer protection against plant pathogens has previously been reported to involve activation of defence and direct antimicrobial activity. In the current study, both antimicrobial activities of selected extracts were studied as well as expression of three defence-related genes using quantitative real-time PCR. Gene expression was compared in susceptible (cv. Musakala, genomic group AAA-EA) and resistant (cv. Kayinja, genomic group ABB) banana cultivars. Additionally, Musakala treated with A indica extract at 1 day before inoculation (DBI) was tested for induction of defence-related genes at 0, 10 and 20 days after inoculation (DAI). Pathogenesis-related genes (PR-1 and PR-3) and non-expressor of PR-genes (NPR1B) were up-regulated in the resistant cultivar. The genes analysed responded at late time points to M. fijiensis inoculation in both extract-treated and control plants in the susceptible cv. Musakala. On the other hand, A. indica and C. annuum completely inhibited mycelial growth of M. fijiensis at 30% (w/v). These findings suggest that the effect of plant extracts on Black Sigatoka is strongly associated with the direct antimicrobial effects.

scholarly journals Assessment of Plant Extracts and their In vitro Efficacy against Potato Early Blight Incited by Alternaria solani

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1591-1601
Author(s):  
Sumit Kumar ◽  
Ram Chandra ◽  
Lopamudra Behera
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar Medium ◽  
Percent Concentration

Botanicals obtained from the plants are well known for the suppression of inimical plant pathogens. The present study explores the efficacy of five locally available plant extracts for their antifungal activity against the early blight of potato incited by Alternaria solani. The extracts include Datura stramonium, Allium sativum, Azadirachta indica, Eucalyptus globulus, and Lantana camara. All extracts reduced mycelial growth and conidial germination of A. solani. In vitro studies showed that extracts obtained from A. sativum and A. indica have significant inhibition of mycelial growth of A. solani (88.80 and 86.62 percent) at 20 percent concentration. Higher concentrations of A. sativum extract caused a higher reduction of A. solani radial growth on potato dextrose agar medium. Extracts obtained from A. sativum and A. indica at 20 percent concentration, were found most effective for inhibition of conidial germination (85.50 and 80.04 percent) respectively of A. solani. Observations by scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed dramatic alteration in A. solani hyphae collapsed and spores shrinked when treated with extract of A. sativum at a 20 per cent concentration. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of various phytochemicals like flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, glycosides, and phenols was showed A. sativum extract better than all the other plant extracts. Observation also revealed that 20 percent concentration of garlic extract has potential to inhibit to A. solani.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of plant extracts with potential to control plant pathogens in pineapple

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Diana Cerqueira Sales ◽  
Helber Barcellos Costa ◽  
Patrícia Machado Bueno Fernandes ◽  
José Aires Ventura ◽  
Debora Dummer Meira
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Control Plant

scholarly journals Synergistic effect of plant extracts and fungicide against purple blotch disease of onion

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia Kalsoom ◽  
Sobia Chohan ◽  
Muhammad Saleem Haider ◽  
Muhammad Abid
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
Cassia Fistula ◽  
Program Cost ◽  
Agriculture Industry

Onion is widely cultivated crop and attacked by different fungi. Purple blotch of onion caused by Alternaria porri is a continuous threat to Pakistan agriculture industry for the last few years. Generally, fungicides give satisfactory control but due to the environmental concerns, their use should be restricted. In integrated disease management program, cost effective and eco-friendly approach is used to cope with plant pathogens. Therefore, the present study was planned to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of different plants extracts such as Pongamia pinnata, Polyalthia longifolia, Cassia fistula, and Citrus sinensis against A. porri alone as well as synergistically with different concentrations of Mancozeb under in vitro conditions. Methanolic leaves extracts of these plants were mixed with different concentrations (25, 50, and 75%) of fungicide and screened via poisoned food technique to measure percent inhibition of fungal growth. The results indicated that plant extracts alone gave appreciable amount of fungal reduction but when used in combination with fungicide, performed best. Among them P. longifolia gave 73%inhibition, C. sinensis 49%, P. pinnata 70%and Cassia fistula showed46% inhibition respectively. In combination with fungicide, 25% of recommended dose, P. longifolia gave 82.93%, P. pinnata gave 77.07 %, C. sinensis 73.17% and C. fistula gave 62.92% inhibition as compared to control against A. porri. With the increase of fungicide in combination, more reduction in the fungal growth was observed. It is concluded that extracts can be used synergistically with fungicides. The combinations will protect the environment by reducing the amount of fungicide

scholarly journals Keefektifan Ekstrak Air Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) dalam Menekan Pertumbuhan Koloni dan Perkecambahan Konidia Jamur Colletotrichum capsici Penyebab Penyakit Antraknos pada Cabai

Agrikultura ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endah Yulia ◽  
Fitri Widiantini ◽  
Andang Purnama ◽  
Ida Nurhelawati
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Colletotrichum Capsici ◽  
Conidia Germination ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp

ABSTRACTEffectiveness of Aqueous Extract of Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) Leaves in Suppressing Colony Growth and Conidia Germination of Colletotrichum capsici the Causal Agents of Anthracnose Disease on ChiliAnthracnose disease caused by the fungus Colletotrichum spp. is a major disease in chili. Several studies have reported the effectiveness of some plant extracts in suppressing the growth of this pathogen and in controlling the disease. Binahong (Anredera cordifolia) plant has been widely studied and used in traditional medicine in the field of human health as well as antimicrobial on plant pathogens. This study was aimed to test the effectiveness of the aqueous extract of binahong leaves to suppress the colony growth and conidia germination of the fungus C. capsici. The concentration of binahong aqueous extract tested were 6.25%, 8.84%, 12.5%, 17.7% and 25%. Results showed binahong aqueous extract at low concentration of 6.25% was able to suppress the growth of fungal mycelium of C. capsici up to 66.88% compared to the lower effectiveness of higher tested concentrations. The aqueous extract of binahong leaves at this low concentration also tended to suppress the germination of conidia of the fungus C. capsici in in higher tested concentrations.Keywords: Colletotrichum capsici, Aqueous extract, Anredera cordifoliaABSTRAKPenyakit Antraknos yang disebabkan oleh jamur Colletotrichum spp. merupakan penyakit utama pada tanaman cabai. Beberapa penelitian melaporkan keefektifan beberapa ekstrak tanaman dalam menekan pertumbuhan patogen Colletotrichum spp. dan dalam mengendalikan penyakit Antraknos ini. Tanaman binahong sudah banyak diteliti dan digunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional di bidang kesehatan manusia maupun sebagai antimikroba patogen tanaman. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan pengujian keefektifan ekstrak air daun binahong terhadap pertumbuhan koloni dan perkecambahan konidia jamur C. capsici. Konsentrasi ekstrak air binahong yang diuji adalah 6,25%, 8,84%, 12,5%, 17,7% dan 25%. Hasil menunjukkan ekstrak air binahong pada konsentrasi rendah 6,25% mampu menekan pertumbuhan miselium jamur C. capsici sampai 66,88% dibandingkan keefektifan yang lebih rendah pada konsentrasi yang lebih tinggi. Ekstrak air binahong pada konsentrasi rendah tersebut juga cenderung menekan perkecambahan konidia jamur C. capsici.Kata Kunci: Colletotrichum capsici, Ekstrak air, Anredera cordifolia

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