scholarly journals New Mosquito Control Techniques as Countermeasures Against Insecticide Resistance

10.5772/28800 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Kawada
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Control Techniques

scholarly journals Assessment of the susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) populations to pyriproxyfen and malathion in a nation-wide monitoring of insecticide resistance performed in Brazil from 2017 to 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kauara Brito Campos ◽  
Ademir Jesus Martins ◽  
Cynara de Melo Rodovalho ◽  
Diogo Fernandes Bellinato ◽  
Luciana dos Santos Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
World Health ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background Chemical mosquito control using malathion has been applied in Brazil since 1985. To obtain chemical control effectiveness, vector susceptibility insecticide monitoring is required. This study aimed to describe bioassay standardizations and determine the susceptibility profile of Ae. aegypti populations to malathion and pyriproxyfen, used on a national scale in Brazil between 2017 and 2018, and discuss the observed impacts in arbovirus control. Methods The diagnostic-doses (DD) of pyriproxyfen and malathion were determined as the double of adult emergence inhibition (EI) and lethal doses for 99% of the Rockefeller reference strain, respectively. To monitor natural populations, sampling was performed in 132 Brazilian cities, using egg traps. Colonies were raised in the laboratory for one or two generations (F1 or F2) and submitted to susceptibility tests, where larvae were exposed to the pyriproxyfen DD (0.03 µg/l) and adults, to the malathion DD determined in the present study (20 µg), in addition to the one established by the World Health Organization (WHO) DD (50 µg) in a bottle assay. Dose-response (DR) bioassays with pyriproxyfen were performed on populations that did not achieve 98% EI in the DD assays. Results Susceptibility alterations to pyriproxyfen were recorded in six (4.5%) Ae. aegypti populations from the states of Bahia and Ceará, with Resistance Ratios (RR95) ranging from 1.51 to 3.58. Concerning malathion, 73 (55.3%) populations distributed throughout the country were resistant when exposed to the local DD 20 µg/bottle. On the other hand, no population was resistant, and only 10 (7.6%) populations in eight states were considered as exhibiting decreased susceptibility (mortality ratios between 90 and 98%) when exposed to the WHO DD (50 µg/bottle). Conclusions The feasibility of conducting an insecticide resistance monitoring action on a nation-wide scale was confirmed herein, employing standardized and strongly coordinated sampling methods and laboratory bioassays. Brazilian Ae. aegypti populations exhibiting decreased susceptibility to pyriproxyfen were identified. The local DD for malathion was more sensitive than the WHO DD for early decreased susceptibility detection.

scholarly journals Comparative proteomics reveals complex insecticides-associated resistance mechanism of Culex pipiens pallens Coquillett

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chongxing Zhang ◽  
Feng Miao ◽  
Qiqi Shi ◽  
Peng Cheng ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Susceptible Strain ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Protein Profiles ◽  
Metabolic Resistance ◽  
Pipiens Pallens

Abstract Background: Mosquito control based on chemical insecticides is considered as an important element in the current global strategies for the control of mosquito-borne diseases. Unfortunately, the development of insecticide resistance of important vector mosquito species jeopardizes the effectiveness of insecticide-based mosquito control. As opposed to target site resistance, other mechanisms are far from being fully understood.Results: Susceptible strain of Cx. pipiens pallen showed elevated resistance levels to after 25 generations insecticide-selected, through bioinformatics analysis allowed detecting 2,502 proteins, of which 1513 were differentially expression in insecticide-selected strains as compared to the susceptible strain. Finally, midgut differential expression protein profiles and 62 proteins were selected for verification of differential expression using parallel reaction monitoring strategy.Conclusions Significant molecular resources were developed for Cx. pipiens pallen potential candidates involved in metabolic resistance as well as those participating in lower penetration or sequestration of insecticide. Global protein profiles of change to three insecticide strains combined with midgut profiles revealed multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms operate simultaneously in resistant insects of Cx. pipiens pallens. Future research that is targeted towards RNA interference on the identified metabolic targets such as cuticular, cytochrome P450s and glutathione S-transferase proteins could lay the foundation for a better understanding of the genetic basis of insecticide resistance in Cx. pipiens pallen.

scholarly journals Current Status of Aedes aegypti Insecticide Resistance Development from Banjarmasin, Kalimantan, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Hamid ◽  
V. I. Ninditya ◽  
J. Prastowo ◽  
A. Haryanto ◽  
A. Taubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Point Mutation ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
High Level

Aedes aegypti represents the principal vector of many arthropod-borne diseases in tropical areas worldwide. Since mosquito control strategies are mainly based on use of insecticides, resistance development can be expected to occur in frequently exposed Ae. aegypti populations. Surveillance on resistance development as well as testing of insecticide susceptibility is therefore mandatory and needs further attention by national/international public health authorities. In accordance, we here conducted a study on Ae. aegypti resistance development towards several often used insecticides, i.e., malathion, deltamethrin, permethrin, λ-cyhalothrin, bendiocarb, and cyfluthrin, in the periurban area of Banjarmasin city, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Our results clearly showed resistance development of Ae. aegypti populations against tested insecticides. Mortalities of Ae. aegypti were less than 90% with the highest resistance observed against 0.75% permethrin. Collected mosquitoes from Banjarmasin also presented high level of resistance development to 0.1% bendiocarb. Molecular analysis of voltage-gated sodium channel (Vgsc) gene showed significant association of V1016G gene point mutation in resistance Ae. aegypti phenotypes against 0.75% permethrin. However, F1534C gene point mutation did not correlate to Ae. aegypti insecticide resistance to 0.75% permethrin. Irrespective of periurban areas in Kalimantan considered as less densed island of Indonesia, Ae. aegypti-derived resistance to different routinely applied insecticides occurred. Our findings evidence that Ae. aegypti insecticide resistance is most likely spreading into less populated areas and thus needs further surveillance in order to delay Ae. aegypti resistance development.

scholarly journals Insecticide Resistance Status of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in California by Biochemical Assays

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1176-1183
Author(s):  
Fan Yang ◽  
Samuel Schildhauer ◽  
Sarah A Billeter ◽  
Melissa Hardstone Yoshimizu ◽  
Robert Payne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Metabolic Resistance ◽  
Organophosphate Resistance ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Effective Use

Abstract Insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes poses a major threat to public health worldwide. There are two primary biological mechanisms that can lead to insecticide resistance, target site and metabolic resistance, both of which confer resistance to specific classes of insecticides. Due to the limited number of chemical compounds available for mosquito control, it is important to determine current enzymatic profiles among mosquito populations. This study assessed resistance profiles for three metabolic pathways, α-esterases, β-esterases, and mixed-function oxidases (MFOs), as well as insensitivity of the acetylcholinesterase (iAChE) enzyme in the presence of propoxur, among Ae. aegypti from the Central Valley and southern California. All field-collected Ae. aegypti demonstrated elevated MFOs and iAChE activity, indicating potential development of pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance, respectively. Although regional variations were found among α-esterase and β-esterase activity, levels were generally elevated, further suggesting additional mechanisms for developing organophosphate resistance. Furthermore, mosquito samples from southern California exhibited a higher expression level to all three metabolic enzymes and iAChE activity in comparison to mosquitoes from the central region. These results could help guide future mosquito control efforts, directing the effective use of insecticides while limiting the spread of resistance.

scholarly journals Natural diversity of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Target Space ◽  
Anopheles Coluzzii ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Gene Drive

The sustainability of malaria control in Africa is threatened by rising levels of insecticide resistance, and new tools to prevent malaria transmission are urgently needed. To gain a better understanding of the mosquito populations that transmit malaria, we sequenced the genomes of 765 wild specimens of Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii sampled from 15 locations across Africa. The data reveal high levels of genetic diversity, with over 50 million single nucleotide polymorphisms across the 230 Mbp genome. We observe complex patterns of population structure and marked variations in local population size, some of which may be due at least in part to malaria control interventions. Insecticide resistance genes show strong signatures of recent selection associated with multiple independent mutations spreading over large geographical distances and between species. The genetic variability of natural populations substantially reduces the target space for novel gene-drive strategies for mosquito control. This large dataset provides a foundation for tracking the emergence and spread of insecticide resistance and developing new vector control tools.

scholarly journals Aedes aegypti Males as Vehicles for Insecticide Delivery

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey L. Brelsfoard ◽  
James W. Mains ◽  
Steve Mulligan ◽  
Anthony Cornel ◽  
Jodi Holeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Larval Habitats ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Oviposition Sites ◽  
Lethal Doses

Aedes aegypti continues to spread globally and remains a challenge to control, in part due to its ‘cryptic behavior’ in that it often deposits eggs (oviposits) in larval habitats that are difficult to find and treat using traditional methods. Auto-dissemination strategies target these cryptic breeding sites by employing mosquitoes to deliver lethal doses of insecticide. This report describes the initial field trials of an application known as Autodissemination Augmented by Males (ADAM), utilizing A. aegypti males dusted with pyriproxyfen (PPF). Findings presented here are drawn from both caged and field trial studies. Together, these trials examined for the ability of A. aegypti males to disseminate PPF and to impact field populations. PPF-dusted males were able to effectively deliver lethal doses of PPF to oviposition sites under the conditions tested. Results from field trials in Florida and California demonstrated reduced A. aegypti populations in treated areas, compared to areas where PPF-treated males were not released. These results indicate that the release of PPF-dusted A. aegypti males can impact A. aegypti populations as measured by both reduced larval survival and lower numbers of adult female A. aegypti. We propose the ADAM approach as an addition to existing mosquito control techniques targeting A. aegypti and other mosquitoes that utilize cryptic larval habitats.

scholarly journals Monitoring Insecticide Resistance and Target Site Mutations of L1014 Kdr And G119 Ace Alleles in Five Mosquito Populations in Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-550
Author(s):  
Seo Hye Park ◽  
Hojong Jun ◽  
Seong Kyu Ahn ◽  
Jinyoung Lee ◽  
Sung-Lim Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Site Mutation ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Homozygous Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Mosquitoes are globally distributed and important vectors for the transmission of many human diseases. Mosquito control is a difficult task and the cost of preventing mosquito-borne diseases is much lower than that for curing the associated diseases. Thus, chemical control remains the most effective tool for mosquito. Due to the long-term intensive use of insecticides to control mosquito vectors, resistance to most chemical insecticides has been reported. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between insecticide resistance and target site mutation of L1014 kdr and G119 ace alleles in 5 species/species group of mosquitoes (Aedes vexans, Ae. albopictus, Anopheles spp., Culex pipiens complex, and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus) obtained from 6 collection sites. For Anopheles spp., the proportion of mosquitoes with mutated alleles in L1014 was 88.4%, homozygous resistant genotypes were observed in 46.7%, and heterozygous resistant genotypes were observed in 41.8%. For the Cx. pipiens complex and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus species, homozygous resistant genotypes were found in 25.9% and 9.8%, respectively. However, target site mutation of L1014 in the Ae. vexans nipponii and Ae. albopictus species was not observed. Anopheles spp., Cx. pipiens complex, and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes were resistant to deltamethrin and chlorpyriphos, whereas Ae. vexans nipponii and Ae. albopictus were clearly susceptible. We also found a correlation between the resistance phenotype and the presence of the L1014 kdr and G119 ace mutations only in the Anopheles spp. population. In this study, we suggest that insecticide resistance poses a growing threat and resistance management must be integrated into all mosquito control programs.

scholarly journals Dengue fever and insecticide resistance in Aedes mosquitoes in Southeast Asia: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon Jian Gan ◽  
Yong Qi Leong ◽  
Muhammad Fakrul Hakim bin Barhanuddin ◽  
Siew Tung Wong ◽  
Shew Fung Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
The Status ◽  
Metabolic Detoxification

AbstractDengue fever is the most important mosquito-borne viral disease in Southeast Asia. Insecticides remain the most effective vector control approach for Aedes mosquitoes. Four main classes of insecticides are widely used for mosquito control: organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids and carbamates. Here, we review the distribution of dengue fever from 2000 to 2020 and its associated mortality in Southeast Asian countries, and we gather evidence on the trend of insecticide resistance and its distribution in these countries since 2000, summarising the mechanisms involved. The prevalence of resistance to these insecticides is increasing in Southeast Asia, and the mechanisms of resistance are reported to be associated with target site mutations, metabolic detoxification, reduced penetration of insecticides via the mosquito cuticle and behavioural changes of mosquitoes. Continuous monitoring of the status of resistance and searching for alternative control measures will be critical for minimising any unpredicted outbreaks and improving public health. This review also provides improved insights into the specific use of insecticides for effective control of mosquitoes in these dengue endemic countries.

scholarly journals Insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti from Tapachula, Mexico: Spatial variation and response to historical insecticide use

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. e0009746
Author(s):  
Francisco Solis-Santoyo ◽  
Americo D. Rodriguez ◽  
R. Patricia Penilla-Navarro ◽  
Daniel Sanchez ◽  
Alfredo Castillo-Vera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
The City

Background Insecticide use continues as the main strategy to control Aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever. In the city of Tapachula, Mexico, mosquito control programs switched from pyrethroids to organophosphates for outdoor spatial spraying in 2013. Additionally, the spraying scheme switched from total coverage to focused control, prioritizing areas with higher entomological-virological risk. Five years after this strategy had been implemented, we evaluated the status and variability of insecticide resistance among Ae. aegypti collected at 26 sites in Tapachula. Methodology/Principal findings We determined the lethal concentrations at 50% of the tested populations (LC50) using a bottle bioassay, and then, we calculated the resistance ratio (RR) relative to the susceptible New Orleans strain. Permethrin and deltamethrin (pyrethroids), chlorpyrifos and malathion (organophosphates), and bendiocarb (carbamate) were tested. The frequencies of the substitutions V1016I and F1534C, which are in the voltage-gated sodium channel and confer knockdown-resistance (kdr) to pyrethroid insecticides, were calculated. Despite 5 years having passed since the removal of pyrethroids from the control programs, Ae. aegypti remained highly resistant to permethrin and deltamethrin (RR > 10-fold). In addition, following 5 years of chlorpyrifos use, mosquitoes at 15 of 26 sites showed moderate resistance to chlorpyrifos (5- to 10-fold), and the mosquitoes from one site were highly resistant. All sites had low resistance to malathion (< 5-fold). Resistance to bendiocarb was low at 19 sites, moderate at five, and high at two. Frequencies of the V1016I ranged from 0.16–0.71, while C1534 approached fixation at 23 sites (0.8–1). Resistance profiles and kdr allele frequencies varied across Tapachula. The variability was not associated with a spatial pattern at the scale of the sampling. Conclusion/Significance Mosquito populations respond to selection pressure at a focal scale in the field. Spatial variation across sites highlights the importance of testing multiple sites within geographical regions.

scholarly journals Comparative proteomics reveals mechanisms that underlie insecticide resistance in Culex pipiens pallens Coquillett

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. e0009237
Author(s):  
Chongxing Zhang ◽  
Qiqi Shi ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Peng Cheng ◽  
Xiuxia Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Susceptible Strain ◽  
Culex Pipiens Pallens ◽  
Metabolic Resistance ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Pipiens Pallens

Mosquito control based on chemical insecticides is considered as an important element of the current global strategies for the control of mosquito-borne diseases. Unfortunately, the development of insecticide resistance of important vector mosquito species jeopardizes the effectiveness of insecticide-based mosquito control. In contrast to target site resistance, other mechanisms are far from being fully understood. Global protein profiles among cypermethrin-resistant, propoxur-resistant, dimethyl-dichloro-vinyl-phosphate-resistant and susceptible strain of Culex pipiens pallens were obtained and proteomic differences were evaluated by using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification labeling coupled with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric analysis. A susceptible strain of Culex pipiens pallens showed elevated resistance levels after 25 generations of insecticide selection, through iTRAQ data analysis detected 2,502 proteins, of which 1,513 were differentially expressed in insecticide-selected strains compared to the susceptible strain. Finally, midgut differential protein expression profiles were analyzed, and 62 proteins were selected for verification of differential expression using iTRAQ and parallel reaction monitoring strategy, respectively. iTRAQ profiles of adaptation selection to three insecticide strains combined with midgut profiles revealed that multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms operate simultaneously in resistant insects of Culex pipiens pallens. Significant molecular resources were developed for Culex pipiens pallens, potential candidates were involved in metabolic resistance and reducing penetration or sequestering insecticide. Future research that is targeted towards RNA interference of the identified metabolic targets, such as cuticular proteins, cytochrome P450s, glutathione S-transferases and ribosomal proteins proteins and biological pathways (drug metabolism—cytochrome P450, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, oxidative phosphorylation, ribosome) could lay the foundation for a better understanding of the genetic basis of insecticide resistance in Culex pipiens pallens.

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