scholarly journals Methods and Tools for Detection and Evaluation of the Risks of Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus in Porcine to Human Xenotransplantation

10.5772/28799 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takele Argaw ◽  
Carolyn A.
Keyword(s):  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Human Xenotransplantation

scholarly journals PCR-based cloning and immunocytological titration of infectious porcine endogenous retrovirus subgroup A and B

2002 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 2231-2240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birke Bartosch ◽  
Robin A. Weiss ◽  
Yasuhiro Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Site ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
293 Cells ◽  
Cloning Technique ◽  
Unique Restriction ◽  
Human Xenotransplantation

Two pig endogenous retroviruses (PERV), PERV-A and -B, productively infect human cells and are therefore considered to constitute a potential risk in pig-to-human xenotransplantation. A PCR-based cloning technique to isolate infectious PERV proviruses was established. Overlapping 3′ half and 5′ halves of PERV proviral genomes were amplified using DNA extracted from human 293 cells infected with PERV-A or -B. These clones were fused at a unique restriction site in the overlapping region and tested for their infectivity. Representative constructs possessed the same infectious properties as their parent isolates. We also developed a polyclonal anti-PERV serum by using recombinant PERV capsid protein derived from one of the infectious constructs as immunogen and established an immunocytological method for detection and titration of PERV infection. This detection method proved to be more sensitive than the current method of choice (transfer of MLV-lacZ vectors) for infectivity assessment of PERV. These findings should be considered for future characterization of PERV isolates.

scholarly journals Virological aspects of non-human primates or swine-to human xenotransplantation

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Natalia Mazurkiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Nowak ◽  
Magdalena Hryhorowicz ◽  
Joanna Zeyland ◽  
Daniel Lipiński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Marburg Virus ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Animal Pathogens ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Xenotransplantation

There are a number of human diseases, which can lead to organ failure. The consequence is often the need for a transplant. The number of performed operations is very low due to the shortage of organs for transplantation. As a consequence, the number of people waiting for transplant is still growing. The solution to this situation may be xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation word comes from the Greek xenos meaning stranger, the other. It is defined as any procedure that involves the transplantation, implantation or infusion of tissues or zoonotic organs into a human recipient, but also human body fluids, cells, tissues, organs (or fragments) that have ex vivo contact with zoonotic cells, tissues or organs. One of the obstacles of the xenograft transplantation is the risk of animal pathogens transmission to the humans. Viruses that pose risk in the non-human primates-to-human xenotransplantation includes: the human immunodeficiency virus - HIV and the Marburg virus described in this paper. In addition viruses, which is a problem in pig-to-human xenotransplantation have also been described, including: porcine endogenous retrovirus - PERV, porcine cytomegalovirus - PCMV, porcine lymphotropic herpesvirus - PLHV and hepatitis E virus - E - HEV. This review of literature is the latest knowledge of the microbiological safety of xenotransplantation.

ALTERED INFECTIVITY OF PORCINE ENDOGENOUS RETROVIRUS BY “PROTECTIVE” AVIAN ANTIBODIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR PIG-TO-HUMAN XENOTRANSPLANTATION.

2000 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S418
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Leventhal ◽  
Na Su ◽  
Dixon B. Kaufman ◽  
Micheal I. Abecassis ◽  
Frank P. Stuart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Human Xenotransplantation

scholarly journals Reduced Sensitivity to Human Serum Inactivation of Enveloped Viruses Produced by Pig Cells Transgenic for Human CD55 or Deficient for the Galactosyl-α(1-3) Galactosyl Epitope

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 5812-5819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saema Magre ◽  
Yasuhiro Takeuchi ◽  
Gillian Langford ◽  
Andrew Richards ◽  
Clive Patience ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Human Complement ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Complement Regulatory Proteins ◽  
Galactosyl Transferase ◽  
Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Human Xenotransplantation

ABSTRACT Complement activation mediated by the major xenogeneic epitope in the pig, galactosyl-α(1-3) galactosyl sugar structure (α-Gal), and human natural antibodies could cause hyperacute rejection (HAR) in pig-to-human xenotransplantation. The same reaction on viruses bearing α-Gal may serve as a barrier to zoonotic infection. Expressing human complement regulatory proteins or knocking out α-Gal epitopes in pig in order to overcome HAR may therefore pose an increased risk in xenotransplantation with regard to zoonosis. We investigated whether amphotropic murine leukemia virus, porcine endogenous retrovirus, and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) budding from primary transgenic pig aortic endothelial (TgPAE) cells expressing human CD55 (hCD55 or hDAF) was protected from human-complement-mediated inactivation. VSV propagated through the ST-IOWA pig cell line, in which α-galactosyl-transferase genes were disrupted (Gal null), was also tested for sensitivity to human complement. The TgPAE cells were positive for hCD55, and all pig cells except the Gal-null ST-IOWA expressed α-Gal epitopes. Through antibody binding, we were able to demonstrate the incorporation of hCD55 onto VSV particles. Viruses harvested from TgPAE cells were relatively resistant to complement-mediated inactivation by the three sources of human sera tested. Additionally, VSV from Gal-null pig cells was resistant to human complement inactivation. Such protection of enveloped viruses may increase the risk of zoonosis from pigs genetically modified for pig-to-human xenotransplantation.

scholarly journals Human SAMHD1 restricts the xenotransplantation relevant porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) in non-dividing cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 656-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Al-Shehabi ◽  
Uwe Fiebig ◽  
Juliane Kutzner ◽  
Joachim Denner ◽  
Torsten Schaller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Dividing Cells

Measurement and Destruction of Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus in the Chinese Bama Minipig

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingqi Zhang ◽  
Mengyu Gao ◽  
Wanliu Peng ◽  
Shengfu Li ◽  
Guangneng Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus
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