Pyrethroid Resistance in Insects: Genes, Mechanisms, and Regulation

Abstract Background Insecticide resistance poses a serious threat to insecticide-based interventions in Africa. There is a fear that resistance escalation could jeopardize malaria control efforts. Monitoring of cases of aggravation of resistance intensity and its impact on the efficacy of control tools is crucial to predict consequences of resistance. Methods The resistance levels of an Anopheles funestus population from Palmeira, southern Mozambique, were characterized and their impact on the efficacy of various insecticide-treated nets established. Results A dramatic loss of efficacy of all long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), including piperonyl butoxide (PBO)–based nets (Olyset Plus), was observed. This An. funestus population consistently (2016, 2017, and 2018) exhibited a high degree of pyrethroid resistance. Molecular analyses revealed that this resistance escalation was associated with a massive overexpression of the duplicated cytochrome P450 genes CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b, and also the fixation of the resistance CYP6P9a_R allele in this population in 2016 (100%) in contrast to 2002 (5%). However, the low recovery of susceptibility after PBO synergist assay suggests that other resistance mechanisms could be involved. Conclusions The loss of efficacy of pyrethroid-based LLINs with and without PBO is a concern for the effectiveness of insecticide-based interventions, and action should be taken to prevent the spread of such super-resistance.

Download Full-text

Distribution and pyrethroid resistance status of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus populations and possible phylogenetic reasons for the recent invasion of Aedes aegypti in Nepal

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-020-04090-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hitoshi Kawada ◽

Kyoko Futami ◽

Yukiko Higa ◽

Ganesh Rai ◽

Takashi Suzuki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Pyrethroid Resistance

Download Full-text

AFLP-Based Genetic Linkage Map of the Colorado Potato Beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata: Sex Chromosomes and a Pyrethroid-Resistance Candidate Gene

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/158.2.695 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 158 (2) ◽

pp. 695-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

David J Hawthorne

Keyword(s):

Candidate Gene ◽

Linkage Map ◽

Colorado Potato Beetle ◽

Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽

Genetic Linkage ◽

Genetic Linkage Map ◽

Sex Chromosome ◽

Pyrethroid Resistance ◽

Codominant Markers ◽

Potato Beetle

Abstract A genetic linkage map was constructed from an intraspecific cross of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. This is an initial step toward mapping the loci that underlie important phenotypes associated with insect adaptation to an agroecosystem. The map was made with 172 AFLP and 10 anonymous codominant markers segregating among 74 backcross (BC1) individuals. Markers were mapped to 18 linkage groups and a subset of the markers with a mean intermarker distance of 11.1 cM is presented. A pyrethroid-resistance candidate gene, LdVssc1, was placed onto the map as well. The sex chromosome was identified by exploiting the XO nature of sex determination in this species using patterns of variation at LdVssc1 and the codominant markers.

Download Full-text

The contribution of detoxification pathways to pyrethroid resistance in Hyalella azteca

Environmental Pollution ◽

10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117158 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 284 ◽

pp. 117158

Author(s):

Courtney Y. Fung ◽

Kun Yan Zhu ◽

Kaley Major ◽

Helen C. Poynton ◽

Kara E. Huff Hartz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pyrethroid Resistance ◽

Hyalella Azteca ◽

Detoxification Pathways

Download Full-text

Pyrethroid Resistance in the Horn Fly., Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae)

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/77.5.1095 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 77 (5) ◽

pp. 1095-1098 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

S. S. Quisenberry ◽

J. A. Lockwood ◽

R. L. Byford ◽

H. K. Wilson ◽

T. C. Sparks

Keyword(s):

Pyrethroid Resistance ◽

Haematobia Irritans ◽

Horn Fly

Download Full-text