scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Arising from Food-Animal Productions and Its Mitigation

10.5772/28630 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingling Wang ◽  
Zhongtang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Food Animal

Antimicrobial resistance in United States retail ground beef with and without label claims regarding antibiotic use

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Schmidt ◽  
Amit Vikram ◽  
Enrique Doster ◽  
Kevin Thomas ◽  
Margaret D Weinroth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Production System ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Food Animal ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Human Health Impacts ◽  
Beef Products

Antibiotics used during food-animal production account for approximately 77% of U.S. antimicrobial consumption by mass. Ground beef products labeled as raised without antibiotics (RWA) are perceived to harbor lower antimicrobial resistance (AMR) levels than conventional (CONV) products with no label claims regarding antimicrobial use. Retail ground beef samples were obtained from 6 U. S. cities. Samples with a RWA or USDA Organic claim ( N = 299) were assigned to the RWA production system. Samples lacking these claims ( N = 300) were assigned to the CONV production system. Each sample was cultured for the detection of five antimicrobial resistant bacteria. Genomic DNA was isolated from each sample and qPCR was used to determine the abundance of ten antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli (CONV = 46.3%; RWA = 34.4%, P < 0.01) and erythromycin-resistant Enterococcus (CONV = 48.0%; RWA = 37.5%, P = 0.01) were more frequently detected in CONV. Salmonella were detected in 1.2% of samples. The ARG bla CTX-M (CONV = 4.1 log 10 normalized abundance, RWA = 3.8 log 10 normalized abundance, P < 0.01) was more abundant in CONV ground beef. The ARGs mecA (CONV = 4.4 log 10 normalized abundance, RWA = 4.9 log 10 normalized abundance, P = 0.05), tet (A) (CONV = 3.9 log 10 normalized abundance, RWA = 4.5 log 10 normalized abundance, P < 0.01), tet (B) (CONV = 3.9 log 10 normalized abundance, RWA = 4.5 log 10 normalized abundance, P < 0.01), and tet (M) (CONV = 5.4 log 10 normalized abundance, RWA = 5.8 log 10 normalized abundance, P < 0.01) were more abundant in RWA ground beef. Although these results suggest that antimicrobial use during U. S. cattle production does not increase human exposure to AMR via ground beef quantitative microbiological risk assessments are required for authoritative assessments regarding the human health impacts of antimicrobial uses during beef production.

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Sequences of 35 Incompatibility Group I1 Plasmid-Carrying Salmonella enterica Isolates from Food Animal and Clinical Sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (35) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesreen H. Aljahdali ◽  
Pravin R. Kaldhone ◽  
Steven L. Foley ◽  
Bijay K. Khajanchi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Incompatibility Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Food Animal ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Genotypic Characteristics

We sequenced 35 Salmonella enterica isolates carrying incompatibility group I1 (IncI1) plasmids from different serotypes to study their genotypic characteristics. The isolates originated from food animals (n = 32) and human patients (n = 3). All isolates carried IncI1 plasmids, and many had additional plasmids detected along with virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes.

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Sequences of 66 Incompatibility Group FIB Plasmid-Carrying Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolates from Food Animal Sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesreen H. Aljahdali ◽  
Steven L. Foley ◽  
Jing Han ◽  
Yasser M. Sanad ◽  
Rajesh Nayak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Incompatibility Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Food Animal ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

Sixty-six Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates carrying incompatibility group FIB (IncFIB) plasmids were sequenced to further characterize the IncFIB plasmid-encoded factors associated with virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes. In addition to the IncFIB plasmid, many of these isolates harbored additional plasmids encoding virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes.

scholarly journals Occurrence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, and distribution of enterococcal clonal complex 17 from animals and human beings in Korea

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 924-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka Hee Kwon ◽  
Sun Young Hwang ◽  
Bo Youn Moon ◽  
Young Kyung Park ◽  
Sook Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Companion Animal ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Food Animal ◽  
Resistance Rates

Enterococci are major zoonotic bacteria that cause opportunistic infections in human beings and animals. Moreover, pathogenic strains can be disseminated between human beings and animals, particularly companion animals that come into frequent contact with people. Recently, Enterococcus faecium clonal complex 17 (CC17) has emerged as a pandemic clone. Most CC17 strains are ampicillin resistant and possess virulence genes such as esp and hyl. Despite the possible dissemination of CC17 between human beings and animals, prevalence data about CC17 in animals is limited. In the present study, the phenotypes and genotypes of antimicrobial resistance were compared, as well as virulence gene profiles from 184 enterococci strains isolated from chickens, pigs, companion animals, and human patients in Korea. Ampicillin-resistant E. faecium (AREF) strains were selected, and multilocus sequence typing was performed to investigate the dispersion of CC17 among animals and human beings. The companion animal and human isolates showed high resistance rates to ampicillin and ciprofloxacin, whereas food animal isolates showed high tetracycline and erythromycin resistance rates. Ampicillin-resistant E. faecium was only detected in human (21/21 E. faecium, 100%) and companion animal (3/5 E. faecium, 60%) isolates, and all human AREF strains and 1 canine AREF strain were confirmed as CC17. In conclusion, the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, and the distribution of enterococcal CC17 in companion animal enterococcal strains were similar to those of human strains rather than to those of food animal strains.

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