scholarly journals Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus species of food animal origin from Beijing and Shandong Province, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Liu ◽  
K. Liu ◽  
J. Lai ◽  
C. Wu ◽  
J. Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Enterococcus Species ◽  
Food Animal

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Use, Residues, Resistance and Governance in the Food and Agriculture Sectors, Tanzania

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Robinson H. Mdegela ◽  
Elibariki R. Mwakapeje ◽  
Bachana Rubegwa ◽  
Daniel T. Gebeyehu ◽  
Solange Niyigena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Food Animals

All infections are potentially curable as long as the etiological agents are susceptible to antimicrobials. The increased rate at which antimicrobials are becoming ineffective is a global health risk of increasing concern that threatens withdrawal of beneficial antimicrobials for disease control. The increased demand for food of animal origin, in particular eggs, meat and milk has led to intensification and commercial production systems where excessive use and misuse of antimicrobials may prevail. Antimicrobials, handled and used by farmers and animal attendants with no formal education, may be predisposed to incorrect dosages, misuse, incorrect applications and non-adherence to withdrawal periods. This study was conducted to assess the regulatory roles and governance of antimicrobials, establish the pattern and extent of their use, evaluate the antimicrobial residues and resistance in the food animals and crop agriculture value chains, and relate these findings to existing strategies in place for combating the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Tanzania. A multimethod approach (desk review, field study and interviews) was used. Relevant establishments were also visited. High levels of resistance to penicillin G, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and oxytetracycline have been reported, especially for Actinobacter pyogenes, Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococcus intermedius and Staphylococcus aureus from dairy cattle with mastitis and in humans. Similar trends were found in poultry where eggs and meat are contaminated with Escherichia coli strains resistant to amoxicillin + clavulanate, sulphamethoxazole and neomycin. An increasing trend of emerging multidrug resistant E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella was also found in food animals. An increase in methicillin resistant Staphlococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) in the livestock sector in Tanzania have been reported. The pathogens isolated in animals were resistant to ampicillin, augmentin, gentamicin, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, amoxicillin, streptomycin, nalidixic acid, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, tylosin, erythromycin, cefuroxime, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. An increased usage of antimicrobials for prophylaxis, and therapeutics against pathogens and for growth promotion in livestock, aquaculture and crop production were observed. A One Health strategic approach is advocated to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the food and agriculture sectors in Tanzania. Practical recommendations include (a) legislation review and implementation; (b) antimicrobial use (AMU), AMR and antimicrobial residue (AR) awareness and advocacy among stakeholders along the value chain; (c) strengthening of surveillance and monitoring programs for AMU, AMR and AR; (d) enhanced development and use of rapid and innovative diagnostic tests and the promotion of biosecurity principles; and (e) good husbandry practices. The utilization of this information to improve public health policies and reduce the burden of AMR will be beneficial.

scholarly journals Detection of the staphylococcal multiresistance gene cfr in Proteus vulgaris of food animal origin

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2521-2526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
C.-M. Wu ◽  
S. Schwarz ◽  
Z. Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Origin ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Food Animal

Development of an antibiotic resistance monitoring system in Hungary

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva J. Kaszanyitzky ◽  
A. Tarpai ◽  
Sz. Jánosi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Central Computer

Because of the rapid development and spread of antimicrobial resistance it is important that a system be established to monitor antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic zoonotic and commensal bacteria of animal origin. Susceptibility testing of bacteria from carcasses and different samples of animal origin has been carried out in veterinary institutes for a long time but by an inconsistent methodology. The disc diffusion method proposed by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) was introduced in all institutes in 1997. In order to obtain a coherent view of the antimicrobial resistance of bacteria a computer system was consulted, consisting of a central computer to store all data and some local computers attached to it through the network. At these local measuring stations computers are connected to a video camera, which displays the picture of Petri dishes on the monitor, and inhibition zone diameters of bacteria can be drawn with the mouse by the inspector. The software measures the diameters, evaluates whether or not the bacteria are sensitive, and stores the data. The evaluation is based upon the data of the NCCLS. The central computer can be connected to as many local computers with measuring stations as we wish, so it is suitable for an integrated system for monitoring trends in antimicrobial resistance of bacteria from animals, food and humans, facilitating comparison of the occurrence of resistance for each circumstance in the chain. It depends on the examiners which antibiotics they want to examine. Thirty-two different antibiotic panels were compiled, taking into consideration the active ingredients of medicinal products permitted for veterinary use in Hungary, natural resistance and cross-resistance, the mechanism of resistance and the animal species, i.e. which drugs were recommended for treatment in the given animal species, and the recommendations of the OIE Expert Group on Antimicrobial Resistance. The members of the panels can be changed any time, even during the measuring process. In addition to the inhibition zone diameters of bacteria the database also includes information about bacterial and animal species, the age of animals and the sample or organ where the bacteria are from. Since January 2001 the antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli, Salmonella, Campylobacter and Enterococcus strains isolated from the colons of slaughter cows, pigs and broiler chickens has also been examined. Each of the 19 counties of Hungary submits to the laboratory three tied colon samples from a herd of the above-mentioned animals every month.

Antimicrobial Resistance among Staphylococci of Animal Origin

2018 ◽  
pp. 127-157
Author(s):  
Stefan Schwarz ◽  
Andrea T. Feßler ◽  
Igor Loncaric ◽  
Congming Wu ◽  
Kristina Kadlec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Animal Origin

Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococcus spp. of animal origin

2018 ◽  
pp. 185-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Torres ◽  
Carla Andrea Alonso ◽  
Laura Ruiz-Ripa ◽  
Ricardo León-Sampedro ◽  
Rosa del Campo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Enterococcus Spp
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