scholarly journals Prostate Cancer, the Long Search for Etiologic and Therapeutic Factors: Dietary Supplementation Avoiding Invasive Treatment

10.5772/26134 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Tallberg ◽  
Faik Atroshi
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Therapeutic Factors ◽  
Invasive Treatment

Actinic cystitis: causes, treatment and experience of a single centre in the last five years

2017 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Mario S. Mangano ◽  
Alberto De Gobbi ◽  
Matteo Ciaccia ◽  
Claudio Lamon ◽  
Francesco Beniamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Pelvic Radiotherapy ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Care Surgery ◽  
Gross Haematuria ◽  
Clot Evacuation ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Introduction: Actinic cystitis (AC) is the manifestation of symptoms and signs following pelvic radiotherapy. Pelvic radiotherapy produces both acute and chronic damage and such damage may have a devastating impact on the quality and on the amount of life of the patient. Objectives: To evaluate the number of radical cystectomies that have become necessary in the last five years in our department for AC after radiation treatment. Materials and methods: From February 2012 to February 2017, 11 patients underwent “open” cystectomy for AC. All patients were studied with radiographic examinations and endoscopy prior to surgery. We retrospectively evaluated the type of primitive cancer, the radiation dose administered, the time between radiation treatment and cystectomy. We also studied the related symptoms that required surgery. Results: The mean age of patients at the time of cystectomy was 75 years. In six patients (54.4%) radiotherapy was performed for prostate cancer, for rectal cancer in two patients (18.1%), and for endometrial cancer in three patients (27.2%). Total radiant dose was different in different patients depending on the type and localization of cancer. The median time between radiotherapy and cystectomy was 111 months (24-256 months). All patients had symptoms before surgery. Seven patients (63.3%) with gross haematuria were treated with endoscopic clot evacuation and fulguration. Discussion: The first approach to patients with AC is often supportive care. Surgery remains the most invasive treatment in the management of those patients who are not responsive to conservative treatments.

scholarly journals Intracavernous injection in the treatment of erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy: an observational study

2001 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim de Almeida Claro ◽  
José Elêrton de Aboim ◽  
Marcelo Maríngolo ◽  
Enrico Andrade ◽  
Wilson Aguiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Prostaglandin E1 ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy ◽  
Injection Therapy ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Retropubic Prostatectomy

CONTEXT: Despite the recent improvements in performing radical retropubic prostatectomy that have led to a considerable decrease in the complication rate, erectile dysfunction still represents a major problem. Moreover, less invasive treatment options that are emerging for erectile dysfunction have not shown satisfactory results in managing these patients. OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy and side effects of self-injection therapy in the treatment of men who had become impotent after undergoing radical prostatectomy due to prostate cancer, over a study period of 96 months. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: University Referral Center. PARTICIPANTS: 168 patients with erectile dysfunction, aged 43 to 78 years old, who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy due to localized prostate cancer. PROCEDURES: The patients were treated with self-injection therapy using papaverine, phentolamine and prostaglandin E1, at home. RESULTS: This study showed an acceptable 94.6% success rate, with no life-threatening complications. In addition to this, our series presented a 13.1% cure rate with this therapy. CONCLUSION: Self-injection therapy with papaverine, phentolamine and prostaglandin E1 is effective and safe in the treatment of erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy.

scholarly journals Effects of high-frequency nanosecond pulses on prostate cancer cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander Kiełbik ◽  
Wojciech Szlasa ◽  
Vitalij Novickij ◽  
Anna Szewczyk ◽  
Magdalena Maciejewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Electric Pulses ◽  
Nanosecond Pulses

AbstractElectroporation with pulsed electric fields show a potential to be applied as an experimental focal therapy of tumors. Sub-microsecond regime of electric pulses displays unique electrophysical features operative in cells and membranes. Recently, MHz compression of nanosecond pulses electric fields (nsPEFs) bursts proved to enhance the effectiveness of the therapy. High morbidity of prostate cancer (PCa) and risk of overtreatment associated with this malignancy call for new minimal-invasive treatment alternative. Herein we present the in vitro study for developing applications based on this new technology. In this study, we used flow cytometric analysis, cell viability assay, caspase activity analysis, wound healing assay, confocal microscopy study, and immunofluorescence to investigate the biological effect of high-frequency nsPEFs on PCa cells. Our results show that high-frequency nsPEFs induces the permeabilization and cell death of PCa cells. The cytotoxicity is significantly enhanced in MHz compression of pulses and with the presence of extracellular Ca2+. High-frequency nsPEFs trigger changes in PCa cells’ cytoskeleton and their mobility. The presented data show a therapeutic potential of high-frequency nsPEFs in a PCa setting. The sub-microsecond regime of pulses can potentially be applied in nanosecond electroporation protocols for PCa treatment.

Active Surveillance for Incidental (cT1a/b) Prostate Cancer: Long-Term Outcomes of the Prospective Noninterventional HAROW Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jan Herden ◽  
Andreas Schwarte ◽  
Edith A. Boedefeld ◽  
Lothar Weissbach
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Incidental Prostate Cancer ◽  
Free Survival

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Optimal treatment for incidental prostate cancer (IPC) after surgical treatment for benign prostate obstruction is still debatable. We report on long-term outcomes of IPC patients managed with active surveillance (AS) in a German multicenter study. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> HAROW (2008–2013) was designed as a noninterventional, prospective, health-service research study for patients with localized prostate cancer (≤cT2), including patients with IPC (cT1a/b). A follow-up examination of all patients treated with AS was carried out. Overall, cancer-specific, and metastasis-free survival and discontinuation rates were determined. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of 210 IPC patients, 68 opted for AS and were available for evaluation. Fifty-four patients had cT1a category and 14 cT1b category. Median follow-up was 7.7 years (IQR: 5.7–9.1). Eight patients died of which 6 were still under AS or watchful waiting (WW). No PCa-specific death could be observed. One patient developed metastasis. Twenty-three patients (33.8%) discontinued AS changing to invasive treatment: 12 chose radical prostatectomy, 7 radiotherapy, and 4 hormonal treatment. Another 19 patients switched to WW. The Kaplan-Meier estimated 10-year overall, cancer-specific, metastasis-free, and intervention-free survival was 83.8% (95% CI: 72.2–95.3), 100%, 98.4% (95% CI: 95.3–99.9), and 61.0% (95% CI: 47.7–74.3), respectively. In multivariable analysis, age (RR: 0.97; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001), PSA density ≥0.2 ng/mL<sup>2</sup> (RR: 13.23; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001), and PSA ≥1.0 ng/mL after surgery (RR: 5.19; <i>p</i> = 0.016) were significantly predictive for receiving an invasive treatment. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In comparison with other AS series with a general low-risk prostate cancer population, our study confirmed the promising survival outcomes for IPC patients, whereas discontinuation rates seem to be lower for IPC. Thus, IPC patients at low risk of progression may be good candidates for AS.

Magnetically-actuated drug delivery device (MADDD) for minimally invasive treatment of prostate cancer: An in vivo animal pilot study

The Prostate ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (13) ◽  
pp. 1356-1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner J. Struss ◽  
Zheng Tan ◽  
Payam Zachkani ◽  
Igor Moskalev ◽  
John K. Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Minimally Invasive Treatment ◽  
Delivery Device ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Drug Delivery Device ◽  
Magnetically Actuated

scholarly journals Association of Obesity and Smoking With PSA and PSA Velocity in Men With Prostate Cancer

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit M. Algotar ◽  
Steven P. Stratton ◽  
James Ranger-Moore ◽  
M. Suzanne Stratton ◽  
C.H. Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Prostate Cancer Progression ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Psa Velocity ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Over Time

Significant number of prostate tumors are slow growing and could probably be left untreated. However, many are aggressive and can spread rapidly causing patient suffering and/or death. Current technology does not allow physicians to differentiate between slow growing and aggressive tumors at diagnosis. Hence, many patients are exposed to invasive treatment and its associated morbidities such as incontinence and impotence. Markers that enable differentiation between slow and fast progressing cancer will allow physicians to prevent unnecessary treatments on men who may not need them, and focus on the men with aggressive disease. A longitudinal study was conducted ( N = 140) using mixed effects regression models to determine the association of obesity and smoking toward prostate cancer progression. These models account for correlation because of repeated measures over time, thus, using maximum amount of information provided by the subject. Estimates thus obtained are more robust and reliable than those obtained using data from a single time point. Rate of change of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) over time (PSA velocity) was used as a measure of prostate cancer progression. Results indicate that PSA velocity of overweight and obese subjects (0.59 and 1.05 ng/mL/year) was not significantly different as compared with normal weight subjects ( p values .91 and .31, respectively). For men in the highest tertile of pack-years of smoking, PSA velocity was significantly higher as compared with never smokers 1.57 ng/mL/year ( p = .04). Further studies with larger sample sizes and study designs specific to above exposures are needed before recommendations can be made to reduce weight or reduce/quit smoking.

scholarly journals PSA density of the lesion: a mathematical formula that uses clinical and pathological data to predict biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEDRO HENRIQUE REZENDE JUNQUEIRA ◽  
GABRIEL ARANTES DOS SANTOS ◽  
MARCELO XAVIER ◽  
POLIANA ROMÃO ◽  
SABRINA REIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Biochemical Recurrence ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Surgical Specimen ◽  
Mathematical Formula ◽  
Psa Density ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Total Psa

ABSTRACT A main challenge in the clinical management of prostate cancer is to identify which tumor is aggressive and needs invasive treatment. Thus, being able to predict which cancer will progress to biochemical recurrence is a great strategy to stratify prostate cancer patients. With that in mind, we created a mathematical formula that takes into account the patients clinical and pathological data resulting in a quantitative variable, called PSA density of the lesion, which has the potential to predict biochemical recurrence. To test if our variable is able to predict biochemical recurrence, we use a cohort of 219 prostate cancer patients, associating our new variable and classic parameters of prostate cancer with biochemical recurrence. Total PSA, lesion weight, volume and classic PSA density were positively associated with biochemical recurrence (p<0.05). ISUP score was also associated with biochemical recurrence in both biopsy and surgical specimen (p<0.001). The increase of PSA density of the lesion was significantly associated with the biochemical recurrence (p=0.03). Variables derived from the formula, PSA 15% and PSA 152, were also positive associated with the biochemical recurrence (p=0.01 and p=0.002 respectively). Logistic regression analysis shows that classic PSA density, PSA density of the lesion and total PSA, together, can explain up to 13% of cases of biochemical recurrence. PSA density of the lesion alone would have the ability to explain up to 7% of cases of biochemical recurrence. In conclusion, this new mathematical approach could be a useful tool to predict disease recurrence in prostate cancer.

Relationship of oral glycine with radiation-induced HIF1-alpha and tumor growth delay in a prostate cancer xenograft.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 81-81
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Riley Kessler ◽  
Lih-Jen Su ◽  
Xiaoping Yang ◽  
Cem Altunbas ◽  
Thomas W. Flaig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Growth Delay ◽  
Tumor Growth Delay ◽  
Clinical Role ◽  
Radiation Induced

81 Background: Preclinical studies have shown that nitric oxide (NO) is produced by upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in activated macrophages recruited to the site of cytotoxic injury from radiation or chemotherapy. NO stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1α), leading to increased vascular endothelial growth factor, thus promoting tumor angiogenesis as a recovery mechanism from the initial cytotoxic insult. Because glycine (G) suppresses macrophage activation, we hypothesized that dietary supplementation with G would inhibit HIF1α expression and enhance tumor growth delay by preventing recovery angiogenesis. Methods: PC3 cells were transfected with a HIF1α-inducible luciferase reporter and grown as nude mice xenografts. As tumors grew to 100mm3, mice were continued in 1 of 4 conditions: 1) control (C) diet ; 2) a 5%G diet; 3) C diet with ad libitum drinking water treated with L-NAME (500mg/L), an iNOS inhibitor; or 4) C diet with a single injection of carrageenan (2mg/500uL), a selective macrophagicidal agent. After 3 days tumors were irradiated with 0 Gy (sham) or 6 Gy using a 160kV source. Tumor growth and quantitative bioluminescence data were then collected (n = 4 mice/group). Results: HIF1α expression as assessed by bioluminescence increased more than two fold 4-6 days after 6 Gy (p<0.05) in the C diet group but did not significantly increase in either the L-NAME, 5%G , or carrageenan groups. Tumor growth curves for the 6 Gy L-NAME and 5%G diet groups showed a corresponding statistically significant growth delay compared to 6 Gy C diet. No clear difference in bioluminescence or growth was noted in any 0 Gy cohort. Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis that radiation injury indirectly upregulates HIF1α via an iNOS dependent pathway. Inhibition of this pathway can enhance in vivo radiation-induced tumor growth delay and can be achieved via dietary supplementation with G. Thus, dietary G supplementation might have a clinical role for patients treated with radiotherapy for prostate cancer as a non-toxic means of achieving radiosensitization.

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