scholarly journals Thyroid Cancer in the Pediatric Population

10.5772/25360 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silva Frieda ◽  
Nieves-Rivera Francisco ◽  
Laguna Reinaldo
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Pediatric Population

scholarly journals Thyroid Cancer in the Pediatric Population

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera A. Paulson ◽  
Erin R. Rudzinski ◽  
Douglas S. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Medullary Carcinoma ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Recommendations ◽  
Pediatric Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid cancer is rare in the pediatric population, but thyroid carcinomas occurring in children carry a unique set of clinical, pathologic, and molecular characteristics. In comparison to adults, children more often present with aggressive, advanced stage disease. This is at least in part due to the underlying biologic and molecular differences between pediatric and adult thyroid cancer. Specifically, papillary thyroid carcinoma (which accounts for approximately 90% of pediatric thyroid cancer) has a high rate of gene fusions which influence the histologic subtypes encountered in pediatric thyroid tumors, are associated with more extensive extrathyroidal disease, and offer unique options for targeted medical therapies. Differences are also seen in pediatric follicular thyroid cancer, although there are few studies of non-papillary pediatric thyroid tumors published in the literature due to their rarity, and in medullary carcinoma, which is most frequently diagnosed in the pediatric population in the setting of prophylactic thyroidectomies for known multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes. The overall shift in the spectrum of histotypes and underlying molecular alterations common in pediatric thyroid cancer is important to recognize as it may directly influence diagnostic test selection and therapeutic recommendations.

Clinical study of thyroid cancer among a pediatric population born after Chernobyl (first report)

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6069-6069
Author(s):  
M. B. Gorobeiko ◽  
O. S. Larin ◽  
S. M. Cherenko
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Polluted Area ◽  
Follicular Variant ◽  
Regional Metastases ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

6069 Background: To evaluate the clinical and patologic results of surgical treatment of children born after Chernobyl and to compare these findings with well-known data of the group of patients who were children at the time of Chernobyl. To compare the clinical and pathologic features of thyroid cancer of children born after the Chernobyl versus those born prior to 1986. Methods: Comparison of clinical and pathologic result of surgical treatment of 141 patients born after Chernobyl (Group 1) and 589 patients (Group 2) aged 0–18 at the time of the disaster (1986) among the single institution clinical cohort within years 1995–2005. Results: In Group 1 there were 31 cancers (22%) vs. 243 (41%) in Group 2 (p<0.05 between Group 1 and Group 2). The rate of extrathyroid invasion was 69% vs. 36% (p<0.05 between Group 1 and Group 2). In Group 1, 17/21(80%) patients with extrathyroid invasion were found to have regional neck metastases (8 unilateral, 9 bilateral).The mean age in this subgroup was 13.4 ± 2.11 years but in the “benign subgroup” of Group 1 the mean age is 16.2 ± 0.77 years.In Group 2, 49/88 (55%) patients with extrathyroid invasion only had regional metastases. The mean age in this subgroup is 31.1 ± 4.7 years (p<0.05 between Group 1 and Group 2). We found cancer multifocality in 1 patient (3%, Group 1) vs. 55 (23%, Group 2).There were 19 cases (13.5%) of atypical adenomas in Group 1 vs. 46 (8%) in Group 2 (p<0.05 between Group 1 and Group 2). Histological types: solid follicular variant of papillary carcinoma (typical for radiation-induced children carcinomas with short latency) was found in 3 cases in Group 1 (9.5%) vs. 76 (31%) in the Group 2 (p<0.05 between Group 1 and Group 2). There was only one case of follicular thyroid cancer in Group 1 (3%) vs. 9% in Group 2. We did not find any relationship of cases of cancer in Group 1 to the Chernobyl-polluted area (only 3 patients − 10% from the nearest to Chernobyl regions) vs. 192 patients (80%) in Group 2 (p<0.05 between Group 1 and Group 2). Among patients with tumors of uncertain malignant potential 9 patients (6%) were from Chernobyl-polluted area vs.72% in Group 2 (p<0.05 between Group 1 and Group 2). Conclusions: Our data demonstrates higher likelihood of aggressive well-differentiated thyroid cancer among a pediatric population independently from Chernobyl irradiation and connected with another etiological factors of genesis of tumor.The solid-follicular variant of papillary cancer and multifocality are typical for radiation-induced carcinoma in children. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Pediatric Thyroid Cancer in Europe: An Overdiagnosed Condition? A Literature Review

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreea-Ioana Stefan ◽  
Andra Piciu ◽  
Alexandru Mester ◽  
Dragos Apostu ◽  
Marius Badan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Therapeutic Guidelines ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Histopathological Type ◽  
Pediatric Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid neoplastic pathology is the most common form of cancer associated with radiation exposure. The most common histopathological type of thyroid carcinoma is the differentiated thyroid cancer (these include papillary and follicular type), which represents over 90% of all cases, especially affecting girls rather than boys. Although patients are diagnosed in advanced stages as compared to adults, the prognosis of the disease is very good, with a 30-year survival rate of over 95% but post-therapeutic morbidity remains quite high. The treatment is based in particular on the therapeutic guidelines for adults, but as children have some histopathological and genetic characteristics of thyroid cancer, as well as different initial clinical presentations, we decided to review the literature on this pathology among the pediatric population, focusing on cases in Europe. The major interest is the impact of the Chernobyl accident.

Thyroid cancer in pediatric population in Romania : 30-year aft Chernobyl accident at Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricut”

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-197
Author(s):  
O. Diop ◽  
C. Peştean ◽  
E. Bathily ◽  
E. Bãrbuş ◽  
M. Mbodj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Chernobyl Accident ◽  
Pediatric Population

Clinical characteristics, surgical approach, BRAFV600E mutation and sodium iodine symporter expression in pediatric patients with thyroid carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1457-1463
Author(s):  
Paula Castro ◽  
Esteban Patiño ◽  
Fernando Fierro ◽  
Carolina Rojas ◽  
Giancarlo Buitrago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Braf V600e ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Brafv600e Mutation ◽  
Mutational Status ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

AbstractObjectivesThyroid cancer is the most common endocrine neoplasm in childhood. There are few studies characterizing pediatric population in Colombia. We intend to detail the clinical, histological characteristics, BRAFV600E mutational status and NIS (sodium-iodine symporter) expression of children with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) managed at Hospital de La Misericordia.MethodsMedical records of the Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pathology from 2009 to 2018 were scrutinized in search of cases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. A descriptive analysis was made. Paraffin embedded tumoral tissue was recovered to assess BRAF V600E mutational status by PCR and NIS expression by immunohistochemistry.ResultsSixteen patients were selected, 81.2% were girls. Average age of presentation was 11.8 years. Only one patient had previous radiation exposure. Most frequent symptom was cervical adenopathy with a mean time of 29.2 weeks before diagnosis. 93.7% underwent total thyroidectomy and lymphadenectomy. 62.5% were PTC combining both classic and follicular pattern. 6.25% cases had BRAFV600E mutation and 25% showed NIS focal reactivity.ConclusionsWe found greater female predominance, lower percentage of risk factors described and a high percentage of patients requiring aggressive surgical treatment. We consider important to contemplate thyroid cancer as a differential diagnosis of cervical lymph node enlargement in children. Diagnosis can be challenging in benign and indeterminate categories of the FNA cytology and biomolecular profiles such as BRAF and NIS could be determinant in guiding treatment. More studies with larger sample size, complete genetic analysis, evaluation to iodine response and long term follow up are required.

scholarly journals Pediatric Thyroid Cancer: To Whom Do You Send the Referral?

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4416
Author(s):  
Allison Keane ◽  
Darrin V. Bann ◽  
Meghan N. Wilson ◽  
David Goldenberg
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Lower Complication ◽  
General Surgeons ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Pediatric Thyroid Cancer

Pediatric thyroid cancer is rare, but increasing in annual incidence. Differentiated thyroid cancer in pediatric patients is treated surgically. Pediatric thyroidectomies are performed by general surgeons, otolaryngologists, general pediatric surgeons, and pediatric otolaryngologists. In a comprehensive literature review, we discuss the evidence supporting the importance of surgeon subspecialty and surgeon volume on outcomes for pediatric thyroid cancer patients. Pediatric general surgeons and pediatric otolaryngologists perform most pediatric thyroidectomies. Certain subpopulations specifically benefit from a combined approach of a pediatric surgeon and a high-volume thyroid surgeon. The correlation between high-volume surgeons and lower complication rates in adult thyroid surgery applies to the pediatric population; however, the definition of high-volume for pediatric thyroidectomies requires further investigation. The development of dedicated pediatric thyroid malignancy centers and multidisciplinary or dual-surgeon approaches are advantageous.

scholarly journals Laryngeal Neural Monitoring during Pediatric Thyroid Cancer Surgery—Is Transcartilage Recording a Preferable Method?

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4051
Author(s):  
Tzu-Yen Huang ◽  
Hoon-Yub Kim ◽  
Gianlorenzo Dionigi ◽  
I-Cheng Lu ◽  
Pi-Ying Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Cancer Surgery ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Signal Stability ◽  
Emg Amplitude ◽  
Single Center Study ◽  
Neural Monitoring ◽  
Pediatric Thyroid Cancer

The use of transcartilage (TC) intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) in a pediatric population has not been reported. This study evaluated the feasibility and the benefit of using TC-IONM for thyroid cancer surgery in a pediatric population. This retrospective single-center study enrolled 33 pediatric patients who had received an IONM-assisted thyroidectomy. Demographic characteristics, standardized IONM laryngeal examinations and stimulation information (L1-V1-R1-R2-V2-L2) were compared between endotracheal tube (ET) and TC methods. In the 15 cancer patients (30 nerves), TC-IONM provided significant higher electromyography (EMG) amplitude (p < 0.001), signal stability (lower V1/V2 signal correlation, r = 0.955 vs. r = 0.484, p = 0.004), signal quality (higher ratio of V1 or V2 amplitude <500µV, 0.0% vs. 43.8%, p = 0.005) and lower R1-R2p change (7.1% vs. 37.5%, p = 0.049) compared to ET-IONM. In the 18 benign patients (28 nerves), TC-IONM provided significantly higher EMG amplitude (p < 0.001), signal stability (r = 0.945 vs. r = 0.746, p = 0.0324) and non-significant higher signal quality and R1-R2p change. This report is the first to discuss the use of TC-IONM in pediatric thyroid surgery. In contrast with ET-IONM, TC-IONM had superior amplitude, stability and quality of EMG signals, which greatly facilitates the meticulous recurrent laryngeal nerve dissection in pediatric thyroidectomies. The TC-IONM method can be considered a feasible, effective and preferable method of monitored thyroidectomy in pediatric thyroid cancer.

Surgery of the Thyroid in Children: Current Trends in Practice

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Alanna M Windsor ◽  
Eleanor P Kiell ◽  
Eric E Berg ◽  
Ken Kazahaya
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
American Thyroid Association ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Current Trends

ABSTRACT Thyroid surgery in the pediatric population is performed for a variety of benign and malignant conditions, including thyroid nodules, hyperthyroidism, goiter, and thyroid cancer. Thyroid nodules, though uncommon in children, are more likely to be malignant than in adults and require careful evaluation with history, imaging, thyroid function tests and often ultrasoundguided biopsy to determine which nodules will require further interventions. The treatment of thyroid malignancy is primarily surgical, though the extent of surgery is an area of active debate. Moreover, thyroid surgery in children may have a higher rate of complications, and a number proposals have been suggested to mitigate these risks. The guidelines developed by the 2015 American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Pediatric Thyroid Cancer are a helpful tool in directing the medical and surgical management of these complex patients, and provide a method for stratification of patient risk for recurrent disease. Children with thyroid disease are recommended to be cared for using a multidisciplinary approach and by providers and facilities experienced in management of pediatric patients. Surgery should be performed by surgeons experienced in pediatric cervical procedures. The objective of this review is to describe the range of thyroid disease affecting pediatric patients, examine current diagnostic algorithms, and discuss common treatment approaches, including the role for both surgery and adjunctive therapies. How to cite this article Windsor AM, Kiell EP, Berg EE, Kazahaya K. Surgery of the Thyroid in Children: Current Trends in Practice. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(2):57-63.

scholarly journals Thyroid Cancer Risk Factors in Children with Thyroid Nodules: A One-Center Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 4455
Author(s):  
Iwona Ben-Skowronek ◽  
Joanna Sieniawska ◽  
Emilia Pach ◽  
Wiktoria Wrobel ◽  
Anna Skowronek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Average Group ◽  
Therapeutic Algorithms ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Risk

Thyroid nodules are common in the adult population (13%), but in childhood, they are relatively rarely diagnosed (0.2–5%). The risk factors and diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms are well-known and effectively used in adults, but no clear procedures supported by scientific research are available in the pediatric population. Our aim in this study was to identify predictive factors for thyroid cancer in a pediatric population. We retrospectively analyzed 112 children (80 girls and 32 boys, aged 0.6–18 years, with an average group age of 13.4 ± 4.5 years) with thyroid nodules who presented or were referred between 2010 and 2021. A total of 37 children qualified for partial or total thyroidectomy. After histopathological nodule examination, the most common cases were benign lesions in 23 patients (57.5%) and malignant lesions in 14 children (32.5%). Solitary benign thyroid nodules were found in 16 children (40%). Malignancy risk was higher in children with increased nodule diameter (greater than 7 mm; p = 0.018) or hypoechogenic lesions in ultrasound (p = 0.010), with no correlation between increased blood flow in the vessels and tumor diagnosis. The relative risk of developing thyroid cancer for class III was found to be higher in comparison to adults and 11.1 times higher than for classes I and II combined.

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