scholarly journals Bioindicators and Biomarkers in the Assessment of Soil Toxicity

10.5772/25042 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmem Silvia ◽  
Larissa Rosa ◽  
Raphael Bastao de Souza ◽  
Danielli Giuliano ◽  
Guilherme Thiago
Keyword(s):  
Soil Toxicity

scholarly journals Role of Autochthonous Filamentous Fungi in Bioremediation of a Soil Historically Contaminated with Aromatic Hydrocarbons

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D'Annibale ◽  
F. Rosetto ◽  
V. Leonardi ◽  
F. Federici ◽  
M. Petruccioli
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Soil Toxicity ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Lignin Peroxidases ◽  
Ph Conditions

ABSTRACT Nine fungal strains isolated from an aged and heavily contaminated soil were identified and screened to assess their degradative potential. Among them, Allescheriella sp. strain DABAC 1, Stachybotrys sp. strain DABAC 3, and Phlebia sp. strain DABAC 9 were selected for remediation trials on the basis of Poly R-478 decolorization associated with lignin-modifying enzyme (LME) production. These autochthonous fungi were tested for the abilities to grow under nonsterile conditions and to degrade various aromatic hydrocarbons in the same contaminated soil. After 30 days, fungal colonization was clearly visible and was confirmed by ergosterol determination. In spite of subalkaline pH conditions and the presence of heavy metals, the autochthonous fungi produced laccase and Mn and lignin peroxidases. No LME activities were detected in control microcosms. All of the isolates led to a marked removal of naphthalene, dichloroaniline isomers, o-hydroxybiphenyl, and 1,1′-binaphthalene. Stachybotrys sp. strain DABAC 3 was the most effective isolate due to its ability to partially deplete the predominant contaminants 9,10-anthracenedione and 7H-benz[DE]anthracen-7-one. A release of chloride ions was observed in soil treated with either Allescheriella sp. strain DABAC 1 or Stachybotrys sp. strain DABAC 3, suggesting the occurrence of oxidative dehalogenation. The autochthonous fungi led to a significant decrease in soil toxicity, as assessed by both the Lepidium sativum L. germination test and the Collembola mortality test.

scholarly journals Review of Heavy Metals Pollution in China in Agricultural and Urban Soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eshetu Shifaw
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
National Level ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Soil Toxicity

Background. The concentrations of heavy metals in soil and potential risks to the environment and public health are receiving increased attention in China. Objectives. The objective of this paper is to review and analyze heavy metals soil contamination in urban and agricultural areas and on a national scale in China. Methods. Initially, data on soil heavy metals concentration levels were gathered from previous studies and narratively analyzed. A further statistical analysis was performed using the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI), mean, standard deviation (SD), skewness and kurtosis. Pollution levels were calculated and tabulated to illustrate overall spatial variations. In addition, pollution sources, remedial measures and impact of soil contamination as well as limitations are addressed. Results. The concentration level of heavy metals was above the natural background level in most areas of China. The problem was more prevalent in urban soils than agricultural soils. At the national level, the soil in most of the southern provinces and Beijing were heavily polluted. Even though the pollution condition based on Igeo was promising, the Nemerow integrated pollution level was the most worrisome. The soils in about 53% of the provinces were moderately to heavily polluted (NIPI>2). The effects were noticed in terms of both public and ecological health risks. The major sources were waste gas, wastewater, and hazardous residuals from factories and agricultural inputs such as pesticides. Efforts have been made to reduce the concentrations and health risks of heavy metals, including policy interventions, controlling contamination sources, reducing the phytoavailability of heavy metals, selecting and rearing of grain cultivars with low risk of contamination, paddy water and fertilizer management, land use changes, phytoremediation and engineering techniques. Conclusions. China is experiencing rapid economic and technological advancements. This increases the risk of heavy metals contamination of soil. If serious attention is not paid to this problem, soil toxicity and biological accumulation will continue to threaten the sustainability of China's development. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests

scholarly journals Influence of Man's Activities Level on the Toxicity of Soddy Podzolic Soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
П.А. Котяк
Keyword(s):  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Soddy Podzolic Soil ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Toxicity ◽  
General Toxicity ◽  
The Status ◽  
Medium Toxicity ◽  
Spring Rape

Представлены результаты исследования уровня общей токсичности и микробного токсикоза дерново-подзолистой глееватой почвы при антропогенной нагрузке. Изучение токсичности почвы особенно актуально в агроценозах, где человек в значительной мере регулирует условия произрастания растений. Использование показателей токсичности при оценке агротехнических приёмов позволяет усовершенствовать существующие технологии, чтобы избежать нежелательных сопутствующих эффектов при агрогенном воздействии на агроэкосистемы. Сравнительный анализ полученных результатов показал, что почва опытного участка в начале вегетации имела класс средней и низкой токсичности (индекс токсичности фактора (ИТФ) от 0,63 до 0,82), а в конце вегетации – класс высокой и средней токсичности (ИТФ от 0,35 до 0,55). Оценка микробиологической токсичности почвы исследуемых вариантов опыта по всхожести семян тест-культуры показала в основном средний уровень микробного токсикоза: 69,75% – на индуцированных образцах, 60,97% – на контрольных образцах. Урожайность зелёной массы ярового рапса находилась на невысоком уровне, что могло быть связано с неблагоприятными погодными условиями вегетационного периода и варьировала в пределах от 76 до 218 ц/га. Проведённые исследования по установлению влияния антропогенной нагрузки на токсический статус дерново-подзолистой почвы в условиях Ярославской области показали, что лучшими характеристиками обладают варианты: система отвальной обработки почвы, фон «Органо-минеральный субстрат + NPK» как с внесением гербицида, так и без его применения при возделывании ярового рапса. В этих условиях снижается общая токсичность почвы, статус микробного токсикоза не меняется, что позволяет сохранять почвенное плодородие, иметь оптимальное фитосанитарное состояние и получать качественный урожай выращиваемых культур. The results of the research of general toxicity level and microbial toxicosis of soddy podzolic gleyic soil at man-caused load are presented. The study of soil toxicity is especially important in agrocenoses, where a person largely regulates the conditions of plant growth. The use of toxicity indicators in assessing agricultural practices allows improving existing technologies in order to avoid undesirable concomitant effects during agrogenic effects on agroecosystems. A comparative analysis of the obtained results showed that the soil of the test area at the beginning of the growing season had a medium and low toxicity class (factor toxicity index (FTI) from 0.63 to 0.82) and at the end of the growing season it had a high and medium toxicity class (FTI from 0.35 to 0.55). Assessment of the microbiological toxicity of the soil of test variants under investigation by seed germination of the test-crop showed mainly the average level of microbial toxicosis: 69.75% on the induced samples, 60.97% on the control samples. The yield of green mass of spring rape was at a low level, which could be associated with unfavorable weather conditions of the growing season and varied from 76 to 218 hkg / ha. Researches conducted to establish influence of man's activities on the toxic status of soddy podzolic soil in the conditions of the Yaroslavl region showed that the best characteristics are options: a system of moldboard tillage, background "Organic-mineral substrate + NPK" both with the herbicide application and without its use in the cultivation of spring rape. Under these conditions the general toxicity of the soil decreases, the status of microbial toxicosis does not change which allows maintaining soil fertility, having an optimal phytosanitary condition and obtaining a quality yield of crops grown.

Response of the green June beetle and its gut microbiome to RDX and phenanthrene

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Jung ◽  
Matthew Carr ◽  
Eric Fleischman ◽  
Chandler Roesch
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
The United States ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Soil Toxicity ◽  
Intimate Contact ◽  
Animal Development ◽  
Bacterial Microbiome ◽  
Green June Beetle ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Survival Studies

Green June beetles are a cosmopolitan pest in the United States. Adults are voracious consumers of tree and vine fruit, while their larvae can dam-age and inadvertently consume root systems, particularly those of grasses, as they move through the soil and forage for detritus. Larvae ingest and process large volumes of soil while in the process of feeding. Due to their intimate contact with the soil it was hypothesized that soil contaminants that are known animal toxins would perturb the larval and affect their overall health and survival. Studies of this kind are important contribu-tions to the development of new model organisms and our understanding of interactions between the environment, contaminants, gut microbiome, and animal development, health, and survival. It is important to continue to develop relevant model organisms for monitoring toxicity as regulations for working with vertebrates becomes more prohibitive. In this study green June beetle larvae were exposed to RDX and phenanthrene through-out their entire soil-bound development, starting within the first few days of hatching through to their emergence as adults. The overall findings included that even at high concentrations, RDX and phenanthrene (25 ppm) exerted no significant effect on body weight or survival. Also, there was lit-tle apparent effect of RDX and phenanthrene on the bacterial microbiome, and no statistical association with measurable health effects. Nevertheless, the green June beetle is an interesting model for soil toxicity experiments in the future as is it easy to collect, house, and handle.

scholarly journals Ecological niche distribution along soil toxicity gradients: Bridging theoretical expectations and metallophyte conservation

2020 ◽  
Vol 415 ◽  
pp. 108861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Boisson ◽  
Arnaud Monty ◽  
Maxime Séleck ◽  
Mylor Ngoy Shutcha ◽  
Michel-Pierre Faucon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Soil Toxicity

Using Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans in Soil Toxicity Testing

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber L. Graves ◽  
Windy A. Boyd ◽  
Phillip L. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Soil Toxicity
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