Evolution of GPI-Aspartyl Proteinases (Yapsines) of Candida spp

10.5772/23456 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berenice Parra-Ortega ◽  
Lourdes Villa-Tanaca ◽  
Cesar Hernandez-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Candida Spp ◽  
Aspartyl Proteinases

Opportunistic yeast pathogen Candida spp.: Secreted and membrane-bound virulence factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Jie Lim ◽  
Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali ◽  
Suriana Sabri ◽  
Noor Dina Muhd Noor ◽  
Abu Bakar Salleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Structural Investigations ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Aspartyl Proteinases

Abstract Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida spp. especially Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. Although the medicinal therapeutic strategies have rapidly improved, the mortality rate due to candidiasis has continuously increased. The secreted and membrane-bound virulence factors (VFs) are responsible for fungal invasion, damage and translocation through the host enterocytes besides the evasion from host immune system. VFs such as agglutinin-like sequences (Als), heat shock protein 70, phospholipases, secreted aspartyl proteinases (Sap), lipases, enolases and phytases are mostly hydrolases which degrade the enterocyte membrane components except for candidalysin, the VF acts as a peptide toxin to induce necrotic cell lysis. To date, structural studies of the VFs remain underexplored, hindering their functional analyses. Among the VFs, only secreted aspartyl proteinases and agglutinin-like sequences have their structures deposited in Protein Data Bank (PDB). Therefore, this review scrutinizes the mechanisms of these VFs by discussing the VF-deficient studies of several Candida spp. and their abilities to produce these VFs. Nonetheless, their latest reported sequential and structural analyses are discussed to impart a wider perception of the host-pathogen interactions and potential vaccine or antifungal drug targets. This review signifies that more VFs structural investigations and mining in the emerging Candida spp. are required to decipher their pathogenicity and virulence mechanisms compared to the prominent C. albicans. Lay Abstract Candida virulence factors (VFs) including mainly enzymes and proteins play vital roles in breaching the human intestinal barrier and causing deadly candidiasis. Limited VFs’ structural studies hinder deeper comprehension of their mechanisms and thus the design of vaccines and antifungal drugs against fungal infections.

scholarly journals Impact of N-Chlorotaurine on Viability and Production of Secreted Aspartyl Proteinases of Candida spp

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1996-1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Nagl ◽  
Andreas Gruber ◽  
Anita Fuchs ◽  
Claudia P. Lell ◽  
Eva-Maria Lemberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Fungal Virulence ◽  
Postantifungal Effect ◽  
Aspartyl Proteinases

ABSTRACT N-Chlorotaurine, an endogenous long-lived oxidant, demonstrated fungicidal activity against Candida spp. and a postantifungal effect. Secreted aspartyl proteinases, important fungal virulence factors, proved to be a first target of impact. These results provide support for the topical application of N-chlorotaurine as an antimicrobial agent in yeast infections.

scholarly journals Degradation of human kininogens with the release of kinin peptides by extracellular proteinases of Candida spp.

2010 ◽  
Vol 391 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rapala-Kozik ◽  
Justyna Karkowska-Kuleta ◽  
Agnieszka Ryzanowska ◽  
Anna Golda ◽  
Anna Barbasz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Ph Dependence ◽  
Host Organism ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Associated Production ◽  
Kinin Receptors ◽  
Extracellular Proteinases ◽  
Aspartyl Proteinases

AbstractThe secretion of proteolytic enzymes by pathogenic microorganisms is one of the most successful strategies used by pathogens to colonize and infect the host organism. The extracellular microbial proteinases can seriously deregulate the homeostatic proteolytic cascades of the host, including the kinin-forming system, repeatedly reported to be activated during bacterial infection. The current study assigns a kinin-releasing activity to secreted proteinases ofCandidaspp. yeasts, the major fungal pathogens of humans. Of severalCandidaspecies studied,C. parapsilosisandC. albicansin their invasive filamentous forms are shown to produce proteinases which most effectively degrade proteinaceous kinin precursors, the kininogens. These enzymes, classified as aspartyl proteinases, have the highest kininogen-degrading activity at low pH (approx. 3.5), but the associated production of bradykinin-related peptides from a small fraction of kininogen molecules is optimal at neutral pH (6.5). The peptides effectively interact with cellular B2-type kinin receptors. Moreover, kinin-related peptides capable of interacting with inflammation-induced B1-type receptors are also formed, but with a reversed pH dependence. The presented variability of the potential extracellular kinin production by secreted aspartyl proteinases ofCandidaspp. is consistent with the known adaptability of these opportunistic pathogens to different niches in the host organism.

Candida spp. en la microbiota intestinal de las personas con autismo: revisión sistemática

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (01) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Pedro Andreo Martínez ◽  
Nuria García Martínez ◽  
Joaquín Quesada Medina ◽  
Elvira Pilar Sánchez Samper ◽  
Agustín Ernesto Martínez González
Keyword(s):  
Candida Spp ◽  
Revisión Sistemática

The effect of some chemical materials against virulence factors of Candida ssp isolated from UTI patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Abdul Hussein Mejbel
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Chemical Materials

 During the period from September 2016 to December 2017,135 urine samples were collected from urinary tract infection patients attending to AL-Zahraa Hospital in AL-Najaf Governorate. The present study was conducted to isolate and identify Candida spp. isolated from urinary tract infection patients by different methods including direct examination, laboratory culture, biochemical test and by modern techniques (Api Candida kit) and determine the virulence factors phenotypic to Candida spp which involved (biofilm formation,phospholipase and germ tube). The percentage of females to males was as following, female (84) 62.2 % (21) infected and male (51) 37.8% (1) infected with all age categories. The results in this study are explain that is some Candida spp. such as C. albicans, have high susceptible to eugenole follow by phenol and umbellulone. The efficiency of some chemical substances such as (eugenole,umbellulone, and phenol) was evaluated to inhibit the growth of Candida ssp as well as some virulence factors such as biofilm formation,germ tube and phospholipase,which were studied in this research. Statistically analysis results have been significance difference between the results of the substance concentrations and the concentrations of the different other substances.

THE EFFECT OF CHLOROPHYLLIPTUM SOLUTION ON THE ADHESIVENESS OF CANDIDA SPP.

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (68) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
M. M. Ananieva ◽  
M. O. Faustova ◽  
L. M. Sizova ◽  
R. O. Reva
Keyword(s):  
Candida Spp
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