Analiza epidemiologiczna i ocena lekowrażliwości in vitro na mykafunginę klinicznych szczepów candida spp. wywołujących fungemie u pacjentów hospitalizowanych w oddziale intensywnej terapii

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-161
Author(s):  
Beata Sulik-Tyszka ◽  
Justyna Cieślik ◽  
Grzegorz Niewiński ◽  
Marta Wróblewska
Keyword(s):  
Candida Spp

scholarly journals Prevalence and Impact of Biofilms on Bloodstream and Urinary Tract Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
Henrique Pinto ◽  
Manuel Simões ◽  
Anabela Borges
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Treatment Interventions ◽  
Statistical Confidence ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Tract Infections

This study sought to assess the prevalence and impact of biofilms on two commonly biofilm-related infections, bloodstream and urinary tract infections (BSI and UTI). Separated systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies were carried out in PubMed and Web of Sciences databases from January 2005 to May 2020, following PRISMA protocols. Studies were selected according to specific and defined inclusion/exclusion criteria. The obtained outcomes were grouped into biofilm production (BFP) prevalence, BFP in resistant vs. susceptible strains, persistent vs. non-persistent BSI, survivor vs. non-survivor patients with BSI, and catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI) vs. non-CAUTI. Single-arm and two-arm analyses were conducted for data analysis. In vitro BFP in BSI was highly related to resistant strains (odds ratio-OR: 2.68; 95% confidence intervals-CI: 1.60–4.47; p < 0.01), especially for methicillin-resistant Staphylococci. BFP was also highly linked to BSI persistence (OR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.28–5.48; p < 0.01) and even to mortality (OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.53–2.74; p < 0.01). Candida spp. was the microorganism group where the highest associations were observed. Biofilms seem to impact Candida BSI independently from clinical differences, including treatment interventions. Regarding UTI, multi-drug resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing strains of Escherichia coli, were linked to a great BFP prevalence (OR: 2.92; 95% CI: 1.30–6.54; p < 0.01 and OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.33–5.86; p < 0.01). More in vitro BFP was shown in CAUTI compared to non-CAUTI, but with less statistical confidence (OR: 2.61; 95% CI: 0.67–10.17; p < 0.17). This study highlights that biofilms must be recognized as a BSI and UTI resistance factor as well as a BSI virulence factor.

scholarly journals Polishing the Therapy of Onychomycosis Induced by Candida spp.: Amphotericin B–Loaded Nail Lacquer

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 784
Author(s):  
Aleph M. S. Souza ◽  
Renato C. A. Ribeiro ◽  
Gleyse K. L. O. Pinheiro ◽  
Francisco I. Pinheiro ◽  
Wógenes N. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Drug Bioavailability ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Analytical Method Validation ◽  
Nail Lacquer ◽  
In Vitro Adhesion

Onychomycosis induced by Candida spp. has several limitations regarding its treatment. Nail lacquers display the potential to overcome these drawbacks by providing therapeutic compliance and increasing local drug bioavailability. Thus, this work aimed to produce a nail lacquer loaded with Amphotericin B (AmB) and evaluate its performance. The AmB-loaded nail lacquer was produced and preliminarily characterized. An AmB quantification method was developed. Stability, drug release, permeability and anti-Candida activity assays were conducted. The analytical method validation met the acceptance criteria. The drug loading efficiency was 100% (0.02 mg/g of total product), whereas the AmB stability was limited to ≅ 7 days (≅ 90% remaining). The nail lacquer displayed a drying time of 187 s, non-volatile content of around 20%w/w, water-resistance of approximately 2%w/w of weight loss and satisfactory in vitro adhesion. Moreover, the in vitro antifungal activity against different Candida spp. strains was confirmed. The AmB release and the ex vivo permeability studies revealed that AmB leaves the lacquer and permeates the nail matrix in 47.76 ± 0.07% over 24 h. In conclusion, AmB-loaded nail lacquer shows itself as a promising extemporaneous dosage form with remarkable anti-Candida activity related to onychomycosis.

scholarly journals Orodispersible Film Loaded with Enterococcus faecium CRL183 Presents Anti-Candida albicans Biofilm Activity In Vitro

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 998
Author(s):  
Virgínia Barreto Lordello ◽  
Andréia Bagliotti Meneguin ◽  
Sarah Raquel de Annunzio ◽  
Maria Pía Taranto ◽  
Marlus Chorilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Control Film ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Background: Probiotic bacteria have been emerging as a trustworthy choice for the prevention and treatment of Candida spp. infections. This study aimed to develop and characterize an orodispersible film (ODF) for delivering the potentially probiotic Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 into the oral cavity, evaluating its in vitro antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Methods and Results: The ODF was composed by carboxymethylcellulose, gelatin, and potato starch, and its physical, chemical, and mechanical properties were studied. The probiotic resistance and viability during processing and storage were evaluated as well as its in vitro antifungal activity against C. albicans. The ODFs were thin, resistant, and flexible, with neutral pH and microbiologically safe. The probiotic resisted the ODF obtaining process, demonstrating high viability (>9 log10 CFU·g−1), up to 90 days of storage at room temperature. The Probiotic Film promoted 68.9% of reduction in fungal early biofilm and 91.2% in its mature biofilm compared to the group stimulated with the control film. Those results were confirmed through SEM images. Conclusion: The probiotic ODF developed is a promising strategy to prevent oral candidiasis, since it permits the local probiotic delivery, which in turn was able to reduce C. albicans biofilm formation.

scholarly journals Ibrexafungerp: A First-in-Class Oral Triterpenoid Glucan Synthase Inhibitor

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabelle Jallow ◽  
Nelesh P. Govender
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Favourable Safety ◽  
Favourable Safety Profile ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
In Vitro Data

Ibrexafungerp (formerly SCY-078 or MK-3118) is a first-in-class triterpenoid antifungal or “fungerp” that inhibits biosynthesis of β-(1,3)-D-glucan in the fungal cell wall, a mechanism of action similar to that of echinocandins. Distinguishing characteristics of ibrexafungerp include oral bioavailability, a favourable safety profile, few drug–drug interactions, good tissue penetration, increased activity at low pH and activity against multi-drug resistant isolates including C. auris and C. glabrata. In vitro data has demonstrated broad and potent activity against Candida and Aspergillus species. Importantly, ibrexafungerp also has potent activity against azole-resistant isolates, including biofilm-forming Candida spp., and echinocandin-resistant isolates. It also has activity against the asci form of Pneumocystis spp., and other pathogenic fungi including some non-Candida yeasts and non-Aspergillus moulds. In vivo data have shown IBX to be effective for treatment of candidiasis and aspergillosis. Ibrexafungerp is effective for the treatment of acute vulvovaginal candidiasis in completed phase 3 clinical trials.

scholarly journals In Vitro Effect of Photodynamic Therapy with Different Lights and Combined or Uncombined with Chlorhexidine on Candida spp.

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1176
Author(s):  
Vanesa Pérez-Laguna ◽  
Yolanda Barrena-López ◽  
Yolanda Gilaberte ◽  
Antonio Rezusta
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Photodynamic Treatment ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Vitro Effect

Candidiasis is very common and complicated to treat in some cases due to increased resistance to antifungals. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising alternative treatment. It is based on the principle that light of a specific wavelength activates a photosensitizer molecule resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species that are able to kill pathogens. The aim here is the in vitro photoinactivation of three strains of Candida spp., Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 and Candida krusei ATCC 6258, using aPDT with different sources of irradiation and the photosensitizer methylene blue (MB), alone or in combination with chlorhexidine (CHX). Irradiation was carried out at a fluence of 18 J/cm2 with a light-emitting diode (LED) lamp emitting in red (625 nm) or a white metal halide lamp (WMH) that emits at broad-spectrum white light (420–700 nm). After the photodynamic treatment, the antimicrobial effect is evaluated by counting colony forming units (CFU). MB-aPDT produces a 6 log10 reduction in the number of CFU/100 μL of Candida spp., and the combination with CHX enhances the effect of photoinactivation (effect achieved with lower concentration of MB). Both lamps have similar efficiencies, but the WMH lamp is slightly more efficient. This work opens the doors to a possible clinical application of the combination for resistant or persistent forms of Candida infections.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Toluidine Blue—Mediated Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy on Candida spp. A Systematic Review

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Rafał Wiench ◽  
Dariusz Skaba ◽  
Jacek Matys ◽  
Kinga Grzech-Leśniak
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Denture Stomatitis

The effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the treatment of oral yeast infections was examined many times in recent years. The authors of this review tried to address the question: “Should TBO (toluidine blue ortho)-mediated aPDT be considered a possible alternative treatment for oral candidiasis?”. PubMed/Medline and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CEN-TRAL) databases were searched from 1997 up to the 27th of October 2020 using a combination of the following keywords: (Candida OR Candidiasis oral OR Candidosis oral OR denture stomatitis) AND (toluidine blue OR photodynamic therapy OR aPDT OR photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy OR PACT OR photodynamic inactivation OR PDI). Animal studies or in vitro studies involving Candida albicans (C. albicans) and/or nonalbicans stain, randomized clinical trials (RCT) involving patients with oral candidiasis or denture stomatitis published solely in English language were included. Candida elimination method in animal, in vitro studies and RCT used was TBO-mediated aPDT. Exactly 393 studies were taken into consideration. Then, after analyzing titles and abstracts of said studies, 361 were excluded. Only 32 studies ended up being selected for in-depth screening, after which 21 of them were included in this study. All studies reported the antifungal effectiveness of aPDT with TBO against C. albicans and non-albicans Candida. In studies conducted with planktonic cells, only one study showed eradication of C. albicans. All others showed partial elimination and only one of them was not statistically significant. Experiments on yeast biofilms, in all cases, showed partial, statistically significant cell growth inhibition and weight reduction (a reduction in the number of cells—mainly hyphae) and the mass of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). In vivo aPDT mediated by TBO exhibits antifungal effects against oral Candida spp.; however, its clinical effectiveness as a potent therapeutic strategy for oral yeast infections requires further investigation.

In-vitro activity of voriconazole (UK-109,496), LY303366 and other antifungal agents against oral Candida spp. isolates from HIV-infected patients

1999 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chávez ◽  
S. Bernal ◽  
A. Valverde ◽  
M. J. Gutierrez ◽  
G. Quindós ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Oral Candida

In vitro susceptibilities of bloodstream isolates of Candida spp.: results from a multicenter active surveillance program in Andalusia

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 405
Author(s):  
Carmen Flórez ◽  
Estrella Martín-Mazuelos ◽  
Maite Ruiz ◽  
José Miguel Cisneros ◽  
Marta Herrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Active Surveillance Program
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