scholarly journals Soil Salinisation and Salt Stress in Crop Production

10.5772/22248 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrijel Ondrasek ◽  
Zed Rengel ◽  
Szilvia Veres
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Salinisation

scholarly journals Salinity Stress in Potato: Understanding Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Responses

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 545
Author(s):  
Kumar Nishant Chourasia ◽  
Milan Kumar Lal ◽  
Rahul Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Devanshu Dev ◽  
Hemant Balasaheb Kardile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Ammonium Compound ◽  
Molecular Responses

Among abiotic stresses, salinity is a major global threat to agriculture, causing severe damage to crop production and productivity. Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is regarded as a future food crop by FAO to ensure food security, which is severely affected by salinity. The growth of the potato plant is inhibited under salt stress due to osmotic stress-induced ion toxicity. Salinity-mediated osmotic stress leads to physiological changes in the plant, including nutrient imbalance, impairment in detoxifying reactive oxygen species (ROS), membrane damage, and reduced photosynthetic activities. Several physiological and biochemical phenomena, such as the maintenance of plant water status, transpiration, respiration, water use efficiency, hormonal balance, leaf area, germination, and antioxidants production are adversely affected. The ROS under salinity stress leads to the increased plasma membrane permeability and extravasations of substances, which causes water imbalance and plasmolysis. However, potato plants cope with salinity mediated oxidative stress conditions by enhancing both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities. The osmoprotectants, such as proline, polyols (sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, lactitol, and maltitol), and quaternary ammonium compound (glycine betaine) are synthesized to overcome the adverse effect of salinity. The salinity response and tolerance include complex and multifaceted mechanisms that are controlled by multiple proteins and their interactions. This review aims to redraw the attention of researchers to explore the current physiological, biochemical and molecular responses and subsequently develop potential mitigation strategies against salt stress in potatoes.

scholarly journals Effect of foliar spray with sulfosalicylic acid on morphological and yield traits of chickpea under salinity conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 2139
Author(s):  
Savita J. ◽  
Somveer Jakhar
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Sulfosalicylic Acid ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Significant Concentration

Salinity is one of the limiting environmental factors for crop production. Chickpea has special importance among the legumes especially in arid and semi-arid regions and is sensitive to salinity. Therefore, it becomes necessary to make a plan to mitigate the salinity effect on this plant. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted in the net house of Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra to investigate the role of sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) at different concentrations (10-4, 10-5 and 10-6 M) in overcoming salinity stress imposed on chickpea plants in natural conditions. Different salinity levels (0, 50 mM, 100 mM and 150 mM) were applied and caused a significant reduction in morphological and yield parameters. Our main findings are as follows: (1) Salt stress has detrimental effects on growth and physiology of plants. (2) Application of SSA at 10-5 M was the most significant concentration in modulating the inhibitory effects of salt stress.

scholarly journals Overexpression of the Auxin Receptor AFB3 in Arabidopsis Results in Salt Stress Resistance and the Modulation of NAC4 and SZF1

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9528
Author(s):  
Fernanda Garrido-Vargas ◽  
Tamara Godoy ◽  
Ricardo Tejos ◽  
José Antonio O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Auxin Receptor ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Regulatory Pathways

Soil salinity is a key problem for crop production worldwide. High salt concentration in soil negatively modulates plant growth and development. In roots, salinity affects the growth and development of both primary and lateral roots. The phytohormone auxin regulates various developmental processes during the plant’s life cycle, including several aspects of root architecture. Auxin signaling involves the perception by specialized receptors which module several regulatory pathways. Despite their redundancy, previous studies have shown that their functions can also be context-specific depending on tissue, developmental or environmental cues. Here we show that the over-expression of Auxin Signaling F-Box 3 receptor results in an increased resistance to salinity in terms of root architecture and germination. We also studied possible downstream signaling components to further characterize the role of auxin in response to salt stress. We identify the transcription factor SZF1 as a key component in auxin-dependent salt stress response through the regulation of NAC4. These results give lights of an auxin-dependent mechanism that leads to the modulation of root system architecture in response to salt identifying a hormonal cascade important for stress response.

Gamma Ray Irradiation for Crop Protection Against Salt Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Vasundhara Sharma ◽  
Poonam Yadav ◽  
Bhupinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Tolerance Response ◽  
Gamma Ray Irradiation ◽  
Dietary Value

Legumes have tremendous dietary value for human nutrition. However, the productivity of food legumes is always compromised owing to their insufficient ability to tolerate abiotic stresses such as drought or water logging, marginal soil, low/high temperatures and salt stress. Stress induces changes at the morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular level which are consequently manifested in terms of reduced seed yield and quality. Salt stress is one of the most important constraints to crop production particularly in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Low dose of ionising radiation like gamma ray is reported to induce growth and several other physiological attributes in non-legume and legume crops. Relationship between seed gamma irradiation and salinity stress response could be related to favourable maintenance of gas exchange attributes (Pn, gs and E), 14C partitioning, activity of antioxidative enzymes (SOD, CAT and POX), membrane stability index (MSI) K+ to Na+ ratio, proline and glycine betaine content. One or more mechanisms may contribute simultaneously towards salt tolerance response of crop plants. The present review critically analyses the effect of gamma ray irradiation on growth and development of legumes under salt stress and evaluates the contribution of various physiological and biochemical mechanisms towards radiation mediated alleviation of salt stress response.

scholarly journals Salicylic acid pre-treatment induced physiological and biochemical changes in Solanum lycopersicum L. under salinity stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 10917
Author(s):  
Venu SREELAKSHMY ◽  
Gunasekar ANBARASI ◽  
Benaltraja VISHNUPRIYA
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Pre Treatment

Agricultural crop production around the world is adversely affected by excess salt accumulation in the soil. Plants initiate broad range of signal transduction pathways to respond any stress. Salicylic acid (SA) is an endogenous plant growth regulator that acts as a signal molecule to modulate plant response by reducing the effects of abiotic stress on plants. The main objective of this study is to examine whether exogenous salicylic acid pre-treatment may reduce the adverse effects of salt stress and enhance salt tolerance in Solanum lycopersicum. For this experiment, two weeks old seedlings were subjected to salt stress by adding salt water (100 mM NaCl) for three days with or without salicylic acid pre-treatment. After salt stress exposure plant leaves were harvested and the various measures were recorded. Results of this study exhibited that salicylic acid pre-treatment mitigates various advers effects of salt stress on plant growth by stimulating plant biomass, water relations, protein content, chlorophyll pigment, and inorganic osmolytes accumulation. Simultaneously, an increase in activity of antioxidant enzymes of SOD, CAT and POX were also triggered.  This current study suggested that pre-treating of Solanum lycopersicum with salicylic acid attenuates the depressive effect of salinity by accelerating the osmolyte accumulation and triggering activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SALT (NaCl) ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CARBOHYDRATES IN LEAVES OF TWO RAGI (ELEUSINE CORACANA (L.) GAERTN) VARIETIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (No 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Desingh ◽  
G. Kanagaraj
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Eleusine Coracana ◽  
Carboxylase Activity ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Synthase

Salinity is one of the most widespread environmental threats to global crop production, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Photosynthesis and carbohydrates were determined in two ragi (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn) varieties (CO13 and PAIYUR-1), subjected to salt stress of different concentrations (0, 40, 80 and 120mM). Salinity was given as a basal dose and sampling was done in leaves on 30th Days. After Treatment (DAT). There was a marked variation in the photosynthetic rates and ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity between the two ragi varieties subjected to salt stress. Photosystem II (PSII) and sucrose phosphate synthase activities were also significantly reduced as measured by salt stressed conditions. The quantity of glucose and sucrose decreased with increasing salt stress while starch showed a reverse trend under salt-stressed conditions. The results revealed that CO-13 exhibits higher photosynthetic rates and activities of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, sucrose phosphate synthase with photochemical efficiency of PSII compared to PAIYUR-1

scholarly journals Thuricin17 Production and Proteome Differences in Bacillus thuringiensis NEB17 Cell-Free Supernatant Under NaCl Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sowmyalakshmi Subramanian ◽  
Alfred Souleimanov ◽  
Donald L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Translation Initiation Factor ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Proteomics Data

Bacillus thuringiensis strain NEB17, produces a bacteriocin, thuricin17 (Th17) and is known to promote the growth more effectively under salt stress conditions. In this study, bacterial salt stress tolerance screening and the possible changes in its secretome under two levels of NaCl stress was evaluated. The salt tolerance screening suggested that the bacterium is able to grow and survive in up to 900 mM NaCl. Thuricin17 production at salt levels from 100 to 500 mM NaCl was quantified using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Salt stress adversely affected the production of Th17 at levels as low as 100 mM NaCl; and the production stopped at 500 mM NaCl, despite the bacterium thriving at these salt levels. Hence, a comparative proteomic study was conducted on the supernatant of the bacterium after 42 h of growth, when Th17 production peaked in the control culture, as determined by Liquid Chromatography - Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Optimal (salt free) bacterial culture served as a control and 200 and 500 mM NaCl as stress conditions. As salt levels increased, the major enzyme classes, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, and ligases showed increased abundance as compared to the control, mostly related to molecular function mechanisms. Some of the notable up-regulated proteins in 500 mM NaCl stress conditions included an S-layer protein, chitin binding domain 3 protein, enterotoxins, phosphopentomutase, glucose 6-phosphate isomerase and bacterial translation initiation factor; while notable down-regulated proteins included hemolytic enterotoxin, phospholipase, sphingomyelinase C, cold shock DNA-binding protein family and alcohol dehydrogenase. These results indicate that, as the salt stress levels increase, the bacterium probably shuts down the production of Th17 and regulates its molecular functional mechanisms to overcome stress. This study indicates that end users have the option of using Th17 as a biostimulant or the live bacterial inoculum depending on the soil salt characteristics, for crop production. The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to Mass Spectrometry Interactive Virtual Environment (MassIVE) with the dataset identifier PXD024069, and doi: 10.25345/C5RB8T.

Auxin-mediated responses under salt stress: from developmental regulation to biotechnological applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (13) ◽  
pp. 3843-3853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Ribba ◽  
Fernanda Garrido-Vargas ◽  
José Antonio O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Developmental Responses ◽  
Sessile Organisms

Abstract As sessile organisms, plants are exposed to multiple abiotic stresses commonly found in nature. To survive, plants have developed complex responses that involve genetic, epigenetic, cellular, and morphological modifications. Among different environmental cues, salt stress has emerged as a critical problem contributing to yield losses and marked reductions in crop production. Moreover, as the climate changes, it is expected that salt stress will have a significant impact on crop production in the agroindustry. On a mechanistic level, salt stress is known to be regulated by the crosstalk of many signaling molecules such as phytohormones, with auxin having been described as a key mediator of the process. Auxin plays an important role in plant developmental responses and stress, modulating a complex balance of biosynthesis, transport, and signaling that among other things, finely tune physiological changes in plant architecture and Na+ accumulation. In this review, we describe current knowledge on auxin’s role in modulating the salt stress response. We also discuss recent and potential biotechnological approaches to tackling salt stress.

Nitric Oxide Enhances Salt Tolerance through Regulating Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Nutrient Uptake in Pea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esin Dadasoglu ◽  
Melek Ekinci ◽  
Raziye Kul ◽  
Mostafakamal Shams ◽  
Metin Turan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
The Impact

Background: Salinity is one of the environmental stress factors that restrict the crop production by endangering agricultural areas. Nitric oxide (NO) protects plants from damage caused by oxidative stress conditions in various biological ways. Methods: In this greenhouse investigation during 2018, pea plants were irrigated with three levels of NaCl (0, 50 and 100 mM) solutions. NO solutions were prepared with three different doses (0, 75 and 100 µM SNP). These solutions were applied to the seeds before sowing and then to the leaves of the pea cultivars. The study was conducted to analyze the impact of NO on growth, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), antioxidant enzyme activity and nutrient uptake in two pea cultivars under salinity conditions. Result: Salinity reduced fresh-dry weight, relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll a and b content of pea. However, NO enhanced these parameters under salt stress. Salinity increased tissue electrical conductance (TEC), H2O2 and MDA content, which were decreased by combined application of NaCl and NO. Salinity caused an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity in pea and NO made a significant improvement in their activities under salinity conditions. Salinity treatments decreased the ratio of K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ in both cultivars, and application of NO elevated them as compared to the control under salt stress. In conclude, exogenous NO treatment could help pea to tolerate salinity stress by increasing the chlorophyll content and regulating antioxidant enzyme activity and nutrient uptake.

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