scholarly journals Green Chemistry - Environmentally Benign Approaches

10.5772/1996 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Environmentally Benign

Scalable synthesis of an environmentally benign graphene–sand based organic–inorganic hybrid for sulfide removal from aqueous solution: an insight into the mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 3500-3512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Achazhiyath Edathil ◽  
Jerina Hisham Zain ◽  
Mohammad Abu Haija ◽  
Fawzi Banat
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Inorganic Hybrid ◽  
Sulfide Removal ◽  
Desert Sand ◽  
Scalable Synthesis ◽  
Insight Into

In this study, a graphene–sand hybrid (GSH) was successfully synthesized from locally available desert sand and sugar using a green chemistry approach and used as an adsorbent for the removal of dissolved sulfides from aqueous solutions.

Foreword

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. v
Author(s):  
James R. Bull
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Special Topic ◽  
Sustainable Chemistry ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Interfacial Chemistry ◽  
Green Catalysis ◽  
High Level ◽  
The University

IUPAC's initiatives and publications have been closely identified with green chemistry over the past several years. However, a significant milestone was reached in a project on Synthetic Pathways and Processes in Green Chemistry, chaired by Prof. Pietro Tundo (University of Venice), as a first IUPAC undertaking devoted exclusively to the theme of green chemistry. This culminated in publication of a Special Topic issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry [Pure Appl. Chem.72 (7), (2000); <http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2000/7207>], which attracted an exceptionally high level of readership interest and has hitherto accumulated a record number of nearly 900 citations. Indeed, one of the papers published in that collection, Ionic Liquids: Green Solvents of the Future, by M. J. Earle and K. R. Seddon (The Queen's University of Belfast) [Pure Appl. Chem.72 (7), 1391 (2000)], boasts no fewer than 349 citations (recorded on 30 April 2007)!Shortly thereafter, Prof. M. Kidwai and his colleagues at the University of Delhi launched an IUPAC-sponsored International Symposium on Green Chemistry in January 2001 [Pure Appl. Chem.73 (1), (2001); <http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2001/7301>], and have since organized a sequel in 2006 [Pure Appl. Chem.78 (11), (2006); <http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2006/7811>]. The record of that first event focused strongly on insights into green catalysis and methodology, and also has the distinction of heading the citation record for PAC event collections in 2001. Later in 2001, the Conference on Green Chemistry: Toward Environmentally Benign Processes and Products was held in Boulder, Colorado, under the guidance of Drs. D. L. Hjeresen and P. T. Anastas [Pure Appl. Chem.73 (8), (2001); <http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2001/7308>]. This was the 14th of the CHEMRAWN series, an acronym for CHEMistry Research Applied to World Needs, that is most aptly served by this important collection of works, dealing with a range of policy, educational, and research and development issues around the title topic.Although the foregoing publication projects are explicitly identified with green chemistry, the theme features repeatedly in numerous papers arising from other IUPAC-sponsored events in recent years, or underpins other disciplinary themes, for example, in the Special Topic collection devoted to Electrochemistry and Interfacial Chemistry for the Environment [Pure Appl. Chem.73 (12), (2001); <http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2001/7312>]. This trend is destined to continue, and is perhaps symptomatic of growing social responsibility in current research and development. Furthermore, it demonstrates that IUPAC has an ongoing role to play in fostering activities that fulfil its commitment to shaping and serving the chemical sciences in the interests of societal upliftment and progress.It is thus fitting that the Union should now take the initiative to regularize its role in promoting green chemistry, through a series of biennial conferences. It is equally appropriate to highlight the published record of the 1st International Conference on Green-Sustainable Chemistry as a Special Topic feature of PAC, in recognition of the topicality of this authoritative and representative collection of papers.James R. BullScientific Editor

Biological Synthesis of Nanosilver by Using Plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 1109 ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Nahar ◽  
Zarina Zakaria ◽  
U. Hashim ◽  
Md Fazlul Bari
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Biological Synthesis ◽  
Promising Area

Nanotechnology is a most promising area that is increasing day by day and play a vital role in environments, biotechnological and biomedical fields. In recent years, the development of effective green chemistry methods for synthesis of various metal nanoparticles has become a main focus of researchers. They have investigated to find out a sustainable technique for production of well-characterized nanoparticles. A variety of chemical and physical methods have been exploited in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and these procedures remain expensive, high energy consumption and involve the use of hazardous chemicals. Therefore, there is an essential need to develop environmentally benign and sustainable procedures for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Increasing awareness of green chemistry and biological processes has need to develop a rapid, simple, cost-effective and eco-friendly methods. One of the most considered methods is production of nanosilver using plants and plant-derived materials which is the best candidates and suitable for large-scale biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. Eco-friendly bio-organisms in plant extracts contain proteins, which act as both capping and reducing agents forming of stable and shape-controlled AgNPs. This review describes the recent advancements in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using plants.

Free-Radical Chemistry in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Tanko
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Supercritical State ◽  
Liquid Phases ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

During the 1990s, the chemical industry has focused on ways to reduce and prevent pollution caused by chemical synthesis and manufacturing. The goal of this approach is to modify existing reaction conditions and/or to develop new chemistries that do not require the use of toxic reagents or solvents, or that do not produce toxic by-products. The terms “environmentally benign synthesis and processing” and “green chemistry” have been coined to describe this approach where the environmental impact of a process is as important an issue as reaction yield, efficiency, or cost. Most chemical reactions require the use of a solvent that may serve several functions in a reaction: for example, ensuring homogeneity of the reactants, facilitating heat transfer, extraction of a product (or by-product), or product purification via chromatography. However, because the solvent is only indirectly involved in a reaction (i.e., it is not consumed), its disposal becomes an important issue. Thus, one obvious approach to “green chemistry” is to identify alternative solvents that are nontoxic and/or environmentally benign. Supercritical carbon dioxide (sc CO2) has been identified as a solvent that may be a viable alternative to solvents such as CCl4, benzene, and chloroflurocarbons (CFCs), which are either toxic or damaging to the environment. The critical state is achieved when a substance is taken above its critical temperature and pressure (Tc, Pc). Above this point on a phase diagram, the gas and liquid phases become indistinguishable. The physical properties of the supercritical state (e.g., density, viscosity, solubility parameter, etc.) are intermediate between those of a gas and a liquid, and vary considerably as a function of temperature and pressure. The interest in sc CO2 specifically is related to the fact that CO2 is nontoxic and naturally occurring. The critical parameters of CO2 are moderate (Tc = 31 °C, Pc = 74 bar), which means that the supercritical state can be achieved without a disproportionate expenditure of energy. For these two reasons, there is a great deal of interest in sc CO2 as a solvent for chemical reactions. This chapter reviews the literature pertaining to free-radical reactions in sc CO2 solvent.

Green synthesis of five- and six-membered N-heterocycles by ultrasonic irradiation in aqueous media

2021 ◽  
Vol 08 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Cristina Mendonça Nogueiraa ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Nora de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Ultrasonic Irradiation ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Ultrasound Irradiation ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Synthetic Methodologies

: Five- and six-membered N-heterocyclic compounds play an important role in medicinal chemistry and in the development of new drugs. In this manner, there is a constant demand for the development of novel biologically potent compounds and there is also an increasing pressure to develop alternative and more sustainable synthetic methodologies following the Green Chemistry principles. Thus, the present review aims to compile the latest progress in the use of ultrasound irradiation in water conditions to mediate the synthesis of five- and six-membered N-heterocyclic compounds in an environmentally benign manner.

scholarly journals A review of new developments in the Friedel–Crafts alkylation – From green chemistry to asymmetric catalysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Rueping ◽  
Boris J Nachtsheim
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Asymmetric Catalysis ◽  
Lewis Acid ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Benzyl Halides ◽  
Allyl Alcohols ◽  
Definition Of

The development of efficient Friedel–Crafts alkylations of arenes and heteroarenes using only catalytic amounts of a Lewis acid has gained much attention over the last decade. The new catalytic approaches described in this review are favoured over classical Friedel–Crafts conditions as benzyl-, propargyl- and allyl alcohols, or styrenes, can be used instead of toxic benzyl halides. Additionally, only low catalyst loadings are needed to provide a wide range of products. Following a short introduction about the origin and classical definition of the Friedel–Crafts reaction, the review will describe the different environmentally benign substrates which can be applied today as an approach towards greener processes. Additionally, the first diastereoselective and enantioselective Friedel–Crafts-type alkylations will be highlighted.

scholarly journals Nanoreactors for green catalysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 716-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Teresa De Martino ◽  
Loai K E A Abdelmohsen ◽  
Floris P J T Rutjes ◽  
Jan C M van Hest
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Polymer Vesicles ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Green Catalysis

Sustainable and environmentally benign production are key drivers for developments in the chemical industrial sector, as protecting our planet has become a significant element that should be considered for every industrial breakthrough or technological advancement. As a result, the concept of green chemistry has been recently defined to guide chemists towards minimizing any harmful outcome of chemical processes in either industry or research. Towards greener reactions, scientists have developed various approaches in order to decrease environmental risks while attaining chemical sustainability and elegancy. Utilizing catalytic nanoreactors for greener reactions, for facilitating multistep synthetic pathways in one-pot procedures, is imperative with far-reaching implications in the field. This review is focused on the applications of some of the most used nanoreactors in catalysis, namely: (polymer) vesicles, micelles, dendrimers and nanogels. The ability and efficiency of catalytic nanoreactors to carry out organic reactions in water, to perform cascade reaction and their ability to be recycled will be discussed.

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