scholarly journals Magnesium Alloys as Promising Degradable Implant Materials in Orthopaedic Research

10.5772/14143 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janin Reifenrath ◽  
Dirk Bormann ◽  
Andrea Meyer-Lindenberg
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Implant Materials ◽  
Orthopaedic Research

Evaluation of the biocompatibility of two magnesium alloys as degradable implant materials in comparison to titanium as non‐resorbable material in the rabbit

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Hampp ◽  
Nina Angrisani ◽  
Janin Reifenrath ◽  
Dirk Bormann ◽  
Jan-Marten Seitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Implant Materials

scholarly journals Advances and Challenges of Biodegradable Implant Materials with a Focus on Magnesium-Alloys and Bacterial Infections

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Rahim ◽  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Peter P. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Biodegradable Implant ◽  
Vascular Stents ◽  
Implant Materials

Medical implants made of biodegradable materials could be of advantage for temporary applications such mechanical support during bone-healing or as vascular stents to keep blood vessels open. After completion of the healing process the implant would disappear, avoiding long-term side effects or the need for surgical removal. Various corrodible metal alloys based on magnesium, iron or zinc have been proposed as sturdier and potentially less inflammatory alternative to degradable organic polymers, in particular for load-bearing applications. Despite the recent introduction of magnesium-based screws the remaining hurdles to routine clinical applications are still challenging, such as limiting mechanical material characteristics or unsuitable corrosion characteristics. Here, salient features and clinical prospects of currently investigated biodegradable implant materials are summarized with a main focus on magnesium alloys. A mechanism of action for the stimulation of bone growth due to the exertion of mechanical force by magnesium corrosion products is discussed. To explain divergent in vitro and in vivo effects of magnesium a novel model for bacterial biofilm infections is proposed which predicts crucial consequences antibacterial implant strategies.

Magnesium Based Biodegradable Metallic Implant Materials: Corrosion Control and Evaluation of Surface Coatings

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27
Author(s):  
Jessica Gayle ◽  
Anil Mahapatro
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
The United States ◽  
Corrosion Testing ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Implant Materials ◽  
Potential Applications

Background:Magnesium and magnesium alloys are currently being explored for biodegradable metallic implants. Magnesium’s biocompatibility, low density, and mechanical properties could offer advantages in the development of low-bearing orthopedic prosthesis and cardiovascular stent materials.Objective:Magnesium’s susceptibility to corrosion and increased hydrogen evolution in vivo compromises the success of its potential applications. Various strategies have been pursued to control and subsequently evaluate degradation.Methods:This review provides a broad overview of magnesium-based implant materials. Potential coating materials, coating techniques, corrosion testing, and characterization methods for coated magnesium alloys are also discussed.Results:Various technologies and materials are available for coating magnesium to control and evaluate degradation. Polymeric, ceramic, metallic, and composite coatings have successfully been coated onto magnesium to control its corrosion behaviour. Several technologies are available to carry out the coatings and established methodologies exist for corrosion testing. A few magnesium-based products have emerged in international (European Union) markets and it is foreseen that similar products will be introduced in the United States in the near future.Conclusion:Overall, many coated magnesium materials for biomedical applications are predominantly in the research stage with cardiac stent materials and orthopaedic prosthesis making great strides.

The History, Challenges and the Future of Biodegradable Metal Implants

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Witte ◽  
Amir Eliezer ◽  
S. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Biodegradable Implant ◽  
Corrosion Morphology ◽  
Implant Materials ◽  
Metal Implants ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
The Future ◽  
Clinical Background

New interest in magnesium alloys as temporary biomaterials was reborn in the recent years. Especially metals based on physiological trace elements seem to be promising as an alternative to current biodegradable implant materials in cardiovascular and musculoskeletal applications. First clinical reports can be dated back before 1900. Magnesium alloys were used by surgeons of different clinical background in cardiovascular, neural, skin, general and musculoskeletal surgery. All patients have benefited from the treatment with magnesium alloys, although rapid corrosion caused sometimes painless subcutaneous gas cavities. These reports encouraged researchers to study and invent new magnesium alloys which aim to provide more uniform and slow corrosion rates. The most challenging part was to analyze the corrosion of implanted magnesium alloys in-vivo, since the magnesium alloys interlock with the surrounding tissue during corrosion. Therefore, the implanted samples could not be retrieved without damaging the fragile implant-tissue interface. Synchrotron-radiation based microtomography (SRµCT) was introduced as a solution to this challenge. SRµCT enables to measure non-destructively the in-vivo corrosion rates of magnesium alloys as well as their corrosion morphology. Based on these data, it was concluded that suitable magnesium implants should provide small grains, which are distributed very homogenously and should be produced with highest purity. The future of biodegradable magnesium alloys might be directed towards implant areas where high ductility, maximal tensile strength as well as high compression strength is needed and the properties of current biodegradable implant-materials are exceeded by the properties of magnesium alloys.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Coating on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Induced by Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Dopamine

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1849
Author(s):  
Yanxia Yang ◽  
Yuanzhi Wu ◽  
Yu Wei ◽  
Tian Zeng ◽  
Baocheng Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Az31 Alloy ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Coating ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Implant Materials ◽  
Good Biocompatibility

Magnesium and its alloys have become potential implant materials in the future because of light weight, mechanical properties similar to natural bone, good biocompatibility, and degradability in physiological environment. However, due to the rapid corrosion and degradation of magnesium alloys in vivo, especially in the environment containing chloride ions, the application of magnesium alloys as implant materials has been limited. Therefore, improving the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy and ensuring good biocompatibility is the main focus of the current research. In this study, hydroxyapatite coating was prepared on magnesium alloy surface using carboxymethyl cellulose-dopamine hydrogel as inducer to improve corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Surface characterization techniques (scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy- and X-ray diffraction) confirmed the formation of hydroxyapatite on the surface of AZ31 alloy. Corrosion resistance tests have proved the protective effect of Carboxymethyl cellulose-Dopamine/hydroxyapatite (CMC-DA/HA) coating on the surface of AZ31 alloy. According to MC3T3-E1 cell viability and Live/Dead staining, the coating also showed good biocompatibility. The results will provide new ideas for the biological application of magnesium alloys.

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