Parteipolitik im Bundesrat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus M. Müller ◽  
Roland Sturm ◽  
Patrick Finke ◽  
Antonios Souris
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Party Politics ◽  
Finance Committee ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Detailed Case ◽  
First Time

This new volume on the Bundesrat as institution and how it works is a groundbreaking study. For the first time empirical work focusses on the votes in the Bundesrat committees. More than 51.000 decisions are scrutinized to find out whether the hypothesis of a party politicization of the Bundesrat can be verified. Additional information is provided by interviews with practitioners and detailed case studies related to specific committees, such as the Finance Committee, and decision-making procedures, including the legislative initiatives of the Bundesrat. The book also investigates the role of smaller parties in the Bundesrat and the importance of decision-making beyond party politics.

scholarly journals Implicational generalizations in morphological syncretism: The role of communicative biases

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
BENJAMIN STORME
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Detailed Case

Cross-linguistic generalizations about grammatical contexts favoring syncretism often have an implicational form. This paper shows that this is expected if (i) morphological paradigms are required to be both as small and as unambiguous as possible, (ii) languages may prioritize these requirements differently, and (iii) probability distributions for grammatical features interacting in syncretic patterns are fixed across languages. More specifically, this approach predicts that grammatical contexts that are less probable or more informative about a target grammatical feature $ T $ should favor syncretism of $ T $ cross-linguistically. The paper provides evidence for these predictions based on four detailed case studies involving well-known patterns of contextual syncretism (gender syncretism based on number, gender syncretism based on person, aspect syncretism based on tense, and case syncretism based on animacy).

scholarly journals Variety of Economic Share of Tourism on Tropical Islands

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-314
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Podhorodecka
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Tropical Islands ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Tropical Island ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Detailed Case ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract The author seeks an answer to the question whether a higher intensity of tourism movement is connected with a higher share of tourism in the economy in selected tropical island territories. With the use of the Spearman correlation coefficient, the existence of the average positive correlation between the intensity of tourism movement and the share of tourism in the economy has been determined. In the second part of paper, the author looks at the conditions which affect the role of tourism in the economy in proportion to the intensity of tourism movement. For this purpose, the Chi-square test and detailed case studies of chosen tropical islands are discussed.

scholarly journals Commercial Foot Soldiers of the Empire: Foreign Merchant Politics in Tampico, Mexico, 1861-1866

1990 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-314
Author(s):  
John D. French
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Detailed Case ◽  
Central Arena ◽  
Foreign Merchants

During the period from Mexican independence in 1821 to the end of the French intervention in 1867, Mexico's primary tie to the outside world was based on trade. The foreign merchants, who monopolized this activity, played a crucial role in the economic, diplomatic, and political life of Mexico. The current literature on these nineteenth century merchants includes studies of foreign groups, such as the French, detailed case studies of individual entrepreneurs, firms and merchant families, and one work that provides a unique state-centered perspective on the Mexican/merchant nexus. None, however, have tried to conceptualize the role of foreign merchants as a whole, across national lines and individual rivalries, in the port cities that were the central arena of contact and conflict with the outside world.

scholarly journals Where to Go From Here? Toward a Model of 2-Year College Students’ Postsecondary Pathway Selection

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly R. Wickersham
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach ◽  
Postsecondary Pathways

Objective: Empirical work explaining student mobility, particularly postsecondary pathways among 2-year college students, remains limited. This study examines the underlying process that drives 2-year college students into one or more pathways as they navigate higher education. Method: Drawing upon survey, transcript, and interview data from one transfer-focused and two comprehensive community colleges in a Midwestern state, this study uses a grounded theory approach to develop a conceptual model to understand college students’ decision-making process when choosing among competing postsecondary pathways. Results: The resulting College Pathway (Re)Selection Model Among Beginning 2-Year College Students contained two categories—lifetime decision-making and short-term decision-making—that defined the purposes of students’ decisions as they navigate postsecondary education. Within the categories, 2-year college students described the role of payoff, fit, transferability, place, flexibility, and mobility in their decision-making process. Contributions: This study offers a new model that explains what shapes 2-year college students’ decisions and challenges notions of postsecondary pathways, student progress, success, and completion in the context of 2-year college students’ fluid lives and goals.

scholarly journals Minimally Deliberative Deliberative Systems? Problematisation and the Deliberative Democratic Effects of Poorly Deliberative Communication

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Engelken-Jorge
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Public Communication ◽  
System Perspective ◽  
Communicative Practices ◽  
Institutional System

This article deals with the role of public communication in democratic decision-making, with a view to identifying communicative practices that can be expected to meet deliberative democratic standards. On the basis of two case studies, a mechanism is reconstructed through which public communication, although being poorly deliberative, can influence decision-making and achieve some of deliberative democracy’s most fundamental goals, namely, to attain mutually justified decisions, to secure the free and reasoned consent of citizens and to promote substantively correct decisions. This mechanism consists in the recurrent problematisation of a situation and the concomitant generation of political demands and proposals. This argument can at least be formulated if one adopts an institutional system perspective coupled with a concept of mutual justification understood along the lines of the ‘reasonable rejection test’.

scholarly journals Mass-tailorisation - a digital aid for the decision-making in the designer's design process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Sik Kim
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Potential

<p>The advent of digital tools and technologies of modern times has provided architectural designers with the ability to create in complexities and volumes of an unprecedented scale. With the myriad of possibilities, the designer has become prone to the Paradox of Choice - the difficulty of making decisions in a field of mass-options. </p> <p>Mass-tailorisation aims to aid the decision-making process of the designer in a world of unprecedented possibilities, limited only by the practicalities of reality. This research develops a theoretical framework for mass-tailorisation systems that aid the designer in the decision-making process by strategically focusing on four stages of the decision-making process. </p> <p>The thesis investigates the theoretical framework of mass-tailorisation through several phases of case studies that critically assess the viability and the implications of the components that constitute the mass-tailorisation system. The need for mass-tailorisation, as well as the establishment of the system and the future potential of mass-tailorisation are addressed through these case studies. Thus, leading to an integrative theoretical framework on the validity of mass-tailorisation. </p> <p>The research also speculates on the possible role of the future designer as they navigate through the near-limitless possibilities of the architectural design process of modern times. Finally, the thesis concludes by discussing the specific importance of the Design-Fabrication-Assembly Digital Continuum and the pursuit for the Move 37 phenomenon in explaining how mass-tailorisation can improve the decision-making process of the designer during the design process.</p>

scholarly journals How Teacher Characteristics Relate to How Teachers Use Dashboards: Results From Two Case Studies in K-12

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-21
Author(s):  
Anouschka van Leeuwen ◽  
Carolien A. N. Knoop-van Campen ◽  
Inge Molenaar ◽  
Nikol Rummel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Teacher Characteristics ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Teacher Decision Making ◽  
And Performance ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Initial Framework

Teacher dashboards are a specific form of analytics in which visual displays provide teachers with information about their students; for example, concerning student progress and performance on tasks during lessons or lectures. In the present paper, we focus on the role of teacher dashboards in the context of teacher decision-making in K–12 education. There is large variation in teacher dashboard use in the classroom, which could be explained by teacher characteristics. Therefore, we investigate the role of teacher characteristics — such as experience, age, gender, and self-efficacy — in how teachers use dashboards. More specifically, we present two case studies to understand how diversity in teacher dashboard use is related to teacher characteristics. Surprisingly, in both case studies, teacher characteristics were not associated with dashboard use. Based on our findings, we propose an initial framework to understand what contributes to diversity of dashboard use. This framework might support future research to attribute diversity in dashboard use. This paper should be seen as a first step in examining the role of teacher characteristics in dashboard use in K–12 education.

scholarly journals Jamaica—The Transformation Towards Sustainability of an Island Economy Under Austerity Measures

2020 ◽  
pp. 247-268
Author(s):  
Ariel Macaspac Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Government Official ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Local Stakeholders

AbstractThis chapter diverges from the previous case studies. In addition to a literature review and qualitative interviews of local stakeholders, this chapter also contextualizes sustainable, low-carbon transformation by using an innovative experiment, where participants played the role of a decision-making government official committing to decisions under specific conditions (e.g., imposed austerity measures). When applied to Jamaica, the specific parameters of a scenario are assumed and through solution-oriented role playing, the process of decision-making is analyzed.

Supply to Deny: The Benefits of Nuclear Assistance for Nuclear Nonproliferation

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Davis Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Nuclear Explosion ◽  
Nuclear Proliferation ◽  
Nuclear Nonproliferation ◽  
Nuclear Technology ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Nuclear Assistance

Abstract Recent scholarship on nuclear proliferation finds that many forms of nuclear assistance increase the odds that recipient states pursue nuclear weapons programs. While these studies may help us understand select cases of proliferation, they overshadow the role of nuclear supply in bolstering global nonproliferation efforts. After the risks of nuclear assistance became well-known following India's nuclear explosion in 1974, most major suppliers conditioned their assistance on recipients joining nonproliferation agreements. Case studies of states’ decision-making regarding these agreements illustrate how the provision of nuclear technology has been an effective tool in persuading states to join such agreements, the most important of which is the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). By joining the NPT, states strengthen the global nonproliferation regime and increase the costs of any potential future decision to proliferate. The offer of nuclear assistance has done far more to bolster global nuclear nonproliferation efforts than recent research suggests.

Examples in ethics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Louden
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Moral Education ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Moral Experience ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Actual Case ◽  
Philosophical Questions

Philosophers often employ examples to illustrate how their favoured principles are to be applied to concrete cases, and sometimes even to show that principles are of no help in decision-making. Examples are also used to convince readers of the existence of moral dilemmas – unresolvable conflicts between moral obligations. But a variety of different philosophical questions concerning the role, status, and nature of examples used in ethics have also been raised. One such question concerns the role that examples should play in our moral experience: should this be a rhetorical, pedagogic role of persuading us to do what is right, as determined by pre-existing principle; or a stronger, logical role of helping to determine what is morally right? Another query relates to moral teaching: is exposure to and reflection on stories, tales, narratives and exemplars sufficient for moral education, or is there a further need for exposure to principles and theories of ethics? Third, in terms of the kinds of examples employed in moral philosophy and reflection, should such examples be culled from great literature or sacred texts? Alternatively, should they be actual case studies drawn from real life, or hypothetical but realistic examples constructed by theorists? Or should they be imaginary, highly improbable cases designed to test our intuitions? A fourth question asks how examples are best identified and described, and to what extent the examples used in ethics are themselves theory-laden or even theory-constituted.

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