Otto Kirchheimer - Gesammelte Schriften

2020 ◽  

The fifth volume in this six-volume collection of Otto Kirchheimer’s (1905–1965) works is entitled Politische Systeme im Nachkriegseuropa (Political Systems in post-war Europe) and contains 34 works by Kirchheimer, published between 1950 and 1967, on changes to political orders in modern industrial societies. Geographically, these studies focus not only on the Federal Republic of Germany but also on developments in other Western European democracies, the USA and the GDR. In these writings, Kirchheimer pays particular attention to changes in the party systems in these countries, the changing role of the parliamentary opposition, the calculated influence of associations and interest groups, the intensification of bureaucracy and the strengthening of the executive, and the political attitudes and expectations of citizens in modern democracies. In addition, this volume contains a comprehensive bibliography of all Kirchheimer’s published works plus a selection of his unpublished writings. This book will appeal to all those interested in politics, law, contemporary history and sociology.

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 687-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
K O'Connor

Services that link buyer and seller across nations and continents have long been a part of city and port development, but have not attracted much research interest, perhaps because they remain (like their statistical record) ‘invisible’. Technical and structural change in the organisation of shipping, reflected largely in containerisation, have changed the context for these services and they have responded in a variety of ways. Data in this paper trace the location of a selection of these services in the USA and Australia, indicating a separation between services and negotiations on aspects of trade services, and new patterns of physical activity in trade. It is suggested that this separation may be facilitated by the standardisation that has come with containerisation, the importance of intercorporate linkages, the role of official markets, and the application of modern communication technology. These aspects account for the clustering of services in large cities and their separation from day-to-day trade business, and could provide insights for producer-service location in general. The paper indicates the need for survey work to test these ideas.


2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-65
Author(s):  
Doireann Lalor
Keyword(s):  
Post War ◽  

This article outlines the Italian dimension to Beckett , focussing in particular on the fragments of Italian that appear in his works, and considering the changing role of these snippets of Italian throughout the course of his writing career. In the early works, Italian plays an integral – and overlooked – part in Beckett's construction of a modernist macaronic mode. In the post-war works, fragments of Italian appear much more infrequently, and often disappear completely during the process of self-translation. An analysis of these Italian fragments adds nuances to the current perception of Beckett as a model of multilingalism.


2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnès Van Zanten

This article is based on the Keynote Address to the European Conference on Educational Research (ECER), Crete, Greece, 21–25 September 2004. One of the most consistent results in sociology of education research has been the existence of inequalities in school results and educational trajectories related to social factors. Despite an important increase in number of years of schooling for all children in most European countries in the post-war period, research still shows important differences between social and ethnic groups and even a widening of the gap between the most advantaged and most disadvantaged in some countries. Factors shown by previous studies to account for these differences are still at work, but many of them are influential in new ways. In addition to this, new factors have to be taken into account. Using available sociological literature on European countries, while focusing specifically on France as an exemplary case, this article presents some of the new constraints on and opportunities for action by parents, teachers and schools that result from both economic, cultural and educational changes and recent policy orientations.


2019 ◽  
pp. 58-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Urnov

As a self-proclaimed “Global Leader” the United States have made “the assertion, advancement, support and defense of democracy” throughout the world one of the pillars of their foreign policy. This aim invariably figures in all Washington’s program documents pertaining to Africa. A major component of these efforts is an assistance to regular, free and fair elections. The selection of arguments cited to justify such activities has been done skilfully. In each specific case it is emphasized that the United States do not side with any competing party, stand “above the battle”, work for the perfection of electoral process, defend the rights of opposition and rank and file votes, render material and technical help to national electoral committees. Sounds irreproachable. However, the real situation is different. The study of the US practical activities in this field allows to conclude that Washington has one-sidedly awarded itself a role of a judge and supervisor of developments related to elections in the sovereign countries of Africa, tries to control the ways they are prepared and conducted. These activities signify an interference into the internal affairs of African states. The scale and forms of such interference differ and is subjected to tasks the USA try to resolve in this or that country on the national, regional or global levels. However, everywhere it serves as an instrument of penetration and strengthening of the US influence, enhancing the US political presence in African countries. The right of the US to perform this role is presented as indisputable. Sceptics are branded as opponents of democracy. The author explores the US positions and activities connected with elections in Africa during the last years of B.Obama and first two years of D.Trump presidencies. He shows how their policy have been implemented on the continental level and in regard to several countries – South Sudan, Libya, Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, Rwanda, Nigeria, Somali, Kenya, Uganda.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (15) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Myroslava Zabotnova

The article is devoted to semiotic specificity of Internet memes in the English political discourse. The aim of the work is to figure out the core semiotic peculiarities of Internet memes in semiotic field. The article highlights the role of Internet memes in political discourse classifying them according to their textuality; thus, revealing the value of signs in memes’ formation, and specifying types and peculiarities of signs in Internet memes in political discourse. The research unitizes the units based on the presidential election in the USA 2020. The intention of memes’ creation depends on the verbalization circumstances – in 2020 this factor is determined by the pandemic. So, this selection of Internet me


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
KEETIE SLUYTERMAN ◽  
GERARDA WESTERHUIS

This paper looks at the position of CEOs in Dutch listed companies in the context of institutional change. Following up on discussions on Varieties of Capitalism and the contrasts between coordinated and liberal market economies, we explore the position of the CEO in the Netherlands in the second half of the twentieth century. On the basis of our database of Dutch CEOs, as well as an analysis of articles and published interviews, we show that the move toward a more liberal market economy had a clear impact on the position of CEOs and on the way their role was perceived. This paper highlights the importance of studying leaders in their historical context, with implications for the selection of future CEOs as they face increasing pressure on issues such as inequality and climate change.


2015 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 359-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halina Karaś

Observations on the Polish lexis in Lithuania on the borderland of Lithuania, Latvia and BelarusThe paper comments on the lexicon of Polish on the borderland of Lithuania, Latvia and Belarus (in the Zarasai district and the Ignalina district in Lithuania). The remarks, illustrated with selected examples, have been formulated on the basis of data gathered during field research in 2000–2001 and 2010–2011. The paper aims primarily at discussing the extent to which the collected material contributes to the state-of-the-art knowledge on the vocabulary of the North-Eastern Borderlands; the author analyzes the types of words present in the collected material in order to specify whether they are generally attested and well documented, or conversely – less known and only occasionally considered in literature.A large part of the collected material consists of vocabulary well known in Lithuania, and often in the whole area of the North-Eastern Borderlands. These include old expressions of various origin typical of the Eastern Borderlands, richly documented in works devoted to the Polish language of the North-Eastern Borderlands; loans from Lithuanian and Belorussian; or Polish archaic forms, e.g. asystentka ‘maid of honour’, budni ‘usual, ordinary’, fest ‘church fair’, gadzina ‘viper’, hurba ‘snowbank’, karszun ‘hawk’. Another numerous group are newer loanwords from Russian and Lithuanian, popularised in the post-war period, as well as in the recent years along with the changing role of the Lithuanian language, e.g. elektra ‘electric light, electri­city’, awtoławka ‘travelling shop’, balnica ‘hospital’.A small, yet extremely interesting for researchers, part of the lexis is composed of vocabulary not so well known in the North-Eastern Borderlands or in Lithuania, regionally bound (exhibited solely in the examined areas or in two former tightly-knit Polish-speaking areas), with limited frequency (rare words, appearing in various regions, yet seldom recognized), or restricted as far as the chronology is concerned (not attested presently, until now known only from older, pre-war sources, mainly from the works of Halina Turska), e.g. bracienik ‘cousin’, ciuszka ‘blowhole’, czeladź ‘children, offspring’, lun ‘marsh, swamp’, babaczka ‘bow tie’, murawiejnik ‘anthill’, ciełuszutka ‘heiferdim’, światleć ‘to shine’.A separate group encompasses words previously undocumented in literature, e.g. wieczuruszkować ‘to go to soirees, parties in the evening’, including the unknown word-formation variants, e.g. walaniantówka ‘epilepsy’ vs. walentaczka/walantaczka, or the regionally-bound diminutive forms with typical suffixes, today rare, e.g. buteleniatka ‘bottledim’, chustalutka ‘handkerchiefdim’.It is worth emphasizing that certain parts of the described vocabulary might still be commonly used, however the scarcity of extensive lexical research, as well as the lack of a full dictionary of Polish of the North-Eastern Borderlands render it impossible to resolve this question. Заметки о лексике польского языка в Литве на литовско-латышско-белорусском пограничьеВ статье изложены заметки о лексике польского языка, функционирующего в Литве на литовско-латышско-белорусском пограничье (в районах Зарасай и Игналина), составленные по материалам, собранным во время полевых исследований в 2000–2001 и 2010–2011 годы и проиллюстрированные отобранными примерами. Цель статьи состоит, прежде всего, в том, чтобы обратить внимание на то, какие новшества в польской лексике северовосточных районов отражает собранный материал, какого типа лексику он подтверждает – распространённую и хорошо закрепившуюся либо представленную словами менее знакомыми, реже обнаруживаемыми в литературе. Основная часть собранной лексики – это слова хорошо известные в Литве и на всей территории „польщизны кресовой”, слова различного происхождения из давнего словарного состава, хорошо описанные в научной литературе – литовско-белорусские генетические заимствования или польские архаизмы, напр. asystentka ‘подруга невесты’, budni ‘будничный’, fest ‘храмовый праздник’, gadzina ‘гадюка’, hurba ‘сугроб’, karszun ‘ястреб’. Значительную группу составляют более поздние заимствования из русского и литовского языков, вошедшие в обиход в послевоенный период и в последние годы в связи с новой функцией литовского языка, напр. elektra ‘электричество’, awtoławka ‘автолавка’, balnica ‘больница’. Малочисленную группу лексики, однако наиболее интересную, по мнению исследователей, составляют слова менее распространённые на бывшей польской северовосточной территории или же по всей Литве. Они ограничены территориально (лишь исследованными районами или двумя компактными польскоязычными ареалами), по частотности (редко появляются в отдельных местах), хронологически (в настоящее время не засвидетельствованны или известны лишь по довоенным работам Г. Турской и по записям речи переселенцев из Виленщины в Польшу), напр. bracienik ‘двоюродный брат, кузен’, ciuszka ‘прорубь’, chromina ‘хозяйственная постройка’, czeladź ‘дети, потомки’, lun ‘трясина, топь’, babaczka ‘бабочка, вид галстука’, murawiejnik ‘муравейник’, ciełuszutka ‘тёлка’, światleć ‘светлеть’. Отдельную группу составляют слова, не упоминавшиеся до сих пор в ли- тературе, напр. wieczuruszkować ‘танцевать на вечеринках’, в том числе неизвестные до сих пор словообразовательные варианты, напр. walaniantówka ‘эпилепсия’ перед walentaczka/walantaczka ‘эпилепсия’, или, редкие сегодня, региональные деминутивы с характерными суффиксами, напр. buteleniatka ‘бутылочка’, chustalutka ‘платочек’. Следует оговориться, что часть вышеуказанной лексики возможно известна шире, однако отсутствие широкозапланированных лексических исследований и большого полного словаря польского северовосточного региолекта препятствует решению этого вопроса.


Author(s):  
Julie R. Price ◽  
Micah J. Price ◽  
Marc A. Huntoon

The role of psychosocial variables in the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of pain has grown significantly in the past 30 years. Pain is no longer dichotomously thought of as either a purely psychological or physiological condition (mind–body dualism) but, rather, as a combination of biopsychosocial factors and experiences. The questions in this chapter consider the changing role of these psychosocial factors by exploring the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and other pain-related assessments and psychodiagnostics; cognitive–behavioral, acceptance and commitment, behavioral, and other psychological interventions for pain management; the role of stages of change in selection of interventions; and biopsychosocial theoretical models for understanding pain. The answers provide detailed and empirically supported explanations of the biopsychosocial impact of pain, along with references to texts commonly utilized in the training of anesthesiologists, so as to promote a better understanding of the associated materials.


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