Lokaler Journalismus und Wirtschafts-PR

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Keldenich
Keyword(s):  
Special Functions ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Business News ◽  
Structure Dynamics ◽  
Common Practices ◽  
Individual Effects ◽  
Complex Balancing

How do local journalists perceive the PR of local businesses and how are they influenced by it? This study uses guided interviews with local German journalists to explore the role of PR in local business news. It reveals a wide variety of common practices in different editorial offices. In reference to Schimank’s approach of ‘Akteur-Struktur-Dynamiken’ (actor–structure–dynamics), influences can be assigned to what journalists want to do, what expectations they perceive and what options they have. Journalists face a complex balancing process when they deal with PR conducted in their direct neighborhood. Personal characteristics and relationships are just as important as journalistic self-conceptions and the special functions of local journalism. This book depicts the influence of PR in a two-stage model that considers both manifold factors and their individual effects.

HAEMODYNAMIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF PREECLAMPSIA AND ECLAMPSIA

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRA M BERNSTEIN ◽  
MARILYN J CIPOLLA
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Injury ◽  
Trophoblast Invasion ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Abnormal Placentation ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Second Stage

Current hypotheses regarding the origins of preeclampsia have focused on the “Two stage model”. This model suggests that the primary steps in the pathophysiologic sequence of preeclampsia are initiated by abnormal placentation including the classic finding of abnormal trophoblast invasion of maternal decidual spiral arteries. The second stage of the sequence includes the elaboration of a single or multiple substances from these disordered placentas which contribute to the generalized maternal systemic illness, eventually manifesting as endothelial injury, hypertension and proteinuria. Recent studies have focused on the role of pro and anti-angiogenic peptides as potential placentally derived aetiologic agents in this pathophysiologic sequence, although other placental products have been highlighted in recent research. Despite the fact that this modeling of preeclampsia has widespread support significant limitations to this hypothesis can be identified.

scholarly journals Insight into the Key Points of Preeclampsia Pathophysiology: Uterine Artery Remodeling and the Role of MicroRNAs

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3132
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Pankiewicz ◽  
Anna Fijałkowska ◽  
Tadeusz Issat ◽  
Tomasz M. Maciejewski
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Multiorgan Failure ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Placental Perfusion ◽  
Artery Remodeling

Preeclampsia affects about 3–8% of all pregnancies. It represents a complex and multifaceted syndrome with at least several potential pathways leading to the development of disease. The main dogma in preeclampsia is the two-stage model of disease. Stage 1 (placental stage) takes place in early pregnancy and is thought to be impaired placentation due to inadequate trophoblastic invasion of the maternal spiral arteries that leads to reduced placental perfusion and release of numerous biological factors causing endothelial damage and development of acute maternal syndrome with systemic multiorgan failure (stage 2—the onset of maternal clinical symptoms, maternal stage). Recently, in the light of the vast body of evidence, two-stage model of preeclampsia has been updated with a few novel pathways leading to clinical manifestation in the second part of pregnancy. This paper reviews current state of knowledge about pathophysiology of preeclampsia and places particular focus on the recent advances in understanding of uterine artery remodeling alterations, as well as the role of microRNAs in preeclampsia.

scholarly journals A TWO-STAGE MODEL FOR THE CONTROL OF rDNA MAGNIFICATION

Genetics ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-700
Author(s):  
R Scott Hawley ◽  
Kenneth D Tartof
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Germ Cell Development ◽  
Male Germline ◽  
Growth Properties ◽  
Large Clusters ◽  
Derivatives Of

ABSTRACT Males of the genotype bb/Ybb  - have been shown to produce both magnified (bbm  +) and, less frequently, reduced (bbrl) X chromosomes. An analysis of the progeny of single magnifying bb/Ybb- males reveals that bbm  + revertants may be recovered either as rare single events or, more frequently, in large clusters. To analyze the role of the bb phenotype in the induction of rDNA magnification we have constructed a series of bb and bb  + derivatives of Ybb-. Males carrying an X chromosomal bb allele and one of these derivatives (bb/bbYbb- or bb/bb  +  Ybb-) produce small numbers (one to two) of bbm  + progeny at a frequency similar to that observed for bb/Ybb- males but do not produce large clusters of bbm  + revertants. In addition, bb/bb  +  Ybb- males produce essentially equal numbers of magnified (bbm  +) and reduced (bbrl) X chromosomes. These data, together with a consideration of the growth properties of the male germline in Drosophila, suggest that magnification/reduction may occur at two different times during development. Those events that give rise to large clusters, and, thus, necessarily arise early in germ cell development, appear to be dependent on the bb phenotype. However, those events that give rise to single bbm  +chromosomes arise late in spermatogenesis, probably at meiosis, and are independent of the bb phenotype.

Everybody Follows the Crowd?

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Obermaier ◽  
Thomas Koch ◽  
Christian Baden
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
Bandwagon Effect ◽  
Political News ◽  
Election Results ◽  
Opinion Polls ◽  
Electoral Preferences

Abstract. Opinion polls are a well-established part of political news coverage, especially during election campaigns. At the same time, there has been controversial debate over the possible influences of such polls on voters’ electoral choices. The most prominent influence discussed is the bandwagon effect: It states that voters tend to support the expected winner of an upcoming election, and use polls to determine who the likely winner will be. This study investigated the mechanisms underlying the effect. In addition, we inquired into the role of past electoral performances of a candidate and analyzed how these (as well as polls) are used as heuristic cues for the assessment of a candidate’s personal characteristics. Using an experimental design, we found that both polls and past election results influence participants’ expectations regarding which candidate will succeed. Moreover, higher competence was attributed to a candidate, if recipients believe that the majority of voters favor that candidate. Through this attribution of competence, both information about prior elections and current polls shaped voters’ electoral preferences.

Timing of repeated movements: Test of a two-stage model

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul Sternberg ◽  
Teresa Pantzer
Keyword(s):  
Stage Model ◽  
Two Stage

Impulsivity and Aggression: A Meta-analysis Using the UPPS Model of Impulsivity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Bresin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Negative Urgency ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Trait Impulsivity

Trait impulsivity has long been proposed to play a role in aggression, but the results across studies have been mixed. One possible explanation for the mixed results is that impulsivity is a multifaceted construct and some, but not all, facets are related to aggression. The goal of the current meta-analysis was to determine the relation between the different facets of impulsivity (i.e., negative urgency, positive urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, and sensation seeking) and aggression. The results from 93 papers with 105 unique samples (N = 36, 215) showed significant and small-to-medium correlations between each facet of impulsivity and aggression across several different forms of aggression, with more impulsivity being associated with more aggression. Moreover, negative urgency (r = .24, 95% [.18, .29]), positive urgency (r = .34, 95% [.19, .44]), and lack of premeditation (r = .23, 95% [.20, .26]) had significantly stronger associations with aggression than the other scales (rs < .18). Two-stage meta-analytic structural equation modeling showed that these effects were not due to overlap among facets of impulsivity. These results help advance the field of aggression research by clarifying the role of impulsivity and may be of interest to researchers and practitioners in several disciplines.

Smolensk Proper Names in A.T. Tvardovsky’s Poems

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Inna A. Koroleva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Thematic Content ◽  
Home Town ◽  
Birthday Anniversary ◽  
Long Poems ◽  
First Time

This article is dedicated to the 110th birthday anniversary of a great Russian poet, native of Smolensk, one of the founders of the Smolensk Poetic School Aleksandr Tvardovsky (1910–1971). It examines how Smolensk motifs and Tvardovsky’s love for his home town are reflected in his works at the onomastic level. Smolensk-onyms reflected in long poems are analysed here, the focus being on anthroponyms and toponyms naming the characters and indicating the locations associated with Smolensk region. A close connection between the choice of proper names and Tvardovsky’s biography is established. An attempt is made to demonstrate how, using onomastic units introduced by the author into the storyline of his artistic text, the general principles of autobiography and chronotopy are realized, which have been noted earlier in critiques of Tvardovsky’s literary works. The onomastic component of the poems is analysed thoroughly and comprehensively, which helps us to decode the conceptual chain writer – name – text – reader and identify the author’s attitude to the characters and the ideological and thematic content of the works, as well as some of the author’s personal characteristics, tastes and passions. At the onomastic level, the thesis about the role of Smolensk motifs in Tvardovsky’s literary works is once more substantiated. A review is presented of onomastic studies analysing proper names of different categories in Tvardovsky’s poems (mainly conducted by the representatives of the Voronezh Onomastic School and the author of this article). It should be noted that Smolensk proper names in the entire body of Tvardovsky’s poetry are analysed for the first time.

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