scholarly journals Insight into the Key Points of Preeclampsia Pathophysiology: Uterine Artery Remodeling and the Role of MicroRNAs

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3132
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Pankiewicz ◽  
Anna Fijałkowska ◽  
Tadeusz Issat ◽  
Tomasz M. Maciejewski
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Multiorgan Failure ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Placental Perfusion ◽  
Artery Remodeling

Preeclampsia affects about 3–8% of all pregnancies. It represents a complex and multifaceted syndrome with at least several potential pathways leading to the development of disease. The main dogma in preeclampsia is the two-stage model of disease. Stage 1 (placental stage) takes place in early pregnancy and is thought to be impaired placentation due to inadequate trophoblastic invasion of the maternal spiral arteries that leads to reduced placental perfusion and release of numerous biological factors causing endothelial damage and development of acute maternal syndrome with systemic multiorgan failure (stage 2—the onset of maternal clinical symptoms, maternal stage). Recently, in the light of the vast body of evidence, two-stage model of preeclampsia has been updated with a few novel pathways leading to clinical manifestation in the second part of pregnancy. This paper reviews current state of knowledge about pathophysiology of preeclampsia and places particular focus on the recent advances in understanding of uterine artery remodeling alterations, as well as the role of microRNAs in preeclampsia.

HAEMODYNAMIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF PREECLAMPSIA AND ECLAMPSIA

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRA M BERNSTEIN ◽  
MARILYN J CIPOLLA
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Injury ◽  
Trophoblast Invasion ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Abnormal Placentation ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Second Stage

Current hypotheses regarding the origins of preeclampsia have focused on the “Two stage model”. This model suggests that the primary steps in the pathophysiologic sequence of preeclampsia are initiated by abnormal placentation including the classic finding of abnormal trophoblast invasion of maternal decidual spiral arteries. The second stage of the sequence includes the elaboration of a single or multiple substances from these disordered placentas which contribute to the generalized maternal systemic illness, eventually manifesting as endothelial injury, hypertension and proteinuria. Recent studies have focused on the role of pro and anti-angiogenic peptides as potential placentally derived aetiologic agents in this pathophysiologic sequence, although other placental products have been highlighted in recent research. Despite the fact that this modeling of preeclampsia has widespread support significant limitations to this hypothesis can be identified.

Lokaler Journalismus und Wirtschafts-PR

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Keldenich
Keyword(s):  
Special Functions ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Business News ◽  
Structure Dynamics ◽  
Common Practices ◽  
Individual Effects ◽  
Complex Balancing

How do local journalists perceive the PR of local businesses and how are they influenced by it? This study uses guided interviews with local German journalists to explore the role of PR in local business news. It reveals a wide variety of common practices in different editorial offices. In reference to Schimank’s approach of ‘Akteur-Struktur-Dynamiken’ (actor–structure–dynamics), influences can be assigned to what journalists want to do, what expectations they perceive and what options they have. Journalists face a complex balancing process when they deal with PR conducted in their direct neighborhood. Personal characteristics and relationships are just as important as journalistic self-conceptions and the special functions of local journalism. This book depicts the influence of PR in a two-stage model that considers both manifold factors and their individual effects.

scholarly journals The role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Saranchina ◽  
S. V. Dutova ◽  
O. Yu. Kilina ◽  
N. V. Khanarin ◽  
T. S. Kulakova
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Structure And Functions

Atherosclerosis (AS) is one of the causes of cardiovascular disease. The formation of atherosclerotic lesions of the arteries is a long process, and clinical symptoms appear already at the stage of atherosclerotic plaque (ASB), which prevents blood flow and can cause coronary heart disease, as well as acute coronary syndrome. The study of atherosclerosis mechanisms at the subclinical level is relevant. This article provides a summary of current data on the structure and functions of neutrophils (NF) in physiological processes. Particular attention is paid to the participation of neutrophils in the damage and formation of vascular endothelial dysfunction. Discusses several mechanisms of involvement of neutrophils in atherogenesis: the production of reactive oxygen species, which cause direct endothelial damage; the synthesis of cytokines that trigger the migration of leukocytes in inflammation; the formation of protein complexes with cholesterol, contributing to their deposition in the vessels, and neutrophil traps, triggering destructive-alterative reactions.

scholarly journals The pathophysiology of preeclampsia in view of the two-stage model

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (30) ◽  
pp. 1167-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bálint Alasztics ◽  
Zoltán Kukor ◽  
Zita Pánczél ◽  
Sándor Valent
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Preeclampsia is a common and severe disease in pregnancy, a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The main features of the disease are de novo hypertension after the 20th gestational week and proteinuria, and it is frequently accompanied by edema and other subjective symptoms. The origin of the disease is the placenta, but its sequelae affect multiple organ systems. According to the two-stage model of preeclampsia, the abnormal and hypoperfused placenta (stage 1) releases factors to the bloodstream, which are responsible for the maternal symptoms (stage 2). Oxidative stress, impaired function of nitric-oxide synthase, cellular and humoral immunological factors play an important role in the pathophysiology of the placenta. Endothelial dysfunction is the common denominator of the clinical symptoms. The theory explains the origins of hypertension, proteinuria, edema and other symptoms as well. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1167–1176.

scholarly journals A TWO-STAGE MODEL FOR THE CONTROL OF rDNA MAGNIFICATION

Genetics ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-700
Author(s):  
R Scott Hawley ◽  
Kenneth D Tartof
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Germ Cell Development ◽  
Male Germline ◽  
Growth Properties ◽  
Large Clusters ◽  
Derivatives Of

ABSTRACT Males of the genotype bb/Ybb  - have been shown to produce both magnified (bbm  +) and, less frequently, reduced (bbrl) X chromosomes. An analysis of the progeny of single magnifying bb/Ybb- males reveals that bbm  + revertants may be recovered either as rare single events or, more frequently, in large clusters. To analyze the role of the bb phenotype in the induction of rDNA magnification we have constructed a series of bb and bb  + derivatives of Ybb-. Males carrying an X chromosomal bb allele and one of these derivatives (bb/bbYbb- or bb/bb  +  Ybb-) produce small numbers (one to two) of bbm  + progeny at a frequency similar to that observed for bb/Ybb- males but do not produce large clusters of bbm  + revertants. In addition, bb/bb  +  Ybb- males produce essentially equal numbers of magnified (bbm  +) and reduced (bbrl) X chromosomes. These data, together with a consideration of the growth properties of the male germline in Drosophila, suggest that magnification/reduction may occur at two different times during development. Those events that give rise to large clusters, and, thus, necessarily arise early in germ cell development, appear to be dependent on the bb phenotype. However, those events that give rise to single bbm  +chromosomes arise late in spermatogenesis, probably at meiosis, and are independent of the bb phenotype.

F VIII R:Ag/F VIII:C Ratio and Beta-Thromboglobulin Levels in Haemolytic-Uremic Syndrome in Children

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Rossi ◽  
M.M. Cossu ◽  
E. Margstakler ◽  
P. Mondonico ◽  
V. Tantalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Haemolytic Uremic Syndrome ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Uremic Syndrome

Four infants with Haemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (HUS) were investigated sequentially for F VIII R: Ag/F VIII: C ratio, F VIII: C (one-stage method)/ F VIII: C (two-stage method) ratio and beta-thromboglobulin levels. There is a close relationship between the patterns of FVIII R: Ag/F VIII: C ratio and beta-thromboglobulin, as well as between these parameters and the course of the disease. High values of F VIII R: Ag/F VIII: C ratio and beta-thromboglobulin levels were found in the acute phase of the disease and normal values during remission (after treatment with plasma and anti-aggregating agents). Moreover, normal values of F VIII: C (one-stage method)/F VIII: C (two-stage method) ratio (indicating enhanced thrombin production) were always found.These data confirm the prominent role of endothelial damage and subsequent platelets aggregation in the pathogenesis of HUS in children.

Timing of repeated movements: Test of a two-stage model

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul Sternberg ◽  
Teresa Pantzer
Keyword(s):  
Stage Model ◽  
Two Stage

Potential role of an endothelium-specific growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, on endothelial damage in diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Morishita ◽  
S. Nakamura ◽  
Y. Nakamura ◽  
M. Aoki ◽  
A. Moriguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Hepatocyte Growth Factor ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Specific Growth Factor ◽  
Hepatocyte Growth
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