Mutual Dependence

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-32
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Dependence

Waldentwicklung als Politikfeld. Das südwestliche Rheinland (Deutschland) im 18. Jahrhundert | Political dimension of forest development. Southwest Rhineland (Germany) in the 18th century

2001 ◽  
Vol 152 (12) ◽  
pp. 484-489
Author(s):  
Christoph Ernst
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Mutual Dependence ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Production Agriculture ◽  
Landed Gentry ◽  
Archive Material

Evaluation of archive material from southwest Rhineland, Germany,has provided new knowledge on the development of forests in the 18th century. The society of those times had three different main requirements, which called for three different types of forest; for wood production, agriculture and hunting. But both landed gentry and the community as a whole were interested in maximising the use of the forest. It is therefore not accurate to conclude that wood production was only in the interest of the landowners and agriculture in the interest of the rest of the community. In addition, the different types of forest were subject to mutual dependence because changing one parameter meant that the balance governing wood production,grazing and arable areas, as well as habitat for game,also shifted. These interests, both divergent and common, of the population as a whole lead to the conclusion that forestry development was a highly political issue, and that the influence of the non-owning part of the population was greater than previously thought.

PLAYING WITH FIRE COLLECTIVELY: CONTEMPORARY CULTURAL RITES AS DEVISERS AND OUTCOMES OF COMMUNITY NETWORKS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Colombo ◽  
Jaime Altuna ◽  
Esther Oliver-Grasiot
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
Community Networks ◽  
Mutual Dependence ◽  
Community Solidarity ◽  
Symbolic Content ◽  
The Relationship

Popular festivities and traditional events are important moments in which symbolic content, deep emotions and community solidarity are developed. However, there has been little research on the relationship between such events and their social networks and the power relations within these networks. This paper explores the ability of community events and networks to reflect and strengthen social context. Rather than observing the capacity of the event to generate a network, we focus on identifying how the event network is constructed, and how it creates relationships between the different groups, or nodes, within broader social networks. The case analysed is the Correfoc de la Mercè, a traditional firework event in Barcelona involving the Colles de diables, or Catalan popular fire culture groups. Our findings show that there is a bidirectional link or a mutual dependence between the groups (or nodes) and the event, which also support the development of shared social and symbolic capital.

scholarly journals Virtual pollination trade uncovers global dependence on biodiversity of developing countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. eabe6636
Author(s):  
F. D. S. Silva ◽  
L. G. Carvalheiro ◽  
J. Aguirre-Gutiérrez ◽  
M. Lucotte ◽  
K. Guidoni-Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Online Tool ◽  
Mutual Dependence ◽  
Development Level

Nations’ food consumption patterns are increasingly globalized and trade dependent. Natural resources used for agriculture (e.g., water, pollinators) are hence being virtually exchanged across countries. Inspired by the virtual water concept, we, herein, propose the concept of virtual biotic pollination flow as an indicator of countries’ mutual dependence on biodiversity-based ecosystem services and provide an online tool to visualize trade flow. Using information on 55 pollinator-dependent crop markets (2001–2015), we show that countries with higher development level demand high levels of biodiversity-based services to sustain their consumption patterns. Such patterns are supported by importation of virtual biotic pollination (up to 40% of national imports of pollinator-dependent crops) from developing countries, stimulating cropland expansion. Quantifying virtual pollination flow can help develop new global socioeconomic policies to meet the interconnected challenges of biodiversity loss, ecosystem health, and social justice.

scholarly journals Mutual Dependence of Random Variables and Maximum Discretized Entropy

1985 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 630-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Bertoluzza ◽  
Bruno Forte
Keyword(s):  
Random Variables ◽  
Mutual Dependence

F-Test Alternatives to Fisher’s Exact Test and to the Chi-Square Test of Homogeneity in 2 × 2 Tables

1983 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Overall ◽  
Robert R. Starbuck
Keyword(s):  
Beta Distribution ◽  
Binary Response ◽  
Binomial Model ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Probability ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Mutual Dependence ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Test Of Homogeneity ◽  
Chi Square Test

A binomial model is proposed for testing the significance of differences in binary response probabilities in two independent treatment groups. Without correction for continuity, the binomial statistic is essentially equivalent to Fisher’s exact probability. With correction for continuity, the binomial statistic approaches Pearson’s chi-square. Due to mutual dependence of the binomial and F distributions on the beta distribution, a simple F statistic can be used for computation instead of the binomial.

“L’enfer, c’est les autres”: Photographic Representations of Character Development in Sartre’s Huis clos

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Habashi ◽  
Shannon Hogan ◽  
Victoria Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Character Development ◽  
Body Language ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Second Empire ◽  
Mutual Dependence ◽  
Jean Paul ◽  
Artistic Medium

Huis clos (No Exit), a play by Jean-Paul Sartre, is an unconventional representation of Hell, where three individuals torture one another in a Second Empire style lounge complete with a butler, a servant bell, and extravagant furniture. Estelle, Inès, and Garcin are eternally inseparable, and their non-violent  manner of torture - namely, the manipulation of each other’s earthly insecurities - inspires the famous quote “L’enfer, c’est les autres” (“Hell is other people”). In our presentation, we will explore the possibility of transposing this famous play in a different artistic medium. As an alternative medium to theatre, photography uses instantaneous frames to capture the complex details of character relations and theme without deviating too far from the play’s original form. Our work consists of a series of three photographs that use symbolic objects and body language to illustrate each character’s unique version of Hell. When taken both individually and as a whole, these photos represent a cycle of mutual torture and mutual dependence, and highlight the ways in which the characters’ past lives influence the form that torture takes in the afterlife. Parts of this presentation will be in English, and components requiring textual analysis will be done in French.

scholarly journals Speech Culture: Postmodern Dimensions of the Professional Standard

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia STRATULAT ◽  
Olesia MARTINA ◽  
Nataliia TRETIAK ◽  
Mariana HORDIICHUK ◽  
Evelina BOIEVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Process ◽  
Professional Standard ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Mutual Dependence ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Speech Activity ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Language Norms ◽  
Descriptive Method

The article is devoted to topical issues of the culture of professional speech of representatives of the field of law, the level of which is an indicator of professionalism and general culture of the specialist in today's conditions. The purpose of the article is a comprehensive review of speech culture in the professional activities of lawyers at the present stage of development of Ukraine. In the research process, a descriptive method was used, as well as linguistic observation. The content of the concepts of “culture of speech”, “culture of speech”, “culture of professional speech”, “culture of professional speech of a jurist” is highlighted and delimited, and it is also determined that they are in a logical mutual dependence and interdependence. It is revealed that the main standards in the speech activity of a lawyer are correctness, accuracy, logic, clarity, purity, conciseness and expediency, where normativity plays a key role. The studied material demonstrates typical mistakes of irregularity of language norms (accentuation, spelling, lexical, morphological) in professional speech. The causes of these mistakes (primarily interference) are identified and ways to eliminate them are named. After analyzing the importance of language literacy and noting the importance of increasing its level for perfect mastery of the Ukrainian language standards and application in practice, it is emphasized that the culture of professional literacy today is the key to the success of a professional personality of a lawyer.

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