scholarly journals Utilization of faba bean (Ficia faba) by-products as feed ingredients for lactating cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-259
Author(s):  
M. Y. Al-Saiady
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Composition and Nutritional Value of Acid Oils and Fatty Acid Distillates Used in Animal Feeding

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Elisa Varona ◽  
Alba Tres ◽  
Magdalena Rafecas ◽  
Stefania Vichi ◽  
Ana C. Barroeta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Analytical Control ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
By Products

Acid oils (AO) and fatty acid distillates (FAD) are oil refining by-products rich in free fatty acids. The objective of this study is their characterization and the identification of their sources of variability so that they can be standardized to improve their use as feed ingredients. Samples (n=92) were collected from the Spanish market and the MIU value (sum of moisture, insoluble impurities, and unsaponifiable matter), lipid classes, fatty acid composition, and tocol content were analyzed. Their composition was highly variable even between batches from the same producer. As FAD originated from a distillation step, they showed higher free fatty acid amounts (82.5 vs 57.0 g/100 g, median values), whereas AO maintained higher proportions of moisture, polymers, tri-, di-, and monoacylglycerols. Overall, the MIU value was higher in AO (2.60–18.50 g/100 g in AO vs 0.63-10.44 g/100 g in FAD), with most of the contents of insoluble impurities being higher than those in the guidelines. Tocol and fatty acid composition were influenced by the crude oil’s botanical origin. The calculated dietary energy values were, in general, higher for AO and decreased when a MIU correction factor was applied. The analytical control and standardization of these by-products is of the outmost importance to revalorize them as feed ingredients.

Effect of Olive Mill By-products on Mineral Status, Growth and Productivity of Faba Bean

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah M. Aqeel ◽  
Khalid M. Hameed ◽  
Muhammad Alaudatt
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Mineral Status ◽  
By Products ◽  
Olive Mill

scholarly journals Comparison of Faecal versus Rumen Inocula for the Estimation of NDF Digestibility

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Chiaravalli ◽  
Luca Rapetti ◽  
Andrea Rota Graziosi ◽  
Gianluca Galassi ◽  
Gianni Matteo Crovetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
The Mean

Cow faeces have been investigated as alternative inoculum to replace rumen fluid to determine neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility (NDFD). Aims of this study were to estimate: (1) the NDFD (48 h) of feed ingredients using a rumen inoculum in comparison with faecal inocula from cows fed diets with different forage basis; (2) the undigestible NDF (uNDF) at 240 and 360 h with ruminal fluid and faecal inocula from lactating cows fed two different diets. At 48 h incubation, the NDFD was affected both by feed and type of inoculum (p < 0.01) and by their interaction (p = 0.03). Overall, the mean NDFD was higher for rumen inoculum than for faecal inocula (585 vs. 389 g/kg NDF, p < 0.05), and faecal inoculum obtained from cows fed hay-based diets gave lower NDFD than those from cows fed maize silage (367 vs. 440 g/kg, p < 0.05). At long incubation times, the average uNDF was affected by substrate, inoculum and incubation time (p < 0.01), but not by their interactions. For each inoculum, significantly lower values were obtained at 360 than at 240 h. Regressions between uNDF with rumen and with the tested faecal inocula resulted in r2 ≥ 0.98. Despite the differences at 48 h, the uNDF showed that faecal inoculum could replace rumen fluid at longer incubation times.

scholarly journals Single-cell Protein and Single-cell Oil Production from Agro-industrial By-products

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Krišs Spalviņš
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Fish Feeds ◽  
Aquaculture Industry ◽  
Fish And Shellfish ◽  
By Products

The aquaculture industry has been the fastest growing food production industry in the world for the last 25 years. In turn, wild capture has been stagnant for the last 20 years. As a result, in 2014 the aquaculture industry outpaced wild capture and today most fish and shellfish products are farmed in aquaculture rather than caught. Although aquaculture has a number of advantages over wild capture, the rapid development of aquaculture has led to a shortage of fish feeds. The aquaculture industry has tried to solve the feed shortage by replacing traditional feed ingredients with ones derived from agriculture, but this solution is inappropriate because plant-based ingredients are not suitable for the intestinal tract of farmed carnivorous fish, they lack several essential amino acids, and vegetable fats do not contain Omega-3 fatty acids essential in human diet. Therefore, it is necessary to find new raw materials that are suitable for use in fish feed, do not create additional burdens on the environment as wild capture and agriculture do, and also ensure that fish products fed with new raw materials are healthy for human consumption. The most suitable ingredients for these requirements are single-cell proteins (SCP) and single-cell oils (SCO). SCP and SCO are derived from microorganisms that are able to produce large amounts of proteins or oils in their cells. Currently, SCP and SCO production technologies are already used to produce high value-added products, such as pharmaceuticals, building-block chemicals, baby food, etc. However, these technologies involve the cultivation of the relevant microorganisms using refined sugars, which are relatively expensive and the use of such raw materials in the production of fish feed is not competitive. Therefore, in order to implement SCP and SCO technologies in the production of fish feeds, it is necessary to find cheap raw materials for the cultivation of microorganisms. The most suitable raw materials for the cultivation of microorganisms are biodegradable by-products of various industries. The aim of the work is to analyse the most suitable by-products for the cultivation of SCP and SCO producing microorganisms. The analysis includes: (1) literature analysis on all suitable by-products, describing the characteristics, availability and reported SCP and SCO yields when using by-products as substrates; (2) the development of a by-product supply optimization model and a case study for one by-product using the developed model; (3) creation of a laboratory stand for practical experiments; (4) experiment where SCP is produced from a previously unexplored by-product and a microorganism strain combination. The dissertation is created as a set of publications, which combines parts of scientific publications written during doctoral studies. The introduction to the work describes the aims and tasks of the work, as well as a description of scientific and practical significance. The first chapter describes the current situation in the aquaculture industry, the causes of fish feed shortages, possible solutions and the rationale for the production of SCP and SCO from by-products as the best alternative for the production of fish feed ingredients. The second chapter reviews the by-products that are suitable for the production of SCP and SCO, as well as describes the development of a by-product procurement model and a case study. The third chapter describes the creation of a laboratory stand. The fourth chapter describes practical experiments for obtaining SCP from waste cooking oil. At the end of the work, conclusions are made and recommendations are given.

scholarly journals The Dairy Cow Slurry Composition Used as Organic Fertilizer Is Influenced by the Level and Origin of the Dietary Protein

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2812
Author(s):  
Fernando Vicente ◽  
Douâa Elouadaf ◽  
Alejandra Sánchez-Vera ◽  
Ana Soldado ◽  
Senén De La Torre-Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Silage Process ◽  
Slurry Composition ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Less than 30% of dairy cattle’s nitrogen ingested is retained in milk. Therefore, large amounts of nitrogen can be excreted in manure and urine with a potential environmental impact. In addition, some legume forages can be more susceptible to proteolysis during the silage process than grasses, and dairy cows fed these legume silages would excrete a larger quantity of nitrogen in slurry. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the amount of nitrogen excretion in dairy cows fed different protein levels and legume silages with a view to improve the slurry quality as a co-product that can be used as fertilizer. Two double 3 × 3 Latin square trials were carried out in order to study three different protein levels (high, medium, and low) and three different silages (grass, faba bean, and field pea). Dry matter intake, milk production, and composition were not affected by treatments. The excretion of ammonia-N in the urine was almost four times lower in the diet with the lowest protein level. The ammonia-N in the urine was twice as high with the pea silage than faba bean and grass silages. In conclusion, the diet containing 13% of protein meets the protein requirement for lactating cows producing 31 kg daily, with low nitrogen excretion in the urine, and the main pathway for the excretion of surplus nitrogen from legume silages is through urine and the metabolization of pea silage protein goes toward ammonia-N.

scholarly journals Validation Study of a Lateral-Flow Immunoassay for Detection of Ruminant By-Product Material in Animal Feeds and Feed Ingredients: Performance-Tested MethodSM 010405

2005 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 1583-1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Klein ◽  
Tony Lupo ◽  
Don Pielack ◽  
Mark Mozola ◽  
David Pinero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Animal Feeds ◽  
Flow Test ◽  
Lateral Flow Test ◽  
By Products ◽  
Feed Mill ◽  
Ruminant Feed

Abstract An immunoassay with a lateral flow format has been developed for the detection of ruminant by-product material in animal feeds and feed ingredients. The test is designed for the analysis of animal feeds destined for feeding to ruminants to ensure that they do not contain ruminant by-products in violation of the ruminant-to-ruminant feed ban established by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1997. This feed ban was established as a firewall against exposure of ruminant livestock animals to the prion agents responsible for neurological diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie. The test is designed for field use, e.g., at a feed mill, and yields a qualitative (presence/absence) result in 15–20 min. The objective of the study was to validate the lateral-flow test for detection of ruminant by-product material in a variety of finished animal feeds and feed ingredients. Results indicate that the test is specific for ruminant material and can detect as little as 1% ruminant material in these commodities.

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