scholarly journals Coordinated alteration of mRNA-microRNA transcriptomes associated with exosomes and fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in grazing cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1824-1836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Muroya ◽  
Hideki Ogasawara ◽  
Kana Nohara ◽  
Mika Oe ◽  
Koichi Ojima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Organ Crosstalk ◽  
Grazing Cattle ◽  
Liver Tissues

Objective: On the hypothesis that grazing of cattle prompts organs to secrete or internalize circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) in parallel with changes in energy metabolism, we aimed to clarify biological events in adipose, skeletal muscle, and liver tissues in grazing Japanese Shorthorn (JSH) steers by a transcriptomic approach.Methods: The subcutaneous fat (SCF), biceps femoris muscle (BFM), and liver in JSH steers after three months of grazing or housing were analyzed using microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), followed by gene ontology (GO) and functional annotation analyses.Results: The results of transcriptomics indicated that SCF was highly responsive to grazing compared to BFM and liver tissues. The ‘Exosome’, ‘Carbohydrate metabolism’ and ‘Lipid metabolism’ were extracted as the relevant GO terms in SCF and BFM, and/or liver from the >1.5-fold-altered mRNAs in grazing steers. The qPCR analyses showed a trend of upregulated gene expression related to exosome secretion and internalization (charged multivesicular body protein 4A, vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B, vesicle associated membrane protein 7, caveolin 1) in the BFM and SCF, as well as upregulation of lipolysisassociated mRNAs (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, hormone-sensitive lipase, perilipin 1, adipose triglyceride lipase, fatty acid binding protein 4) and most of the microRNAs (miRNAs) in SCF. Moreover, gene expression related to fatty acid uptake and inter-organ signaling (solute carrier family 27 member 4 and angiopoietin-like 4) was upregulated in BFM, suggesting activation of SCF-BFM organ crosstalk for energy metabolism. Meanwhile, expression of plasma exosomal miR-16a, miR-19b, miR-21-5p, and miR-142-5p was reduced. According to bioinformatic analyses, the c-miRNA target genes are associated with the terms ‘Endosome’, ‘Caveola’, ‘Endocytosis’, ‘Carbohydrate metabolism’, and with pathways related to environmental information processing and the endocrine system.Conclusion: Exosome and fatty acid metabolism-related gene expression was altered in SCF of grazing cattle, which could be regulated by miRNA such as miR-142-5p. These changes occurred coordinately in both the SCF and BFM, suggesting involvement of exosome in the SCF-BFM organ crosstalk to modulate energy metabolism.

Role of the AMP-activated protein kinase in regulating fatty acid metabolism during exerciseThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled 14th International Biochemistry of Exercise Conference – Muscles as Molecular and Metabolic Machines, and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer review process.

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

During moderate-intensity exercise, fatty acids are the predominant substrate for working skeletal muscle. The release of fatty acids from adipose tissue stores, combined with the ability of skeletal muscle to actively fine tune the gradient between fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism, depending on substrate availability and energetic demands, requires a coordinated system of metabolic control. Over the past decade, since the discovery that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was increased in accordance with exercise intensity, there has been significant interest in the proposed role of this ancient stress-sensing kinase as a critical integrative switch controlling metabolic responses during exercise. In this review, studies examining the role of AMPK as a regulator of fatty acid metabolism in both adipose tissue and skeletal muscle during exercise will be discussed. Exercise induces activation of AMPK in adipocytes and regulates triglyceride hydrolysis and esterfication through phosphorylation of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and glycerol-3-phosphate acyl-transferase, respectively. In skeletal muscle, exercise-induced activation of AMPK is associated with increases in fatty acid uptake, phosphorylation of HSL, and increased fatty acid oxidation, which is thought to occur via the acetyl-CoA carboxylase-malony-CoA-CPT-1 signalling axis. Despite the importance of AMPK in regulating fatty acid metabolism under resting conditions, recent evidence from transgenic models of AMPK deficiency suggest that alternative signalling pathways may also be important for the control of fatty acid metabolism during exercise.

scholarly journals Coordinated multitissue transcriptional and plasma metabonomic profiles following acute caloric restriction in mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Selman ◽  
Nicola D. Kerrison ◽  
Anisha Cooray ◽  
Matthew D. W. Piper ◽  
Steven J. Lingard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cellular Transport ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Transcriptional Changes

Caloric restriction (CR) increases healthy life span in a range of organisms. The underlying mechanisms are not understood but appear to include changes in gene expression, protein function, and metabolism. Recent studies demonstrate that acute CR alters mortality rates within days in flies. Multitissue transcriptional changes and concomitant metabolic responses to acute CR have not been described. We generated whole genome RNA transcript profiles in liver, skeletal muscle, colon, and hypothalamus and simultaneously measured plasma metabolites using proton nuclear magnetic resonance in mice subjected to acute CR. Liver and muscle showed increased gene expressions associated with fatty acid metabolism and a reduction in those involved in hepatic lipid biosynthesis. Glucogenic amino acids increased in plasma, and gene expression for hepatic gluconeogenesis was enhanced. Increased expression of genes for hormone-mediated signaling and decreased expression of genes involved in protein binding and development occurred in hypothalamus. Cell proliferation genes were decreased and cellular transport genes increased in colon. Acute CR captured many, but not all, hepatic transcriptional changes of long-term CR. Our findings demonstrate a clear transcriptional response across multiple tissues during acute CR, with congruent plasma metabolite changes. Liver and muscle switched gene expression away from energetically expensive biosynthetic processes toward energy conservation and utilization processes, including fatty acid metabolism and gluconeogenesis. Both muscle and colon switched gene expression away from cellular proliferation. Mice undergoing acute CR rapidly adopt many transcriptional and metabolic changes of long-term CR, suggesting that the beneficial effects of CR may require only a short-term reduction in caloric intake.

Abstract 3: The Histone Methyltransferase Smyd1 is a Novel Transcriptional Regulator of Cardiac Fatty Acid Metabolism in Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 119 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko S Warren ◽  
Dane W Barton ◽  
Mickey Miller ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
James Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Transcriptional Start Site ◽  
Cardiac Metabolism ◽  
Histone Methyltransferase ◽  
Tamoxifen Treatment ◽  
Mrna Levels

Epigenetic control of metabolism in the healthy and diseased heart remains poorly understood. We recently demonstrated that chromatin-bound Smyd1, a muscle-specific histone methyltransferase, is significantly upregulated in a mouse model of pressure overload-induced heart failure (HF) and that inducible, cardiac-specific Smyd1 knock-out (Smyd1-KO) mice develop cellular hypertrophy and fulminate HF. Bioinformatic analysis of transcripts differentially regulated in these mice revealed that cardiac metabolism was the most perturbed biological function in the heart. However, it was not clear whether alterations in cardiac metabolism were a direct consequence of Smyd1 deletion or were secondary to developed HF. Here we hypothesized that Smyd1 directly regulates cardiac metabolism; the effects of which should be detectable in Smyd1-KO mice before overt cardiac dysfunction. To test this hypothesis we performed unbiased metabolomic analysis of Smyd1-KO mice using GC/MS and MS/MS (n=9 control, n=10 KO) combined with targeted gene expression analysis. Our results showed significant changes in the metabolic profile of Smyd1-KO mice at the earliest time point (3 weeks after tamoxifen treatment) in which Smyd1 protein expression was significantly reduced while cardiac function remained normal. The most profound difference, in energetics-associated pathways in these mice, was found in fatty acid β-oxidation, manifested by the decreased myocardial content of carnitine and free fatty acids and downregulation of their transporters, OCTN2 and CD36. In addition, mRNA levels of the PPAR-α complex (PPAR-α;RXR-α;PGC-1α), an established regulator of fatty acid β-oxidation, and its target genes (CPT1b;CD36;Acox1;MCAD) were significantly reduced in Smyd1-KO mice prior to the onset of cardiac dysfunction (all p<0.05). To identify whether Smyd1 directly controls gene expression of PPAR-α, we examined the PPAR-α loci using chromatin-immunoprecipitation followed by qPCR and observed significant binding of Smyd1 upstream of the PPAR-α transcriptional start site. Overall, this study identifies Smyd1 as a novel regulator of fatty acid metabolism and suggests that Smyd1 controls cardiac energetics directly by regulating gene expression of PPAR-α.

Abstract O-1: Klf5 Regulates Cardiac Pparα and Med13 and affects Cardiac Fatty Acid Metabolism And Obesity

2014 ◽  
Vol 115 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Drosatos ◽  
Nina Pollak ◽  
Panagiotis Ntziachristos ◽  
Chad M Trent ◽  
Yunying Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Initiation Site ◽  
White Adipocytes ◽  
Metabolic Role

Krüppel-like factors (KLF) have been associated with metabolic phenotypes. Our study focused on the metabolic role of cardiac KLF5, as it showed the highest increase among all KLFs that were detected by whole genome microarrays of energy-starved hearts obtained from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice. Analysis of ppara promoter indicated two potential binding sites for c-Jun (AP-1 sites), the transcriptional factor that is activated by LPS and reduces cardiac PPARα expression: −792/-772 bp and −719/-698 bp prior to the transcription initiation site. This analysis showed that both AP-1 sites overlap with potential KLF-binding sites. Adenovirus-mediated expression of constitutively active c-Jun in a mouse cardiomyocyte cell line (HL-1) reduced PPARα gene expression, while treatment with Ad-KLF5 had the opposite effect. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis (ChIP) showed that c-Jun binds both −792/-772 bp and −719/-698 sites of ppara promoter while KLF5 binds on −792/-772 bp. ChIP analysis also showed that LPS promotes c-Jun binding on −792/-772 bp, which prohibits occupation of this region by KLF5. A cardiomyocyte-specific KLF5 knockout mouse (αMHC-KLF5-/-) had normal cardiac function but reduced cardiac expression of PPARα (50%) and other fatty acid metabolism-associated genes such as CD36 (40%), LpL (20%), PGC1α (45%), AOX (28%) and Cpt1 (45%). High fat diet (HFD)-fed αMHC-KLF5-/- mice had a more profound body weight increase (35%) compared to HFD-fed WT mice (15%), as well as larger white adipocytes and brown adipocytes (H&E) and increased hepatic neutral lipid accumulation (Oil-Red-O). The obesogenic effect of cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of KLF5 resembles the phenotype of the αMHC-MED13-/- mice. We showed that KLF5 ablation reduced cardiac MED13 levels despite lack of changes in the expression levels of miR-208, a known regulator of MED13. Infection of HL-1 cells with Ad-KLF5 increased MED13 gene expression. ChIP identified a KLF5 binding site on med13 gene promoter region (-730/-714 bp). Thus, KLF5 regulates cardiac PPARα and MED13 and affects cardiac and systemic fatty acid metabolism and obesity, thus indicating KLF5 as a potential target for cardiac dysfunction associated with energetic complications, as well as for obesity

Effects of hyperoxic gas mixtures on energy metabolism during prolonged work

1975 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Wilson ◽  
H. G. Welch ◽  
J. N. Liles
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Exercise Tests

These experiments were designed to study selected respiratory and metabolic responses to exercise in hyperoxia. Four subjects were examined during 30-min bicycle ergometer rides at both 40% and 80% of their aerobic maximum. The VO2 was significantly increased at both work levels breathing 60% O2 versus 21% O2, while VCO2 showed no significant change during the 40% exercise tests but was significantly decreased during the 80% intensity rides. The average increase in the volume of O2 taken up during 30 min of hyperoxic exercise, compared with normoxia, was 3.3 liters at the 40% exercise level and 5.6 liters at the 80% level. Neither the magnitude of the O2 nor the CO2 storage calculated for the exercise bouts could explain these increases. Steady-state criteria for the gas stores were established by the stable values of PETCO2, VO2, VCO2, and VI from minute 6 through 30 at both work levels. R values decreased during the hyperoxic tests suggesting the possibility of a shift toward increased fatty acid metabolism.

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