scholarly journals Effect of golden needle mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) stem waste on laying performance, calcium utilization, immune response and serum immunity at early phase of production

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shad Mahfuz ◽  
Hui Song ◽  
Zhongjun Liu ◽  
Xinyu Liu ◽  
Zipeng Diao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Flammulina Velutipes ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Calcium Utilization

Effects of Flammulina velutipes polysaccharide on immune response and intestinal microbiota in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiqiu Zhao ◽  
Qiuhui Hu ◽  
Gaoxing Ma ◽  
Anxiang Su ◽  
Minhao Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Flammulina Velutipes

scholarly journals Methods for comparing durability of immune responses between vaccine regimens in early-phase trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-93
Author(s):  
Ted Westling ◽  
Michal Juraska ◽  
Kelly E. Seaton ◽  
Georgia D. Tomaras ◽  
Peter B. Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Hiv Vaccine ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Hiv Vaccine Trials ◽  
Statistical Inferences ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
Early Phase Trials ◽  
The Mean

The ability to produce a long-lasting, or durable, immune response is a crucial characteristic of many highly effective vaccines. A goal of early-phase vaccine trials is often to compare the immune response durability of multiple tested vaccine regimens. One parameter for measuring immune response durability is the area under the mean post-peak log immune response profile. In this paper, we compare immune response durability across vaccine regimens within and between two phase I trials of DNA-primed HIV vaccine regimens, HVTN 094 and HVTN 096. We compare four estimators of this durability parameter and the resulting statistical inferences for comparing vaccine regimens. Two of these estimators use the trapezoid rule as an empirical approximation of the area under the marginal log response curve, and the other two estimators are based on linear and nonlinear models for the marginal mean log response. We conduct a simulation study to compare the four estimators, provide guidance on estimator selection, and use the nonlinear marginal mean model to analyze immunogenicity data from the two HIV vaccine trials.

Regulatory parameters of the lung immune response during the early phase of experimental trichinellosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido H. Falduto ◽  
Cecilia C. Vila ◽  
María P. Saracino ◽  
María V. Gentilini ◽  
Stella M. Venturiello
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Early Phase

scholarly journals Lack of Interleukin-6 Affects IFN-γ and TNF-α Production and Early In Vivo Control of Brucella abortus Infection

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1040
Author(s):  
Erika S. Guimarães ◽  
Jéssica M. Martins ◽  
Marco Túlio R. Gomes ◽  
Daiane M. Cerqueira ◽  
Sergio C. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine promptly produced in response to infections, which contributes to host defense through the stimulation of acute phase immune responses. Brucella abortus is an intracellular bacterium that causes chronic disease in humans and domestic animals and triggers a robust immune response, characterized by the production of inflammatory cytokines. However, the mechanisms of IL-6-related immune responses in the context of Brucella infections are not completely understood. In this report, we describe an increased susceptibility of IL-6 knockout (KO) mice in the early phase of Brucella infection. Furthermore, we demonstrate that IL-6 is required for interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induction by infected splenocytes, indicating a protective role for IL-6 against B. abortus that parallels with Th1 type of immune response. Additionally, IL-6 KO mice exhibited reduced splenomegaly during the early phase of the infection. Corroborating this result, IL-6 KO mice displayed reduced numbers of macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils in the spleen and reduced myeloperoxidase activity in the liver compared to wild-type infected mice. However, we demonstrate that IL-6 is not involved in B. abortus intracellular restriction in mouse macrophages. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that IL-6 contributes to host resistance during the early phase of B. abortus infection in vivo, and suggest that its protective role maybe partially mediated by proinflammatory immune responses and immune cell recruitment.

scholarly journals T Cell Zones of Lymphoid Organs Constitutively Express Th1 Cytokine mRNA: Specific Changes during the Early Phase of an Immune Response

2006 ◽  
Vol 176 (2) ◽  
pp. 741-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Kalies ◽  
Maike Blessenohl ◽  
Julia Nietsch ◽  
Jürgen Westermann
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Cytokine Mrna ◽  
Th1 Cytokine

scholarly journals Cell-Mediated Immune Response during Primary Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 7156-7158 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Halme ◽  
J. Latvala ◽  
R. Karttunen ◽  
I. Palatsi ◽  
P. Saikku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response

ABSTRACT The development of Chlamydia pneumoniae-specific cell-mediated immunity was studied during a primary C. pneumoniae infection. The immune response was detected as positive lymphocyte proliferation and secretion of interferon gamma.C. pneumoniae-induced activation of both CD4+and CD8+ T cells was detected in the early phase of infection, but activation of only CD4+ T cells was detected in the later stage.

scholarly journals Laying performance, immune response and antioxidant properties of hens segregating for naked neck and frizzle genes under low ambient temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 216-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moataz Fathi ◽  
Ibrahim Al-Homidan ◽  
Gamal Rayan ◽  
Salah El-Safty ◽  
Tarek Ebeid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Naked Neck ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Low Ambient Temperature

Major genes could be introgressed into laying hens to attenuate heat stress. However, under cold and/or moderate ambient temperature, these genes might possess different behaviour. The main objective of this study was to evaluate laying performance, immune response, and antioxidant status of native laying hens segregating for naked neck (Na) and frizzle (F) genes under low ambient temperature. Five genotypes were studied: homozygous naked neck (NaNaff), heterozygous naked neck (Nanaff), homozygous frizzle (nanaFF), heterozygous frizzle (nanaFf), and normally feathered (nanaff). The hens were raised under temperature range 22.2–16.7°C. No adverse effect due to ambient temperature was detected in laying performance for naked neck genotypes. Significant decrease in egg weight was recorded in nanaFF genotype compared to the other genotypes leading to significant decrease in egg mass. Significant improvement in shell thickness was associated with Na and F genes. NaNaff genotype had a significantly higher eggshell strength compared to nanaff. Furthermore, Na and F genes improved cellular mediated immune responsiveness, whereas this improvement did not extend to humoral immunity. Birds carrying F gene in homozygous state had a higher total antioxidant activity compared to the remaining genotypes. It could be concluded that the presence of Na and F genes in laying hens raised under low ambient temperature significantly increased shell thickness and, in turn, improved shell strength. Moreover, they greatly enhanced cellular immunity, particularly in heterozygous naked neck status.

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