scholarly journals Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed Low Protein, Limiting Amino Acid Supplemented Diets Formulated Either on Total or Standardized Ileal Digestible Amino Acid Basis

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1616-1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Basavanta Kumar ◽  
R. G. Gloridoss ◽  
K. C. Singh ◽  
T. M. Prabhu ◽  
B. N. Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Acid Basis ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid

scholarly journals Protein and energy relationships in the broiler chicken

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Rosebrough ◽  
J. P. McMurtry
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Relationships ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids

Male broiler chickens growing from 7 to 35d were fed on a diet containing 150g crude protein (N × 6·25)/kg diet supplemented with lysine to equal that in diets containing 166, 183 and 200g crude protein/kg diet (Expt 1). A second group of male broiler chickens growing over the same period were fed on a diet containing 120g crude protein/kg supplemented with lysine, arginine, tryptophan, threonine and isoleucine equal to that in diets containing 144, 172 and 200g crude protein/kg diet (Expt 2). Growth was improved by lysine supplementation but not to the level attained by feeding 200g crude protein/kg (Expt 1). Lysine, arginine, tryptophan, threonine and isoleucine supplementation of a low-protein diet also improved growth, but growth again fell short of that attained by feeding a diet containing 200g crude protein/kg. Plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 and thyroxine concentrations increased and triiodothyronine decreased as the crude protein level increased from 150 to 200g/kg diet. Supplemental lysine did not affect plasma levels of these hormones. Although dietary crude protein levels noticeably changed rates ofin vitrolipogenesis, changing either the level of a single limiting amino acid or the levels of several limiting amino acids did not change lipogenesis.

Optimum dietary amino acid pattern and limiting order of some essential amino acids for growing-furring blue foxes (Alopex lagopus)

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Dahlman ◽  
J. Valaja ◽  
E. Venäläinen ◽  
T. Jalava ◽  
I. Pölönen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Pattern ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Acid Control ◽  
Blue Fox ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid

AbstractThe optimum pattern and limiting order of some essential amino acids for growing-furring blue foxes were assessed from nitrogen (N) retention responses. Total tract digestibility and N balance trials were carried out on 24 weaned blue fox males in an 8 ✕ 5 cyclic change-over experiment. Eight experimental diets were prepared by removing proportionately about 0·4 of each of the amino acids studied – methionine + cystine, lysine, threonine, tryptophan and histidine – successively from the amino acid control diet. The main source of protein in the amino acid control diet was casein and an amino acid mixture was added to bring the calculated crude protein (CP) content up to the level of 170 g/kg dry matter (DM). Low-protein (CP 95·7 g/kg DM) and high-protein (CP 166·6 g/kg DM) diets, the protein proportion of which was casein protein, served as negative and positive control diets, respectively. The reduction in N retention when one amino acid in turn was deleted from the amino acid control diet was calculated, and a regression analysis was made between N retention and relative amino acid intake. Data on the animals’ intake of each limiting amino acid and those on the amino acid control diet were used. The optimum amino acid pattern, expressed relative to lysine = 100, proved to be: methionine + cystine 77, threonine 64, histidine 55 and tryptophan 22. The first-limiting amino acids were methionine + cystine. Blue fox responses (N retention, weight gain) to deletion of methionine + cystine from the diet were very severe and exceeded those to deletion of any other amino acid. Moreover, removing methionine + cystine from the diet significantly impaired the apparent digestibility of organic matter, reducing it to a level even lower than that of the low-protein diet. After methionine + cystine, the next-limiting amino acid in casein-based diets was threonine, followed by histidine and tryptophan. The results show the importance of verifying the sufficiency of dietary methionine + cystine in the practical feeding of blue foxes.

scholarly journals Effects of different feeding regimens with protease supplementation on growth, amino acid digestibility, economic efficiency, blood biochemical parameters, and intestinal histology in broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimaa A. Amer ◽  
Rasha R. Beheiry ◽  
Doaa M. Abdel Fattah ◽  
Elshimaa M. Roushdy ◽  
Fardos A. M. Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Intestinal Histology ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Low Protein

Abstract Background This study was conducted to estimate the impacts of using varied feeding regimens with or without protease supplementation on the growth performance, apparent amino acid ileal digestibility (AID%), economic efficiency, intestinal histology, and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. Three hundred one-day-old chicks (Ross 308 broiler) were randomly allotted to a 3 × 2 factorial design. The experimental design consisted of three feeding regimens; FR1: a recommended protein SBM diet, FR2: a low-protein SBM diet, and FR3: a low-protein diet with the inclusion of 5% DDGS and 5% SFM, with or without protease supplementation (250 mg/kg). Results Increased feed intake and feed conversion ratio were observed in the FR3 treatment during the starter stage and decreased body weight and body weight gain during the grower stage. However, there was no significant effect of the different feeding regimens, protease supplementation, or interaction on the overall performance. The economic value of diets also remained unaffected by the different feeding regimens, protease supplementation, or interaction. Protease supplementation resulted in lowering the AID% of tryptophan and leucine. Reduced AID% of methionine was evident in the FR2 + VE and FR3 − VE treatments. Histological findings substantiated the FR3 treatment mediated a decrease in the duodenal and jejunal villous height (VH), jejunal villous width (VW), and ileal VW, whereas, increase in the ileal crypt depth (CD). The FR2 + VE treatment reduced the VH:CD ratio in the duodenum. The duodenal CD and the jejunal goblet cell count were reduced as a consequence of protease supplementation. The FR3 + VE treatment documented a rise in duodenal CD, while an increase in the jejunal goblet cell count was observed in the FR3 − VE treatment. The FR3 treatment enhanced the IgM serum levels compared to the FR1 and FR2 treatments. IgM serum levels were also elevated following protease supplementation. FR3 + VE treatment increased IgM serum levels. The highest serum ALP was found in the FR3 treatment, whereas the lowest level was obtained in the FR2 treatment. Conclusion Low-protein SBM-based diets could be used without affecting the birds’ growth. Altered morphometric measures of the intestine and increased IgM and ALP levels indicated the low-protein SBM/DDGS-SFM diet-induced damage of the intestinal histoarchitecture and immune system of birds. These different diets and protease supplementation failed to affect economic efficiency positively.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIETARY PROTEIN CONTENT AND PLASMA AMINO ACIDS IN SHEEP FED PURIFIED DIETS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-464
Author(s):  
A. CECYRE ◽  
G. M. JONES ◽  
J.-M. GAUDREAU
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid ◽  
Nonessential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

Semipurified diets, varying in crude protein (CP) content (6, 10, 15, and 22% CP), were each fed to one wether and plasma amino acid (PAA) concentrations were determined at 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240, and 360 min postfeeding. Total essential amino acid concentrations for the 6, 10, and 15% CP rations were 47.2, 76.4, and 72.9 μmol/ml, while nonessential amino acids totalled 88.3, 110.0, and 104.9 μmol/ml, respectively. In general, PAA concentrations were depressed by the low protein diet, except for glycine, which was elevated, and threonine and alanine, which were not affected. PAA concentrations gradually decreased with time after feeding. There was no evident relationship between PAA levels and amount of feed consumed at these time intervals. Lysine was probably the most limiting amino acid, based upon PAA concentrations on the low protein diet compared to average PAA levels for all diets. PAA concentrations reflected dietary nitrogen content. The results suggest that PAA levels were not involved in the regulation of voluntary intake when the diet contained sufficient protein to meet the requirements of the animal.

Lysine and methionine supplements in diets for laying pullets

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 983 ◽  
Author(s):  
MW McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid

In two experiments the effects of supplementary methionine (0.10%) and lysine (0.08% in experiment 1 and 0.10% in experiment 2) on the performance of three strains of laying pullets were examined. In both experiments small but significant responses to methionine were observed, in egg weight and daily egg mass in experiment 1 and in daily weight gain in experiment 2. In both experiments large and significant increases in rate of lay and egg weight resulted from addition of lysine. It was concluded that lysine was a major limiting amino acid in the diets used. In the second experiment a high protein (18.1%) diet produced significantly higher peak production, rate of lay and egg weight than a low protein (14.3%) diet. It was concluded that a difference in lysine content of the diets was primarily responsible for the differences. Significant strain x methionine and strain x lysine interactions were observed. Lysine requirements, however, could be predicted in the second experiment by the regression equation: Total lysine required (mg/day) = 0.086 W + 8.71G + 11.17E where body weight (W), daily weight gain (G) and egg mass (E) are expressed in grams. Predicted lysine requirements based on this regression are compared with predictions based on published multiple regression equations.

scholarly journals Commercially available amino acid supplementation of low-protein diets for broiler chickens with different ratios of digestible glycine+serine:lysine

2012 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 3148-3155 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.C. Ospina-Rojas ◽  
A.E. Murakami ◽  
C. Eyng ◽  
R.V. Nunes ◽  
C.R.A. Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

scholarly journals Progress of amino acid nutrition for diet protein reduction in poultry

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Kidd ◽  
C. W. Maynard ◽  
G. J. Mullenix
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Reduction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Protein Diets

AbstractThere is growing interest among nutritionists in feeding reduced protein diets to broiler chickens. Although nearly a century of research has been conducted providing biochemical insights on the impact of reduced protein diets for broilers, practical limitation still exists. The present review was written to provide insights on further reducing dietary protein in broilers. To construct this review, eighty-nine peer reviewed manuscripts in the area of amino acid nutrition in poultry were critiqued. Hence, nutritional research areas of low protein diets, threonine, glycine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, histidine, and glutamine have been assessed and combined in this text, thus providing concepts into reduced protein diets for broilers. In addition, linkages between the cited work and least cost formation ingredient and nutrient matrix considerations are provided. In conclusion, practical applications in feeding reduced protein diets to broilers are advancing, but more work is warranted.

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