Lysine and methionine supplements in diets for laying pullets

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 983 ◽  
Author(s):  
MW McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid

In two experiments the effects of supplementary methionine (0.10%) and lysine (0.08% in experiment 1 and 0.10% in experiment 2) on the performance of three strains of laying pullets were examined. In both experiments small but significant responses to methionine were observed, in egg weight and daily egg mass in experiment 1 and in daily weight gain in experiment 2. In both experiments large and significant increases in rate of lay and egg weight resulted from addition of lysine. It was concluded that lysine was a major limiting amino acid in the diets used. In the second experiment a high protein (18.1%) diet produced significantly higher peak production, rate of lay and egg weight than a low protein (14.3%) diet. It was concluded that a difference in lysine content of the diets was primarily responsible for the differences. Significant strain x methionine and strain x lysine interactions were observed. Lysine requirements, however, could be predicted in the second experiment by the regression equation: Total lysine required (mg/day) = 0.086 W + 8.71G + 11.17E where body weight (W), daily weight gain (G) and egg mass (E) are expressed in grams. Predicted lysine requirements based on this regression are compared with predictions based on published multiple regression equations.

scholarly journals The influence of the degradability of concentrate protein in the rumen and of the lysine content of the concentrate on growth and feed efficiency in early-weaned calves.

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-118
Author(s):  
W.A.G. Veen ◽  
H.A. Vahl
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Linear Rise ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Degradable Protein

In two feeding trials involving 96 rearing calves each and based on a 2 x 3 factorial design, a comparison was made between concentrates containing rapidly and slowly rumen-degradable protein and among concentrates with lysine 6, 7 and 8 g/kg or 7, 8 and 9 g/kg. In a third trial involving 84 animals, 2 feeds containing rapidly and slowly degradable protein were compared. Calves were weaned at 6 weeks and remained in the trial an additional 5 to 6 weeks. Concentrates were fed freely from 21 days old and in 2 trials after weaning the calves were fed according to a plan based on body weight. Hay or prewilted grass silage was given freely. Difference in protein degradability between feeds with rapidly degradable protein and those with slowly degradable protein was 28 and 36% in the second and third trials. Treatments involving concentrates with slowly degradable protein resulted in a higher daily weight gain. Feed efficiency was usually improved. Increase in lysine content of the concentrate from 6 to 8 g/kg or from 7 to 9 g/kg resulted in a significant linear rise in daily weight gain and a linear rise in feed efficiency. In 2 of the 3 trials intake of roughage (1 x prewilted grass silage, 1 x hay) was positively affected by presence in the concentrate of slowly degradable protein. Lysine content of the concentrate had no effect on roughage intake. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Influence of gender on carcass yield of twin lambs Blackbelly x Pelibuey at 56 days of age

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1077-1084
Author(s):  
I. del C. García-Osorio ◽  
J. Oliva-Hernández ◽  
M.M. Osorio-Arce ◽  
G. Torres-Hernández ◽  
J. A. Hinojosa-Cuéllar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Males And Females

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the influence of gender on pre-weaning growth, yield and weight of primal cuts of the carcass of Blackbelly x Pelibuey lambs. 16 twin lambs were used. The lamb gender was the fixed factor. The variables evaluated were: body weight at birth and at weaning, average daily weight gain, weight and yield of carcass and primal cuts: neck, arm, thorax, abdomen and leg. Gender did not affect (P>0.05) body weight at birth. However, the pre-weaning average daily weight gain and body weight at weaning were affected (P<0.05) by the gender. Hot carcass yield and weight and primal cuts were not affected (P>0.05) by the gender of the lamb. Nevertheless, the area of the Longissimus dorsi muscle and cavity fat were different between males and females (P<0.05) 11.5±0.73cm2 and 198±0.05 g vs 9.3±0.73cm2 and 282±0.05g, respectively. In conclusion, in twin lambs Blackbelly x Pelibuey males had greater average daily weight gain and body weight at weaning than females. Carcass yield and weight and primal cuts were not affected by the gender of the lamb. However, males had greater area of the L. dorsi muscle than females and these in turn had a greater amount of cavity fat than males.

Supplementation of a low protein diet in an attempt to optimize egg mass output

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Summers ◽  
J. L. Atkinson ◽  
D. Spratt
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Low Protein

Pullets were brought into production on a low-protein corn, soybean meal diet to which various nutrients including essential amino acids, choline, corn oil and feathermeal were supplemented. Production commenced between 18 and 20 wk of age and up to at least 60% production, hens fed the low protein diets (10% CP) produced at least as many eggs and as great an egg mass as these given a 17% protein corn, soybean meal control diet. Pullets fed the corn, soybean meal test diets, peaked at around 80% as compared to slightly over 90% for the control. Egg production immediately fell for birds fed the test diets to around 70% for most of the test treatments. Body weight remained constant or fell after peak production for birds fed the test diets as compared to a normal increase for birds on the control diet. Egg size increased for the test diets at a rate which was comparable to that of the control birds. In a second experiment, with older hens, supplementation of the 10% protein test diet with methionine, lysine, arginine and tryptophan, resulted in intakes of these amino acids which met NRC minimum requirement levels. However, egg mass output was reduced approximately 11% compared to the 17% protein control diet. While intakes of several essential amino acids fell below requirement levels, the degree that valine was calculated to be deficient in both experiments corresponded closely with the reduction in egg mass output of hens fed the test as compared to the control diet. Key words: Lysine, methionine, egg weight, body weight, hens.

scholarly journals Performance, Carcass Traits and Meat Quality Evaluation of Sheep Fed Diets Containing Napier Grass and Graded Levels of Cocoa Pod Husk with Soursop Pulp Meals

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
M. I. Okoruwa ◽  
D. O. Okunlola
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk

This study was conducted to determine performance, carcass traits and meat quality evaluation of sheep fed napier grass and different proportion of cocoa pod husk and soursop pulp meals. Eighteen (18) West African Dwarf rams, aged between 7 and 8 months old with mean weight of 7.00 ± 0.55kg were allotted to three dietary treatments with two replicates of three sheep per treatment in a completely randomized design. The compared treatment diets were; TA (70% napier grass and 30% concentrate diet), TB (45% cocoa pod husk with 25% soursop pulp and 30% concentrate diet) and TC (50% cocoa pod husk with 20% soursop pulp and 30% concentrate diet). The experimental diets were given to the sheep at 6% of their body weight and the experiment lasted for 84days after 14days of adjustment period. The results showed that average daily feed intake (221.79g), nitrogen intake (18.02g/day), total nitrogen loss (5.08g/day) and chilling losses (12.85%) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in diet TA compared with diets TB and TC. Treatment diet TC was significantly (P < 0.05) better in total body weight gain (3.66kg), average daily weight gain (43.57g), total digestible nutrient (74.69%), nitrogen retention (77.58%, slaughter weight (11.02kg), hot carcass weight (5.68kg), cold carcass yields (5.23kg), hot with cold carcass yields (51.54 and 47.46%), appearance (6.81), tenderness (6.20) and overall acceptability (6.85) than other treatment diets. Initial body weight, flavor and juiciness were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by the treatment diets. It was concluded that 50% cocoa pod husk with 20% soursop pulp and 30% concentrate diet has the potential to enhance performance, carcass traits and meat quality evaluation in sheep.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Additives on Rabbit Performance, Carcass Traits and Some Blood Constituents under Egyptation Summer Season

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Sara Khalil Sherif
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Blood Constituents

Sixty 7-week-old New Zealand White rabbits were randomly distributed into 5 equal experimental groups. The experimental rabbits were fed the tested diets till 14 weeks of age during summer season. The basal diet without feed additives (control; T1) and the other experimental diets were supplemented with enzymes at 0.5 g/kg (T2), organic acids at 1.0 g/kg (T3), Beta-pro at 0.2 g/kg (T4) or their combination (T5). The criteria of response were body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, some blood constituents, carcass traits and economic efficiency. The obtained results can be summarized as follows: Positive effects of feed additives were observed on live body weight, daily weight gain and feed conversion of growing rabbits. There were no significant effects on blood parameters or carcass traits due to feed additives. It can be concluded that dietary Beta-pro (enzymes+probiotics) or a combination of enzymes, organic acids and Beta-pro at the tested levels can be used to improve the rabbit performance, with no adverse effects on carcass characteristics or blood parameters.

scholarly journals Photoperiod on growth and egg characteristics of the white leghorn chicken

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-155
Author(s):  
Abdul Muumin Sadick ◽  
Iddrisu Mubarik ◽  
Dennis Kodzo Awalime ◽  
Rebecca Akumbilim ◽  
Philip Larweh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Final Body Weight

One hundred and twenty (120) 16 weeks old White Leghorn layer breeds were used for the study. The objective of the study was to determine effect of photoperiod on layer chicken. The research was carried out at the Poultry Section of the Animal farm of the Department of Animal Science Education, Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development, Mampong. Four treatments made up of 12 hours of light, 14 hours of light, 16 hours of light and 18 hours of light were used for the study. Each treatment was replicated three times with 10 birds per replicate in a Completely Randomized Design. Birds were exposed equally to common daylight and in the evenings, lights were turned on at specified periods. Growth parameters measured were initial body weight, daily feed intake, daily weight gain and final body weight. Egg traits measured were egg weight, albumen height, yolk color and yolk weight. The data collected were analyzed using General Linear Model procedure of Statistical Analysis System. Results from the study indicated that, varied photoperiod regimes had no significant (P>0.05) effect on initial body weight, daily feed intake but had significant (P<0.05) effect on daily weight gain and final body weight of growth traits. Photoperiod had no significant (P>0.05) effect on the egg characteristics of the white Leghorn layer bird. It was concluded from the study that, increasing photoperiod had no positive effect on growth and egg characteristics of the white Leghorn layer.

scholarly journals In VivoEffects of Leptin-Related Synthetic Peptides on Body Weight and Food Intake in Female ob/obMice: Localization of Leptin Activity to Domains Between Amino Acid Residues 106–140*

Endocrinology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 1413-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Grasso ◽  
Matthew C. Leinung ◽  
Stacy P. Ingher ◽  
Daniel W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Premature Stop Codon ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Inactive Form ◽  
In Vivo Effects

Abstract In C57BL/6J ob/ob mice, a single base mutation of the ob gene in codon 105 results in the replacement of arginine by a premature stop codon and production of a truncated inactive form of leptin. These observations suggest that leptin activity may be localized, at least in part, to domains distal to amino acid residue 104. To investigate this possibility, we synthesized six overlapping peptide amides corresponding to residues 106–167 of leptin, and examined their effects on body weight and food intake in female C57BL/6J ob/ob mice. When compared with vehicle-injected control mice, weight gain by mice receiving 28 daily 1-mg ip injections of LEP-(106–120), LEP-(116–130), or LEP-(126–140) was significantly (P &lt; 0.01) reduced with no apparent toxicity. Weight gain by mice receiving LEP-(136–150), LEP-(146–160), or LEP-(156–167) was not significantly different from that of vehicle-injected control mice. The effects of LEP-(106–120), LEP-(116–130), or LEP-(126–140) were most pronounced during the first week of peptide treatment. Within 7 days, mice receiving these peptides lost 12.3%, 13.8%, and 9.8%, respectively, of their initial body weights. After 28 days, mice given vehicle alone, LEP-(136–150), LEP-(146–160), or LEP-(156–167) were 14.7%, 20.3%, 25.0%, and 24.8% heavier, respectively, than they were at the beginning of the study. Mice given LEP-(106–120) or LEP-(126–140) were only 1.8% and 4.2% heavier, respectively, whereas mice given LEP-(116–130) were 3.4% lighter. Food intake by mice receiving LEP-(106–120), LEP-(116–130), or LEP-(126–140), but not by mice receiving LEP-(136–150), LEP-(146–160), or LEP-(156–167), was reduced by 15%. The results of this study indicate 1) that leptin activity is localized, at least in part, in domains between residues 106–140; 2) that leptin-related peptides have in vivo effects similar to those of native leptin; and 3) offer hope for development of peptide analogs of leptin having potential application in human or veterinary medicine.

scholarly journals Short-Term High-Starch, Low-Protein Diet Induces Reversible Increase in β-cell Mass Independent of Body Weight Gain in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Masuda ◽  
Yusuke Seino ◽  
Masatoshi Murase ◽  
Shihomi Hidaka ◽  
Megumi Shibata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
High Starch

Long-term exposure to a high starch, low-protein diet (HSTD) induces body weight gain and hyperinsulinemia concomitantly with an increase in β-cell mass (BCM) and pancreatic islets number in mice; however, the effect of short-term exposure to HSTD on BCM and islet number has not been elucidated. In the present study, we investigated changes in body weight, plasma insulin levels, BCM and islet number in mice fed HSTD for 5 weeks followed by normal chow (NC) for 2 weeks. BCM and islet number were increased in mice fed HSTD for 5 weeks compared with those in mice fed NC. On the other hand, mice fed HSTD for 5 weeks followed by NC for 2 weeks (SN) showed decreased BCM and insulin levels, compared to mice fed HSTD for 7 weeks, and no significant differences in these parameters were observed between SN and the control NC at 7 weeks. No significant difference in body weight was observed among HSTD, NC and SN fed groups. These results suggest that a high-starch diet induces an increase in BCM in a manner independent of body weight gain, and that 2 weeks of NC feeding is sufficient for the reversal of the morphological changes induced in islets by HSTD feeding.

scholarly journals Dietary lysine and threonine utilization by young pigs: Efficiency for carcass growth

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olayiwola Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Retention Efficiency ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Accretion Rates

Two experiments were conducted to determine the efficiency of dietary lysine and threonine retention for carcass protein accretion in pigs within a body weight range of 10–20 kg. At the beginning of the experiments, an initial representative group of 6 pigs were killed for carcass compositional analysis. In the first experiment, conducted to determine the efficiency of dietary lysine retention, a basal diet was formulated to contain 6 g of lysine kg−1. Twelve pigs were fed the basal diet supplemented with L-lysine∙HCl to contain 6, 7, or 8 g of lysine kg−1. Daily weight gain and gain:feed ratio were higher (P < 0.05) for pigs fed 8 g of lysine than for pigs fed 6 g of lysine kg−1 diet. The accretion rates of dry matter, protein, ash, and lysine in the carcass were higher for pigs fed 8 g of lysine than for pigs fed 6 g of lysine kg−1 diet. A linear regression of daily carcass lysine accretion on daily lysine intake resulted in a 72% efficiency of carcass lysine accretion above maintenance. In the second experiment, three diets including a basal diet formulated to contain 4 g of threonine kg−1 and supplemented with L-threonine to contain 4, 4.65, or 5.3 g of threonine kg−1 were fed to 12 pigs. Rate and efficiency of body weight gain exhibited a dose-response improvement (P < 0.05) to an increase in dietary threonine. Carcass protein, ash, and threonine accretion rates were higher (P < 0.05) for pigs fed 5.3 g of threonine than those fed 4 g of threonine kg−1 diet. Linear regression of daily carcass threonine accretion on daily threonine intake resulted in extra-maintenance efficiency of threonine retention of 60%. The efficiencies of dietary lysine and threonine utilization for carcass growth in pigs within the liveweight range of 10–20 kg are 72 and 60%, respectively. Key words: Lysine, threonine, retention efficiency, amino acids, pigs

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