scholarly journals Pea starch increases the dry matter flow at the distal ileum and reduces the amino acids digestibility in ileal digesta collected after 4 hours postprandial of pigs fed low-protein diets

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyan Zhou ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Guangxin Yang ◽  
Lijie Yang ◽  
Xiangfang Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Pea Starch ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Matter Flow

scholarly journals PSIV-6 Effect of a Phytogenic Water Additive on Growth Performance, Blood Metabolites and Gene Expression of Amino Acids Transporters in Nursery Pigs Fed with Low Protein Diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 281-282
Author(s):  
Cedrick N Shili ◽  
Mohammad Habibi ◽  
Julia Sutton ◽  
Jessie Barnes ◽  
Jacob Burchkonda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Standard Protein

Abstract Moderately low protein (MLP) diets can help decrease nutrient excretion from the swine production. However, MLP diets negatively impact growth performance. We hypothesized that supplementing MLP diets with phytogenics may reduce the negative effects of these diets on growth. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a phytogenic water additive (PWA; Herbanimal®) on growth performance, blood metabolite and gene expression of amino acids transporters in pigs fed with MLP diets. Forty-eight weaned barrows were allotted to six dietary treatments (n = 8) for 4 weeks: >CON-NS: standard protein diet-no PWA; CON-LS: standard protein diet-low PWA dose (4 ml/L); CON-HS: standard protein diet-high PWA dose (8 ml/L); LP-NS: low protein diet-no PWA; LP-LS: low protein diet-low PWA dose (4 ml/L); LP-HS: low protein diet- high PWA dose (8 ml/L). Feed intake and body weight were recorded daily and weekly, respectively. At week 4, blood and tissue samples were collected and analyzed for metabolites using a chemistry analyzer and amino acid transporters using qPCR, respectively. The data were analyzed by univariate GLM (SPSS®) and the means were separated using paired Student’s t-test corrected by Benjamini-Hochberg. Pigs fed CON-HS improved the average daily gain and serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations compared to CON-NS. Pigs fed LP-LS had higher serum phosphorus and blood urea nitrogen compared to the pigs fed with LP-NS. The mRNA abundance of SLC7A11 in the jejunum was lower in CON-LS and CON-HS compared to CON-NS. Additionally, mRNA abundance of SLC6A19 in the jejunum of pigs fed with LP-LS was higher compared to LP-NS and lower in CON-HS relative to pigs fed with CON-LS. In conclusion, PWA improved the growth performance of pigs fed standard protein diets but not low protein diets. Further, the PWA improved the concentrations of blood calcium and phosphorous in pigs fed MLP diets. Funding: Agrivida and Animal Health and Production and Animal Products: Improved Nutritional Performance, Growth, and Lactation of Animals from the USDA-NIFA.

scholarly journals PSIV-21 Pellet processing reduces variability of corn soybean meal-based diet digestibility in growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 175-175
Author(s):  
Élisabeth Chassé ◽  
Frédéric Guay ◽  
Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
The One

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effect of pelleting on the digestibility of corn-soybean meal-based diet in growing pigs. Two trials with 6 pigs cannulated at the distal ileum were conducted. In each trial, pigs were assigned to each treatment following a crossover design. In each experiment, the same diet, composed of corn and soybean meal with 10% wheat from two different feed mills, was served in pellet or mash form. Pelleting allowed an increase in digestibility in one of the trials. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and digestible energy (DE) were improved with pelleting by 8, 12 and 9% (P< 0.01). The AID of amino acids (AA) was also improved (P< 0.05). Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was increased by pelleting in DM, CP and DE by 5, 7 and 6% respectively (P< 0.01). The digestibility of the mash diet in experiment 1 was lower than in the pelleted diet in the experiment 1 and both diets in experiment 2 as shown by the interaction Pelleting X Trial which was significant for the AID and ATTD of DM, CP and DE (P< 0.01). Therefore, in experiment 1, pelleting allows to improve the digestibility of diet to the same level as in experiment 2. The AID of CP was higher by 37% in the mash diet from the second experiment compared to the one in the first experiment. Even though the same ingredients were chosen in the two experiments, this shows the variability in digestibility existing between different feed mills and ingredient sources. This difference was not observed in pelleted diets. The results obtained in these two trials show that pelleting can reduce the variability of digestibility and then give a good digestibility of diets even if the ingredients are of different quality or sources.

scholarly journals MP444PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF KETOANALOGUES OF AMINO ACIDS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE WITHOUT EDUCATION FOR LOW-PROTEIN DIETS

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. iii592-iii592
Author(s):  
Tae Won Lee ◽  
Ha Nee Jang ◽  
Yire Kim ◽  
Eunjin Bae ◽  
Hyun Seop Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

scholarly journals Problems in estimating the extent of coprophagy in the rat

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gladys Fajardo ◽  
H. Hörnicke
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ingestion Rate ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Quantitative Estimates ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Protein Diets

The quantity of re-ingested faeces was calculated by comparing faecal dry matter of unrestricted rats and coprophagy-restricted rats after correcting for differences in food intake. Due to high day-to-day variations of produced and re-ingested faeces it was not possible to calculate precisely the extent of coprophagy of an individual rat at a particular day with this difference method. Reliable quantitative estimates require at least two rats and a collection period of 7 d. When fed on a nutritionally complete diet, rats re-ingested 0-11 % of their faeces. When fed on low-protein diets (66 g egg albumin/kg) or diets diluted with 200 g cellulose/kg, coprophagy was not significantly increased. A high re-ingestion rate (6–25 %) was observed with thiamin and pantothenic acid deficiencies. After re-ingestion of faeces had been prevented for 1 week, the amount of faeces re-ingested during the subsequent week without tail-cups was increased twofold. It is concluded that rats are able to regulate the amount of faeces eaten precisely according to their requirements.

Milk Protein Quantity and Quality in Low-Birth-Weight Infants: II. Effects on Selected Aliphatic Amino Acids in Plasma and Urine

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Rassin ◽  
Gerald E. Gaull ◽  
Kirsti Heinonen ◽  
Niels C. R. Räihäa
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

The optimal quantity and quality of protein for low-birth-weight infants is undefined. In this study, 106 well, appropriate-for-gestational-age, low-birth-weight infants weighing 2,100 gm or less were divided into three gestational age groups and assigned randomly within each age group to one of five feeding regimens: pooled human milk; formula 1 (protein content, 1.5 gm/100 ml, 60 parts bovine whey proteins to 40 parts bovine caseins); formula 2 (3.0 gm/100 ml, 60:40); formula 3 (1.5 gm/100 ml, 18:82); and formula 4 (3.0 gm/100 ml, 18:82). The concentrations of the free amino acids in the plasma and urine of these infants were determined. The plasma concentrations of free amino acids were generally far greater in the infants fed the 3.0-gm/100 ml protein diets than they were in the infants fed pooled human milk. The plasma concentrations of free amino acids of the infants fed the 1.5-gm/100 ml protein diets were intermediate. In general, the concentrations of the free amino acids in the plasma of the infants fed the 3.0-gm/100 ml caseinpredominant formula (F4) were furthest from those fed pooled human milk. Glutamate showed the highest plasma amino acid concentrations in infants fed both the high- and low-protein casein-predominant formulas. This was true despite the fact that the intake of glutamate on the high-protein, whey-predominant formula was twice that on the low-protein, casein-predominant formula. The differences between groups in the essential amino acids in plasma were generally greater than those of the nonessential amino acids. The concentrations of amino acids in the urine tended to parallel those of the plasma.

Varietal differences in the nutritive value of cereal grains for pigs

1989 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Fuller ◽  
A. Cadenhead ◽  
D. S. Brown ◽  
A. C. Brewer ◽  
M. Carver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
N Content ◽  
Low Protein

SUMMARYEstimates were made of the dry matter (DM) yield and N content of cereal grains harvested from trial plots. They included 236 combinations of variety and treatment, with 13 varieties of winter wheat grown under six husbandry regimes, 14 varieties of spring barley under three husbandry regimes and ten varieties of winter barley under 11 husbandry regimes. The husbandry included timing and rate of fertilizer application, use of growth regulator and fungicide, and seed rate.For all three cereals, there were highly significant positive associations between grain N content (g/kg DM) and grain DM yield (t/ha) when individual varieties were grown under different conditions. The regression coefficients were: winter wheat 2·28, spring barley 0·74 and winter barley 1·06. When varieties were compared under constant husbandry, the association between N content and yield was negative; the regression coefficients were: winter wheat – 1·53, spring barley –1·14 and winter barley –1·21.The contents of lysine, threonine, isoleucine and valine were examined in 19 samples of winter wheat, 19 of spring barley and 21 of winter barley. Each cereal type included a comparison of varieties under one husbandry regime and a comparison of husbandry regimes in one variety.The amino acid composition of wheat protein changed little with either variety or treatment. In spring and winter barley, lysine concentration in grain protein (g/16 g N) decreased with increases in grain N which arose from additional fertilizer N. There were similar decreases in threonine, isoleucine and valine in winter barley, but varietal differences in grain N were not associated with significant changes in the amino acid composition of grain protein.The nutritive values of spring barley, winter barley and winter wheat were compared in digestion and N balance studies in growing pigs. A subset often samples was examined which included, for each cereal type, high- and low-protein varieties, each (except for spring barley) grown with high or low rates of applied fertilizer N.Apparent digestibility of dry matter measured at the terminal ileum was similar (0·67–0·70) in all three types of cereal but there was a tendency for the DM of high-protein varieties to be digested better than that of low-protein varieties. Over the whole digestive tract, the apparent digestibility of the DM of wheat was higher (0·83) than that of barley (0·75).The apparent digestion of the starch of all samples was virtually complete (0·98) by the end of the ileum; the remainder was digested in the large intestine.The apparent digestibility of N up to the terminal ileum was significantly higher for wheat than for barley, and significantly higher in high- than in low-protein varieties. Over the whole gastro-intestinal tract, the difference between the cereals was even larger; a greater proportion of wheat N than of barley N was digested in the large intestine.The rate of N fertilizer application did not significantly affect the apparent digestibility of any amino acid but there were significant differences amongst the cereal types in the apparent digestibility of seven amino acids. The amino acids in high-protein varieties were, on average, 6 % more digestible than those in low-protein varieties.When allowance was made for the endogenous flow of amino acids, some of the differences between cereals and between high- and low-protein varieties disappeared but some significant differences remained.The biological value (BV) of wheat protein (0·43) was significantly lower than that of barley protein (mean 0·57). When pigs were fed wheat as the sole protein source, the higher N content of wheat compensated for its lower BV. There were no significant differences in the rates of N retention between pigs fed on wheat or barley.

Effects of defaunation of the rumen and supplementation with amino acids on the wool production of housed Saxon Merinos. 2. Methionine and protected methionine

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Cottle
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Previous Trial ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa

In experiment 1, 6 groups, each of 10 superfine Merino wethers, were individually penned indoors and hand-fed oats, wheat straw and whole lupins, either alone or with 2 g/day of DL-methionine or 6.6 g/day of fatty acid coated methionine (Ketionin) for 23 weeks. Following shearing the 6 groups were hand-fed lucerne-chopped hay in experiment 2 either alone or with hydroxymethyl-methionine (Mepron) or Ketionin for 23 weeks. In both experiments the rations were fed at maintenance level and were offered 3 times a week. Half of the sheep had no rumen ciliate protozoa following treatment in a previous trial. In experiment 1, defaunated sheep produced an additional 6.5%clean wool on the supplemented oats plus lupins rations. Inclusion of Ketionin in the ration of defaunated sheep resulted in an 11% increase in clean wool growth, without affecting wool quality. In experiment 2 defaunated sheep produced an additional 6% clean wool on the lucerne-chopped hay ration. No responses to defaunation occurred on the supplemented rations. Inclusion of both forms of protected methionine in the ration (providing 2 g methionine/sheep.day) resulted in 23% and 13% higher clean wool production in the faunated and defaunated sheep respectively. Fibre diameter of wool was increased by 0.7 pm in sheep receiving Mepron and 0-5 pm in sheep receiving Ketionin. The wool grown by suppiemented sheep remained suitable for the 'Sharlea' trade (< 17.5 �m). It is concluded that wool growth responds more to defaunation on high energy-low protein diets. Wool growth responses to supplementation with protected methionine were greater on 100% roughage diets than on high grain diets. Further study is needed before an optimal ration for superfine wool production is formulated.

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