Effects of defaunation of the rumen and supplementation with amino acids on the wool production of housed Saxon Merinos. 2. Methionine and protected methionine

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Cottle
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Previous Trial ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa

In experiment 1, 6 groups, each of 10 superfine Merino wethers, were individually penned indoors and hand-fed oats, wheat straw and whole lupins, either alone or with 2 g/day of DL-methionine or 6.6 g/day of fatty acid coated methionine (Ketionin) for 23 weeks. Following shearing the 6 groups were hand-fed lucerne-chopped hay in experiment 2 either alone or with hydroxymethyl-methionine (Mepron) or Ketionin for 23 weeks. In both experiments the rations were fed at maintenance level and were offered 3 times a week. Half of the sheep had no rumen ciliate protozoa following treatment in a previous trial. In experiment 1, defaunated sheep produced an additional 6.5%clean wool on the supplemented oats plus lupins rations. Inclusion of Ketionin in the ration of defaunated sheep resulted in an 11% increase in clean wool growth, without affecting wool quality. In experiment 2 defaunated sheep produced an additional 6% clean wool on the lucerne-chopped hay ration. No responses to defaunation occurred on the supplemented rations. Inclusion of both forms of protected methionine in the ration (providing 2 g methionine/sheep.day) resulted in 23% and 13% higher clean wool production in the faunated and defaunated sheep respectively. Fibre diameter of wool was increased by 0.7 pm in sheep receiving Mepron and 0-5 pm in sheep receiving Ketionin. The wool grown by suppiemented sheep remained suitable for the 'Sharlea' trade (< 17.5 �m). It is concluded that wool growth responds more to defaunation on high energy-low protein diets. Wool growth responses to supplementation with protected methionine were greater on 100% roughage diets than on high grain diets. Further study is needed before an optimal ration for superfine wool production is formulated.

Effects of defaunation of the rumen and supplementation with amino acids on the wool production of housed Saxon Merinos. 4. Cottonseed meal, analogues of methionine and avoparcin

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 707 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Cottle
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Wool Fibre ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa

Ten groups, each of 6 superfine Merino wethers were individually penned indoors and hand-fed at maintenance level a ration of 70% oats and 30% chopped lucerne hay (w/w). The groups of sheep were fed 3 different supplementary pellets rotationally during three 9-week periods. Each group received 3 of the following 7 pellets: (1) control, (2) cottonseed meal (CSM), (3) CSM plus hydroxymethyl-methionine (MEP), (4) CSM plus methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA), (5) CSM plus avoparcin (AV), (6) CSM plus MEP plus AV, and (7) CSM plus MHA plus AV. The rations were offered 3 times a week. Half of the sheep had no rumen ciliate protozoa. Wool production was measured during the 7-month period. Defaunation resulted in a 6.9% increase in greasy fleece weight and a 7.7% increase in clean wool production. Average wool fibre diameter increased by 0.6 pm in defaunated sheep. The clean wool growth responses compared with sheep fed the control pellets were 4, 5, 12, 0, 3 and 9% respectively for sheep fed pellets 2-7. The most cost-effective supplement was the CSM plus MHA pellet, which increased clean wool production by 0.5 glday compared with sheep fed the CSM pellet but did not significantly affect wool quality. It was concluded that supplements containing MHA could be economically fed to housed superfine Merino wethers ('Sharlea'), but MHA appears to be relatively inefficient in supplying methionine to the intestines.

Effects of defaunation of the rumen and supplementation with amino acids on the wool production of housed Saxon Merinos. 3. Cottonseed meal and hydroxymethyl-methionine

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Cottle
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa

In experiment 1 six groups, each of 10 superfine Merino wethers were individually penned indoors and hand-fed chopped lucerne hay with either control pellets, cottonseed meal pellets (CSM) or cottonseed meal plus hydroxymethyl-methionine pellets (CSMEP). Following their shearing, the 6 groups in experiment 2 were hand-fed 1 of 3 chopped lucerne hay:oat rations [75: 25,50: 50,25: 75% (w/w)]. Each sheep was also fed either control pellets (25 g/day) or CSMEP pellets (75 g/day) in a cross-over design experiment. In both experiments, the rations were fed at maintenance level and were offered 3 times a week. Half of the sheep had no rumen ciliate protozoa. In experiments 1 and 2, wool production was measured during a 4 and 6 month period respectively. In experiment 1, defaunation resulted in a 6% increase in clean wool production on the unsupplemented chopped lucerne hay ration. Inclusion of CSM and CSMEP pellets resulted in clean wool growth responses of 16% and 19% respectively. Unacceptable increases in fibre diameter were associated with the increased wool production. In experiment 2, the clean wool response to defaunation was highest (12%) on the 75% chopped lucerne hay ration, when the control pellet was fed. Inclusion of the CSMEP pellet resulted in clean wool growth responses of 0.73, 0.98 and 0.99 g/day in sheep fed on the 75,50 and 25% chopped lucerne hay rations respectively. The wool production responses due to the CSMEP pellet were associated with increases in fibre diameter (0.3 �m), length (4 mm/year) and length/diameter ratio (0.4 �m/day.�m) of the wool grown. It was concluded that CSMEP pellets are best fed with a mixed ration containing more grain than chopped lucerne hay. The wool growth response to feeding hydroxymethyl-methionine was considered uneconomic.

Effects on wool production during pregnancy and lactation of twice daily abomasal supplementation with casein or methionine and cystine

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (90) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Williams ◽  
RN Tyrrell ◽  
AR Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Sulphur Amino Acids ◽  
Sorghum Grain

The responses in wool production of Merino ewes to abomasal supplements of casein (56 g day-1) and of a mixture of methionine and cystine were measured during late pregnancy and early lactation. The mixed supplement provided equal quantities of the sulphur amino acids as the casein. The ewes were offered sufficient quantities of a diet of sorghum grain/lucerne hay (in the ratio 7 : 3 by weight) to maintain maternal liveweight. During the final four weeks of pregnancy and the first six weeks of lactation, the cassin supplement increased wool growth (826 vs. 639 g cm-2 day-1). A similar response was observed for fibre diameter (1 9.7 vs. 18.5 pm : P < 0.05). Wool production and fibre diameter did not differ between the ewes supplemented with methionine and cystine and the control ewes during this same period. The ewes supplemented with methionine and cystine produced wool with the greatest sulphur content, and this trait was least in the wool from the control ewes (3.84 vs. 3.64 vs. 3.49: P < 0.05). We concluded that the availability of the sulphur amino acids was not primarily limiting wool production in pregnant/lactating ewes.

Factors differentiating between high and low wool producing sheep in western Queensland

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1367
Author(s):  
DA Pritchard ◽  
PK O'Rourke
Keyword(s):  
Linear Growth ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Unit Surface Area ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Pasture Quality ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Commercial Flock

Four experiments were carried out to examine factors which may influence the phenotypic expression of wool growth. High wool producing sheep (HPS) and low wool producing sheep (LPS) were selected from a commercial flock and studied under grazing and controlled feeding conditions. Results are discussed in relation to management of HPS for increased wool production. In the paddock experiment, advantages to HPS in wool growth per unit surface area were least (7%) when pasture quality was low (11 g N/kg DM) and greatest (20%) when pasture quality was best (21 g N/kg DM). Despite the greater live weight of HPS compared with LPS (16%), the HPS produced 25% more clean wool per unit of live weight. Daily clean wool production was always greater in HPS than in LPS. Values ranged from 9.1 v. 7.5 g/day to 15.1 v. 11.6 g/day. During the period following the peak in nitrogen content of the pasture, HPS produced a greater volume of fibre than LPS (194 v. 167 8m3/dayx103), this difference being primarily associated with the greater fibre diameter of wool from HPS (25.4 v. 24.6 8m). In pen experiment 1, the efficiency of conversion of feed to wool was determined under controlled feeding conditions. Differences in wool growth between HPS and LPS at maintenance (M) and above maintenance (M+) were 21% and 49% respectively. Relative efficiency of conversion of feed to wool was 5% higher for HPS during the period immediately following the change in ration and greatest (38-48%) after sheep had made liveweight gains. Wool growth differences between HPS and LPS in pen experiment 2 could not be attributed to either differences in follicle density (66 v. 64 follicles/mm2) or the ratio of secondary to primary follicles (24 : 1 v. 22 : 1). The efficiency of retention of apparently absorbed nitrogen was similar (21.4 v. 20.8%) for HPS and LPS at below maintenance (M-) but differed at M-t (26.8 v. 11.7%). Rumen dry matter turnover time at M- was faster in HPS than in LPS (29.8 v. 38.4 h) but similar at M+ (30.4 v. 34.4 h). At M-, volumetric fibre production of HPS increased from 79 to 106 ,8m3/dayx 103 and from 59 to 75 ,8m3/day x103 for LPS following the subcutaneous administration of the sulfur containing amino acid methionine. These increases were associated with increases in both fibre diameter (1.5 8m) and fibre linear growth (42 8m/day) in HPS, but only linear growth (52 ,8m/day) in LPS. At M+, when basal wool growth was high, there was little increase in wool growth by either group following supplementary methionine. Wool growth responses to methionine were 25 and 19% for HPS and LPS respectively at M+ in pen experiment 3.

Wool and liveweight responses to nutrition by Merino sheep genetically selected for high or low staple strength

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Adams ◽  
J. R. Briegel ◽  
A. J. M. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Staple Strength ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Protein Diets

The biological mechanisms underlying differences in wool staple strength were examined in 2 groups of Merino sheep that have been genetically selected for high or low staple strength, while holding fibre diameter constant. The sheep were fed below maintenance for 87 days, and then re-fed ad libitum for 63 days with a diet containing either 9% or 23% crude protein, in a cross-over design, after which they returned to the paddock until shearing. The fleeces of the 2 groups differed in staple strength (25·2 v.17·5 N/ktex, P < 0·001) but were similar in mean fibre diameter and clean fleece weight. However, the pattern of wool growth was different. When fed below maintenance, sheep from the sound group grew more wool than sheep from the tender group (P < 0·05), but lost more liveweight (P < 0·01). During re-feeding, the sound sheep grew less wool than the tender sheep (P < 0·05), but gained more liveweight. The mean fibre diameter at the point of break was similar in both groups. Immediately after re-feeding, the fibre diameter increased more rapidly in the tender group than in the sound (P < 0·001), but a similar difference was observed between the high and low protein diets, with no effect on staple strength. The sound sheep had a lower standard deviation of fibre diameter than the tender sheep (P < 0·001), both in the whole fleece and in 3-weekly midside patches. The data indicated that the variability of fibre diameter between fibres made a larger contribution than the variability along fibres to the difference between the groups in overall variability of fibre diameter. The sheep were then grazed together at pasture for a second year and again differed in staple strength. In addition, the sound sheep grew less wool on green spring pastures and had a lower clean fleece weight (P < 0·05). The differences in wool growth rates between sheep from the sound and tender lines depended more on whether pasture was green than on the amount of pasture available. We conclude that the difference in staple strength between the sound and tender groups was most closely associated with the variability between fibres in diameter, and was also affected by a difference in variation in diameter along the fibres. Staple strength was not affected by the amount of wool at the point of break, or by the rate of change in fibre diameter after feeding. The sheep in the sound group grew less wool than those in the tender group when on good nutrition.

Feed efficiency for meat and wool production by Merino and F1 Dohne×Merino lambs fed pelleted diets of different nutritive value

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 879 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Van Beem ◽  
D. Wellington ◽  
B. L. Paganoni ◽  
P. E. Vercoe ◽  
J. T. B. Milton
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Western Australian

There is anecdotal evidence from Western Australian breeders that Dohne sheep maintain a higher level of meat and wool production than Australian Merinos. Feed efficiency, carcass and wool attributes are moderately heritable so we hypothesised there would be differences in these traits between Merino and F1 Dohne × Merino lambs. Two groups of 15 Merino and 15 F1 Dohne × Merino wether lambs (29–40 kg) were fed a pelleted diet of either moderate or high energy and protein content for 48 days. Ad libitum pellet intake and liveweight gain were measured and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) for both wool growth and liveweight were calculated. Wool growth and quality were measured and the lambs were slaughtered to measure carcass and meat quality attributes. The F1 Dohne lambs were heavier at the start of the study and grew faster than the Merinos (P < 0.05) irrespective of diet. Consequently, the carcasses of the F1 Dohne lambs were heavier than the Merinos (P < 0.001), but the differences in FCR were not significant. Merino lambs produced more clean wool of lower fibre diameter from less feed than the F1 Dohne lambs (P < 0.05). These results suggest that F1 Dohne × Merino lambs may have an economic advantage in terms of meat production, but this is traded-off against wool production.

Wool growth responses to DL-methionine administration and factors affecting the value of supplementation

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 471 ◽  
Author(s):  
RGA Stephenson ◽  
GR Suter ◽  
CJ Howitt
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Treatment Analysis ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Cost

Wool growth responses to methionine administration were assessed using Peppin Merino wethers on various planes of nutrition. In experiment 1, sheep were fed 700 g/day of lucerne pellets to maintain liveweight. DL-methionine (5.8 g) administered subcutaneously resulted in 0.29 mg/cm2.day (36%) more wool (P<0.01) and a 2.5 �m (15.2%) increase in fibre diameter (P<0.05). In experiment 2, two levels (700 and 1400 g/day) of lucerne pellets were offered, with and without methionine administered subcutaneously (5.8 g). Main treatment analysis indicated a significant (P<0.01) effect of nutrition on wool growth and fibre diameter, with no effect of methionine, except for a reduction (P<0.05) in liveweight gain. Methionine administration was associated with a non-significant increase (39%) in wool growth for the 700 g diet and no change for the 1400 g diet. In experiment 3, two levels (1.75 and 2.5 g/day) of methionine were infused (4 h daily) when sheep were fed a submaintenance ration of Rhodes grass chaff, supplemented with nitrogen and sulfur. Significant (P<0.05) wool growth responses at both levels of methionine infusion were similar, with absolute (0.21 and 0.23 mg/cm2.day) and percentage (52 and 58%) increases for 1.75 and 2.5 g/day methionine treatments, respectively. Methionine administration only increased wool production at nutritional levels of liveweight maintenance or below when wool growth values for control treatments were 0.63,0.59 and 0.40 mg/cm2.day for experiments 1, 2 and 3. Fibre diameters of sheep in untreated groups were 16.4 and 18.8 pm for experiments 1 and 2. These wool growth and fibre diameter values are 25-40% below what might be expected for this strain of Merino. The values of positive correlations between wool growth and fibre diameter were increased with increased nutrition and the administration of methionine in experiment 2. This result and the nil response at high basal wool growth, together with the low potential net return on the cost of methionine, suggest that the use of methionine could be unprofitable.

scholarly journals PSIV-6 Effect of a Phytogenic Water Additive on Growth Performance, Blood Metabolites and Gene Expression of Amino Acids Transporters in Nursery Pigs Fed with Low Protein Diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 281-282
Author(s):  
Cedrick N Shili ◽  
Mohammad Habibi ◽  
Julia Sutton ◽  
Jessie Barnes ◽  
Jacob Burchkonda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Standard Protein

Abstract Moderately low protein (MLP) diets can help decrease nutrient excretion from the swine production. However, MLP diets negatively impact growth performance. We hypothesized that supplementing MLP diets with phytogenics may reduce the negative effects of these diets on growth. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a phytogenic water additive (PWA; Herbanimal®) on growth performance, blood metabolite and gene expression of amino acids transporters in pigs fed with MLP diets. Forty-eight weaned barrows were allotted to six dietary treatments (n = 8) for 4 weeks: &gt;CON-NS: standard protein diet-no PWA; CON-LS: standard protein diet-low PWA dose (4 ml/L); CON-HS: standard protein diet-high PWA dose (8 ml/L); LP-NS: low protein diet-no PWA; LP-LS: low protein diet-low PWA dose (4 ml/L); LP-HS: low protein diet- high PWA dose (8 ml/L). Feed intake and body weight were recorded daily and weekly, respectively. At week 4, blood and tissue samples were collected and analyzed for metabolites using a chemistry analyzer and amino acid transporters using qPCR, respectively. The data were analyzed by univariate GLM (SPSS®) and the means were separated using paired Student’s t-test corrected by Benjamini-Hochberg. Pigs fed CON-HS improved the average daily gain and serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations compared to CON-NS. Pigs fed LP-LS had higher serum phosphorus and blood urea nitrogen compared to the pigs fed with LP-NS. The mRNA abundance of SLC7A11 in the jejunum was lower in CON-LS and CON-HS compared to CON-NS. Additionally, mRNA abundance of SLC6A19 in the jejunum of pigs fed with LP-LS was higher compared to LP-NS and lower in CON-HS relative to pigs fed with CON-LS. In conclusion, PWA improved the growth performance of pigs fed standard protein diets but not low protein diets. Further, the PWA improved the concentrations of blood calcium and phosphorous in pigs fed MLP diets. Funding: Agrivida and Animal Health and Production and Animal Products: Improved Nutritional Performance, Growth, and Lactation of Animals from the USDA-NIFA.

scholarly journals MP444PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF KETOANALOGUES OF AMINO ACIDS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE WITHOUT EDUCATION FOR LOW-PROTEIN DIETS

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. iii592-iii592
Author(s):  
Tae Won Lee ◽  
Ha Nee Jang ◽  
Yire Kim ◽  
Eunjin Bae ◽  
Hyun Seop Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets
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