scholarly journals Kinetics of Enzymatic Synthesis of Liquid Wax Ester from Oleic Acid and Oleyl Alcohol

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salina Mat Radzi ◽  
Rosfarizan Mohamad ◽  
Mahiran Basri ◽  
Abu Bakar Salleh ◽  
Arbakariya Ariff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Synthesis ◽  
Oleyl Alcohol ◽  
Wax Ester ◽  
Kinetics Of

Kinetics of enzymatic esterification of oleic acid and decanol for wax ester and evaluation of its physico-chemical properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.N. Prasanna Rani ◽  
T.S.V.R. Neeharika ◽  
T. Prathap Kumar ◽  
B. Satyavathi ◽  
Ch. Sailu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Wax Ester ◽  
Enzymatic Esterification ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Optimization of Oleyl Oleate Wax Ester Using Ionic Liquid Catalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 659
Author(s):  
Naowara Al-Arafi ◽  
Nadia Salih ◽  
Jumat Salimon
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Oleyl Alcohol ◽  
Wax Ester ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Acidic Ionic Liquids ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Oleyl Oleate

In this work, the synthesis of oleyl oleate wax ester using Brønsted acidic ionic liquid catalysts was carried out. Confirmation of oleyl oleate molecular structure has been performed using FTIR, NMR, and ESI-MS spectroscopies. The ability of ionic liquid catalysts for catalyzing the esterification reaction of oleic acid and oleyl alcohol to produce oleyl oleate was optimized. The ionic liquid catalyst ([NMP][CH3SO3]) was found to be the best catalyst for the esterification reaction of oleic acid and oleyl alcohol compared with the other acidic ionic liquids studied. The optimal reaction conditions were determined at a reaction time of 8 h; oleic acid to oleyl alcohol mole ratio of 1:1; ([NMP][CH3SO3]) with 9.9 wt.%; and reaction temperature of 90 °C. Under these conditions, the percentage yield of oleyl oleate wax ester was 86%.

scholarly journals Production of Oleic Acid Based Wax Ester Using Acidic Homogeneous Catalysts

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naowara Al-Arafi ◽  
Jumat Salimon
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Oleyl Alcohol ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Wax Ester ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Oleyl Oleate

Four homogeneous acidic catalysts were tested for their ability to catalyze the esterification reaction of oleic acid and oleyl alcohol to produce oleyl oleate, a wax ester. Sulfuric acid showed relatively higher specific activity. Various reaction parameters were optimised to obtain high percentage yield of oleyl oleate. The optimum condition to produce oeyl oleate was reaction time; 5 h, temperture; 90°C, amount of sulforic acid 0.15 g and molar ratio of oleyl alcohol to oleic acid; 1:1. Percentage yield of wax ester obtained at these optimum reaction conditions was 93.88. Disappearance of carboxylic acid (C=O) peak has confirmed by FTIR with appearance of ester (C=O) peak at 1739 cm−1.1H NMR spectra analyses confirmed the result of oleyl oleate with appearance of ester (-CH2OCOR) at 4.02 ppm and also the13C-NMR confirmed the result with appearance of ester (C=O) peak at 173.2 ppm. The low-temperture behavior of compound synthesized was determined through its pour point (PP), viscosity index (VI) and flash point (FP) values. The results showed that oleyl oleate exhibited the most favorable low-temperture performance of PP, VI and FP with −31°C, 197.5 and 320°C respectively. This is due to increase of the molacular weight thus improve the low temperture property significantly.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Non-Enzymatic Synthesis of Dipeptide Cbz-Phe-Leu with AOT Reversed Micelles

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1003
Author(s):  
Michiaki Matsumoto ◽  
Tadashi Hano
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Synthesis ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Ph Dependency ◽  
Optimum Water Content ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Aot Reversed Micelles

The non-enzymatic synthesis of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-leucine (Cbz-Phe-Leu) from lipophilic N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanine (Cbz-Phe) and hydrophilic L-leucine (Leu), by N, N’-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as a condensing agent, was carried out using a reversed micellar system composed of bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) as a surfactant and isooctane. We successfully synthesized Cbz-Phe-Leu in a short time and investigated the effects of its operational conditions, the DCC concentration, w0, and the pH on the kinetic parameters and the maximum yields. For dipeptide synthesis, we had to add an excess of DCC with the substrates because of the side reactions of Cbz-Phe. From the pH dependency of the reactivity, a partially cationic form of Leu was better for a synthesis reaction because of the enrichment of Leu at the interface by anionic AOT. The optimum water content on the dipeptide synthesis was w0 = 28 due to the competition of the peptide synthesis and the side reactions. The maximum yield of Cbz-Phe-Leu was 0.565 at 80 h under optimum experimental conditions.

The kinetics of the esterification reaction between castor oil and oleic acid

1991 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 639-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Erciyes ◽  
L. Dandik ◽  
O. S. Kabasakal
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Kinetics Of

Thickness-Dependent Oxidation Kinetics of Coated Films of a Self-Assembled Unsaturated Fatty Acid Aerosol Proxy with Evidence for Inert “Crust” Formation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Milsom ◽  
Adam M. Squires ◽  
Andrew D. Ward ◽  
Nicholas J. Terrill ◽  
Christian Pfrang
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Atmospheric Lifetime ◽  
Self Assembled ◽  
Kinetics Of

<p>This study focuses on the effect of surface film thickness on the ozone reaction kinetics of films of a self-assembled unsaturated fatty acid aerosol proxy coated inside quartz capillaries. It also reveals evidence for reaction stagnation and stopping for the thickest films, leaving a significant amount of unreacted material and suggesting that an inert product is formed during the course of the reaction. These findings have implications for the atmospheric lifetime of such a system.</p><p>The oleic acid-ozone reaction is used as the model system for heterogeneous oxidation reactions in organic aerosols. Major sources of oleic acid in the atmosphere include marine and cooking emissions. Oxidation of organic aerosols is known to affect Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) generation and therefore cloud formation. It follows that factors affecting aerosol reactivity have an effect on cloud formation potential and therefore also on the climate.</p><p>In our experiments, oleic acid is mixed with its sodium salt (sodium oleate) to form a highly viscous self-assembled lamellar phase system observable using a synchrotron-based technique: Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS). Here, we take advantage of intense synchrotron radiation to probe our coated capillary films. We use the observed decay of the self-assembled scattering peak as a function of time exposed to ozone. We have obtained ~50 kinetic decay parameters spanning a range of film thicknesses, showing a drastic increase in reaction kinetics with decreasing film thickness.</p><p>There is a linear relationship between increasing film thickness and amount of self-assembled material (reactant) remaining at the end of the reaction. This implies that a reaction product hinders further reactivity and that this product may take a while to form, explaining the occurrence only in thicker films.</p><p>Modelling studies will help us understand the mechanism behind these observations and to relate to a previously-postulated idea of an inert “crust” of products forming on the surface of this viscous aerosol proxy (Pfrang et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2011, 11, 7343-7354).</p><p>In summary, we demonstrate thickness-dependent reaction kinetic parameters which vary significantly with film thickness, implying that the atmospheric lifetime for a film is sensitive to the film thickness. We present evidence for reaction stagnation by an as of yet unknown inert product. Kinetic modelling is ongoing in order to explain these findings.</p>

Spectroscopic and dielectric examination of the oleyl alcohol-oleic acid system

1973 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Józef S̀liwiok ◽  
Teresa Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Oleyl Alcohol ◽  
Acid System
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