scholarly journals Histopathological changes in the lungs of rats instilled with Korean chrysotile

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. e2021014
Author(s):  
Jeong Hee Han ◽  
Yong Hyun Chung ◽  
Cheol Hong Lim
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Bronchiolitis Obliterans ◽  
Pulmonary Toxicity ◽  
Fibrous Material ◽  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

To evaluate the pulmonary toxicity of Korean chrysotile (KC), 1 or 2 mg of KC (low- and high-concentration groups, respectively) was instilled in the lungs of Sprague-Dawley rats by a single intratracheal instillation. The lungs were examined using a light microscope at several time points (5 days, 5 weeks, and 10 weeks). Up to 10 weeks after KC instillation, differences were observed in the pathological reactions and ultimately in lung recovery between the two groups. At 5 days after KC instillation, lung weight increased and severe bronchiolitis obliterans developed in proportion to the KC concentration administered. From 5 to 10 weeks after KC administration, the lung weight of the low-concentration group increased and bronchiolitis obliterans worsened. In the high-concentration group, the lung weight and the severity of bronchiolitis obliterans at 10 weeks after administration of KC declined compared to those at 5 weeks. In conclusion, the effects of KC on lung tissue were initially found to be more influenced by the amount of fiber, but over time, the effects were influenced by the residual fibrous material in the lung tissue and its biodurability.

Bioavailability in Vivo of Benzo[a]Pyrene Adsorbed to Diesel Particulate

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Bevan ◽  
David M. Ruggio
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Reasonable Estimate ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

To evaluate health risks associated with exposure to particulates in the environment, it is necessary to quantify the bioavailability of carcinogens associated with the particulates. Direct analysis of bioavailability in vivo is most readily accomplished by adsorbing a radiolabeled form of the carcinogen to the particulate. A sam ple of native diesel particulate collected from an Oldsmobile die sel engine that contained 1.03 μ g benzo[ a] pyrene ( BaP)/ g particulate was supplemented with exogenous [ 3 H]- BaP to pro duce a particulate containing 2.62 μ g BaP/g. To insure that elu tion of BaP from native and [3 H] -BaP-supplemented particulate was similar, in vitro analyses were performed. When using phos pholipid vesicles composed of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), 1.52% of total BaP was eluted from native particulate into the vesicles in 18 hrs; from [ 3 H] -BaP supplemented particu late, 1.68% was eluted. Using toluene as eluent, 2.55% was eluted from native particulate, and 8.25% from supplemented particulate, in 6 hrs. Supplemented particulate was then instilled intratracheally into male Sprague-Dawley rats and distribution of radioactivity was analyzed at selected times over 3 days. About 50% of radioactivity remained in lungs at 3 days following instil lation, with 30% being excreted into feces and the remainder dis tributed throughout the organs of the rats. To estimate the amount of radioactivity that entered feces through swallowing of a portion of the instilled dose, [3 H] -BaP-supplemented particu late was instilled intratracheally into rats that had a cannula sur gically implanted in the bile duct. Rate of elimination of radio activity into bile was monitored; 10.6% of radioactivity was re covered in 6 hr, an amount slightly lower than the 12.8% ex creted in 6 hrs into feces of animals with intact bile ducts. Our studies provide a quantitative description of the distribution of BaP and its metabolites following intratracheal instillation of diesel particulate. Because rates of elution of BaP in vitro are similar for native diesel particulate and particulate with supple mental [ 3H] -BaP, our results provide a reasonable estimate of the bioavailability in vivo of BaP associated with diesel particu late.

Carvacrol attenuates amikacin-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atta Mohammad Dost ◽  
Mehmet Gunata ◽  
Onural Ozhan ◽  
Azibe Yildiz ◽  
Nigar Vardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Per Oral

Abstract Amikacin (AK) is frequently used in the treatment of gram-negative and some gram-positive infections. However, its use is limited due to nephrotoxicity due to the increase in reactive oxygen radicals. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of carvacrol (CAR) against AK-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Thirty-two Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups as control (Vehicle), AK (400 mg/kg), CAR + AK (80 mg/kg CAR + 400 mg/kg AK), and AK + CAR (400 mg/kg AK + 80 mg/kg CAR) groups. AK and CAR were administered via intramuscular and per-oral for 7 days, respectively. Blood and kidney tissue samples were taken at the end of the experiment. Renal function and histopathological changes were compared, and the relevant parameters of oxidative stress and inflammation were detected. Histopathological findings (necrotic changes and dilatation and inflammatory cell infiltration) significantly increased in the AK group compared to the control group. Also, the rats in the AK group lost weight significantly. It was found that CAR treatment before and after AK significantly improved nephrotoxicity histopathologically (p < 0.05). However, this improvement was not detected biochemically. These results show that CAR treatment before and after AK improves nephrotoxicity in the histopathological level.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Toxicity, Distribution, and Clearance of Intratracheally Instilled Silicon Nanowires in Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny R. Roberts ◽  
Robert R. Mercer ◽  
Rebecca S. Chapman ◽  
Guy M. Cohen ◽  
Sarunya Bangsaruntip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Nanowires ◽  
Pulmonary Toxicity ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Collagen Deposition ◽  
Wire Length ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Over Time

Silicon nanowires (Si NWs) are being manufactured for use as sensors and transistors for circuit applications. The goal was to assess pulmonary toxicity and fate of Si NW using anin vivoexperimental model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were intratracheally instilled with 10, 25, 50, 100, or 250 μg of Si NW (~20–30 nm diameter; ~2–15 μm length). Lung damage and the pulmonary distribution and clearance of Si NW were assessed at 1, 3, 7, 28, and 91 days after-treatment. Si NW treatment resulted in dose-dependent increases in lung injury and inflammation that resolved over time. At day 91 after treatment with the highest doses, lung collagen was increased. Approximately 70% of deposited Si NW was cleared by 28 days with most of the Si NW localized exclusively in macrophages. In conclusion, Si NW induced transient lung toxicity which may be associated with an early rapid particle clearance; however, persistence of Si NW over time related to dose or wire length may lead to increased collagen deposition in the lung.

Inhalation of formaldehyde and xylene induces apoptotic cell death in the lung tissue

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sandikci ◽  
K. Seyrek ◽  
H. Aksit ◽  
H. Kose
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Apoptotic Cells ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Lymphoid Follicles ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

The aim of this study was to determine the localization and number of apoptotic cells in lung tissue and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) of newborns, young, and adult rats exposed to formaldehyde (6 ppm) or technical xylene (300 ppm) for 6 weeks (8 h/day). A total of 27 female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Apoptotic cells were mainly localized around the bronchus and bronchioles and relatively less frequently on the walls of alveoli and interalveolar septa both in control and experimental groups. In the BALT, reactive cells were localized in the area under the epithelium and distributed homogenously within the lymphoid follicles. The numbers of apoptotic cells in the lung tissue including the BALT were significantly higher in young and adult rats exposed to formaldehyde and xylene than those detected in control groups.

Differences in lung glutathione metabolism may account for rodent susceptibility in elastase-induced emphysema development

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (4) ◽  
pp. R1113-R1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisella R. Borzone ◽  
Leonel F. Liberona ◽  
Andrea P. Bustamante ◽  
Claudia G. Saez ◽  
Pablo R. Olmos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Diffuse Alveolar Damage ◽  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Oxidized Glutathione ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Glutamylcysteine Synthetase ◽  
Gsh Metabolism

Syrian Golden hamsters develop more severe emphysema than Sprague-Dawley rats after intratracheal instillation of the same dose of elastase/body weight. Although species variations in antielastase defenses may largely explain these results, other variables, such as differences in lung antioxidants, cannot be overlooked since oxidative stress modulates antiprotease activity. We propose that elastase instillation might affect lung glutathione (GSH) metabolism differently in these species. Our aim was to study in hamsters and rats, lung glutathione metabolism at different times, from the stage of diffuse alveolar damage to advanced emphysema. We measured total and oxidized glutathione content as well as activity and expression of enzymes related to GSH synthesis and redox cycling: γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. Whereas rats showed no significant changes in these measurements, hamsters showed significant derangement in GSH metabolism early after elastase instillation: 25% fall in total GSH ( P < 0.05) with no increase in oxidized glutathione associated with reduced enzyme activities 24 h after elastase [60% for γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase ( P < 0.01), 30% for glutathione peroxidase ( P < 0.01), and 75% for glutathione reductase ( P < 0.001)]. GSH homeostasis was restored at the end of the first week, involving transient increased expression of these enzymes. We conclude that elastase induces significant alterations in GSH metabolism of hamster lungs and no overall change in rat lungs. Although differences in disease severity may account for our findings, the hamster becomes vulnerable to functional inhibition of α1-antitrypsin by oxidants and thus, even more susceptible to injury than it would be, considering only its low α1-antitrypsin level.

Ninety-Day Toxicity Study of Alpha-Iso-Methylionone in Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie T. Politano ◽  
Aurelia A. Lapczynski ◽  
Gretchen Ritacco ◽  
Anne Marie Api
Keyword(s):  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Tubular Epithelium ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Renal Tubular Epithelium ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Effect Level ◽  
Renal Tubular

Alpha-iso-methylionone (AIM), a fragrance ingredient, was evaluated for systemic toxicity in rats. Male and female Sprague Dawley rats were administered 0, 5, 30, or 500 mg/kg/d AIM via gavage for 90 days. Statistically significant changes in blood chemistry parameters (reduced aspartate aminotransferase [AST], and increased cholesterol, creatinine, and total protein) were observed in both sexes at 500 mg/kg/d. There were statistically significant increases in liver and kidney weights in both sexes and in spleen weights in males at 500 mg/kg/d. Adaptive hepatocyte enlargement was observed in both sexes at 500 mg/kg/d. Globular accumulations of eosinophilic material were observed in the renal tubular epithelium in males at ≥30 mg/kg/d. Thyroid and bone marrow histopathological changes were observed in males at 500 mg/kg/d. The no-observed-effect level was 5 mg/kg/d for males and 30 mg/kg/d for females. Based on histopathological changes in the kidney in males, the no-observed-adverse-effect level was 30 mg/kg/d.

Comparison of the Repeated Dose Toxicity of Isomers of Dinitrotoluene

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily May Lent ◽  
Lee C. B. Crouse ◽  
Michael J. Quinn ◽  
Shannon M. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis ◽  
Lymphoid Hyperplasia ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Liver Mass ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Repeated Dose Toxicity ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
Nitroaromatic Explosive

Dinitrotoluene (DNT) is a nitroaromatic explosive used in propellant mixtures and in the production of plastics. Isomers of DNT were administered daily via oral gavage to male Sprague-Dawley rats for 14 days to determine the subacute toxicity of individual isomers of DNT. The 3,5-DNT isomer was the most toxic isomer, inducing weight loss and mortality within 3 days. Cyanosis and anemia were observed for all isomers. Exposure to 2,4-, 2,6-, and 3,5-DNT resulted in decreased testes mass and degenerative histopathological changes. Increased splenic mass was observed for 2,4-, 2,6-, and 2,5-DNT. Extramedullary hematopoiesis of the spleen was noted for all isomers, while lymphoid hyperplasia of the spleen was noted for all isomers except 2,5-DNT. Increased liver mass was observed for 2,3-DNT and 3,4-DNT. Hepatocellular lesions were observed for 2,6-DNT and 2,4-DNT. Neurotoxic effects were noted for 3,4-DNT, 2,4-DNT, and 3,5-DNT.

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