scholarly journals On the interpretation of possessives in Czech: An experimental approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-126
Author(s):  
Barbara Mertins
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Target Source

This paper presents first findings from an offline study of Czech native speakers’ use and interpretation of reflexive and non-reflexive possessive pronouns. The study is part of a larger possessive project outlined by Fabricius-Hansen et al. (2017), leaning on the comprehension experiment presented in Pitz et al. (2017). The study encompasses questionnaire data collected from 259 informants who were tested under four different conditions on two competing pronouns: the reflexive possessive (svůj) and the 3rd person non-reflexive possessive (jeho). The results revealed that Czech native speakers show a strong uncertainty when interpreting constructions with a cataphoric non-reflexive possessive. This shows that even for native speakers, the establishment of the anaphoric and cataphoric relations under certain syntactic conditions is a challenging and highly complex task. With these results, several hypotheses are formulated in various target-source-language pairs concerning the processing of reflexive and non-reflexive possessives in L2.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Transference of Humor in Translations of “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” by Mark Twain

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rezvan Barzegar Hossieni ◽  
Mohsen Mobaraki ◽  
Maryam Rabani Nia
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Mark Twain ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn ◽  
Huckleberry Finn

Translation is a difficult and complex task. Some elements such as linguistic and socio-cultural differences in two languages make it difficult to choose an appropriate equivalent; the equivalent which has the same effect in the target language. In the present study, one of the richest sources of the humor and satire is investigated. Humor is completely obvious in “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” by Mark Twain. He tried to laugh at social and cultural problems of his time by this novel. Two translations of this book by Hushang Pirnazar and Najaf Daryabandari are investigated. The author tries to investigate on transference of humor from the source language to the target language by a syntactic strategy of Chesterman. By investigating the text, it will be found out that which translator is more successful in recreation of humor by using the strategies. 

scholarly journals BERTUTUR SANTUN MELALUI TTL

IZUMI ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Idah Hamidah
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Identification Process ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Free Translation ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Indirect Speech Act ◽  
Directive Speech

Abstract Courtesy ( politeness ) is one of the recalled strategies to maintain good relations between speaker and hearer . In this study, politeness is defined as the awareness of speakers will image the hearer; a concept called ‘the face’ (Brown and Levinson, 1987). To express politeness, one of which is realized with indirect speech act (TTL), for example, to declare a function directive, speakers can use direct speech (TL) with the imperative sentences and use TTL with declarative or interrogative sentences. This study aims to find a form of directive utterances in Japanese as well as politeness strategies. The benefit of this research is to provide choice to the learner how to speak Japanese, especially for express orders using TTL. Data obtained through the identification process to find speech that is suspected to contain commands mean. This step begins by identifying and marking the discourse in the form of dialogues that contains the event said directive . Directive speech is then transcribed (romanization) , which over the alphabet of Japanese characters into Latin letters. After transcription, triangulation to native speakers. Subsequently translation (transliteration) of the Japanese language as the source language (BS) into the Indonesian language as the target (BT). The translation process includes : (1) translation literally, is glossed words each forming the speech or discourse; (2) a free translation, the translation is bound context that focuses on BT. This is done so that the translation is communicative. Based on the results of the study found seven forms of expression TTL directive to express politeness in Japanese , namely : Form [ VTE ] , [ ~ mashō ] , [ ~ kara ] , [ ~ te hoshii ] , [ ~ yattorun ? ] , [ ~ U / yo ] , and [ ~ yoni suru shikanai ] . Keywords : command ; TTL ; politeness ; directive ; imperative

scholarly journals Feeling your neighbour: an experimental approach to the polysemy of tundma ‘to feel’ in Estonian

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-309
Author(s):  
MARIANN PROOS
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Sorting Task ◽  
Rating Task

ABSTRACTThis paper offers an experimental approach to the polysemy of the Estonian perception verb tundma ‘to feel’ from the perspective of the perception ➔ cognition metaphor. First, a sorting task is used to map how native speakers perceive the different senses of tundma ‘to feel’. The results show that cognition-related senses of tundma form the most distinct and coherent group. This set was researched further by means of a second experiment, a conceptual feature rating task. The aim of this task was to assess if the cognition-related meanings of tundma differ from other cognition verbs of Estonian (teadma ‘to know’, aru saama ‘to understand’) in that they are metaphorically linked to physical perception. It was predicted that native speakers use characteristics tied to the physical perception in the conceptualisation of the type of knowledge expressed by tundma. However, native speakers did not rate sentences with tundma as more physical than sentences with abstract cognition verbs. This result is indicative of the nature of the semantics of tundma being more varied than was first thought. It is argued that the semantics of tundma refer to it being a verb of general proximal perception.

Parallel Voice Onset Time shift in Chinese Korean

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhua Jin ◽  
David J. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Language Evolution ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Time Shift ◽  
Dialect Contact ◽  
Source Language ◽  
The Usa

Abstract This study reveals the existence of a Voice Onset Time shift in the Korean spoken by native speakers residing in northeast China, a shift parallel to those reported in other Korean varieties in Korea, the USA, and Canada. The VOT pattern observed in the Chinese Korean community is argued to represent a change that cannot be simply explained in terms of diffusion via recent dialect contact, or as a feature directly inherited from the source language when it was transplanted into China over a century ago. We suggest that behind the parallel VOT shifts is the power of “drift” that drives the different Korean varieties along similar journeys of language evolution. This study presents an intriguing case where internal changes driven by “drift” may actually be initiated and further supported by language/dialect contact.

Prescriptive adaptation of English stops in initial S-clusters into Korean

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-117
Author(s):  
Ahrong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Source Language ◽  
On Line

This study investigates the role of prescriptivism and the influence of orthographic conventions on the adaptation of English loanwords in Korean. An experiment is conducted in which native speakers of Korean produce on-line adaptations of English nonce words with word-initial clusters of s-plus-stop (/sp-, st-, sk-/). The results show that Korean listeners categorize English voiceless unaspirated stops as Korean tense stops in the absence of corresponding English graphemes, whereas they select Korean aspirated stops when presented with their English spellings (p, t, c/k). This reveals a prominent bias in borrowing toward substitution by the phonetically closest sounds in the recipient language, albeit only when the role of source language orthography is suppressed.

scholarly journals Adult New Speakers of Welsh: Accent, Pronunciation and Language Experience in South Wales

Languages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Meinir Williams ◽  
Sarah Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Community Perceptions ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
Vowel Length ◽  
South Wales ◽  
New Speakers ◽  
L1 English

This study examines the experiences of adult new speakers of Welsh in Wales, UK with learning pronunciation in Welsh. Questionnaire data were collected from 115 adult L2 speakers with English as an L1 located in South Wales. We investigated self-reported perceptions of accent and pronunciation as well as exploring which speech sounds were reported to be challenging for the participants. We also asked participants how traditional native speakers responded to them in the community. Perceptions of own accent and pronunciation were not rated highly for the participants. We found an effect of speaker origin affected responses to perceptions of accent and pronunciation, as well as speaker learning level. In terms of speech sounds that are challenging, the results show that vowel length as well as the consonants absent in the L1 (English) were the most common issues reported. A range of responses from traditional native speakers were reported, including speaking more slowly, switching to English, correcting pronunciation or not responding at all. It is suggested that these results indicate that adult new speakers of Welsh face challenges with accent and pronunciation, and we discuss the implications of this for language teaching and for integration into the community.

Initial processing of morphological marking in nonnative language acquisition

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 139-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Hinz ◽  
Carina Krause ◽  
Rebekah Rast ◽  
Ellenor M. Shoemaker ◽  
Marzena Watorek
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Grammaticality Judgment ◽  
Novel Target ◽  
Initial Processing ◽  
Nominal Morphology ◽  
New System

This paper addresses the question of how learners break into a novel morpho-syntactic system, extract elements of this new system from the input they receive, process them, and begin to acquire the new system. The data for this project were collected as part of a large European project (VILLA – Varieties of Initial Learners in Language Acquisition) comparing the processes of perception, comprehension, and production during the acquisition of a novel target language (Polish) in adults of different source languages within the first hours of instruction under controlled input conditions. Two experiments, a grammaticality judgment task and an oral question-answer task, were conducted longitudinally to investigate learners’ perception and use of Polish nominal morphology in two groups of adults (French and German native speakers) after 4.5 hours and after 10.5 hours of instruction. In addition to contributing new insights into the role of the source language in the initial stages of acquisition, results speak to the influence of overall exposure to the input, and reveal interesting interactions between factors such as the frequency of a lexical item in the input and its transparency relative to the learner’s source language.

scholarly journals An empirical study on word order in predicates: on syntax, processing and information in native and learner English

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Javier Pérez-Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
First Language ◽  
Syntactic Processing ◽  
Internal Constraints ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Minimal Pairs ◽  
Interface Hypothesis

<p>This study focuses on the linearisation of verbal complements (or arguments) and adjuncts (or modifiers) in learner advanced English. The analysis is based on minimal pairs of sequences of complements and adjuncts in predicates, as in He will investigate [the construction] [in a somewhat strange way which will lead to odd results] versus He will investigate [in a somewhat strange way which will lead to odd results] [the construction]. Constituent linearisation has been claimed to be potentially subject to lexical, syntactic, processing and informative determinants. This paper analyses the influence of the verbal heads and the principles ‘complements-first’, ‘end-weight’ and ‘given-new’ on the production of predicates containing two dependents. The study has two objectives: first, to determine in which areas the ordering of such constituents in English by non-native speakers is particularly influenced by their first language (Spanish); second, to assess the plausibility of the Interface Hypothesis in a pattern which affects the so-called internal and external interfaces. Results show that internal constraints such as the length of the dependents (end-weight) and the learner’s source language (i.e. compliance with complements-first) are strong predictors of ordering choices.</p>

scholarly journals An Analysis of Interference from Javanese in the Pronunciation of ,  and  in English by the Students of Faculty of Letters in Gajayana University.

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradnya Pramita Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
First Language ◽  
The State ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Vocal Cords ◽  
English As Foreign Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
The Way

English as one of the international languages has been learned by the students of Faculty of Letters in Gajayana University. In learning English as foreign language, most learners have problem in pronunciation, especially in the way they pronounce the sound of the target language. Mispronunciations which are produce by the learners is caused by the interference of the source language or first language. The object of this research is the students of Faculty of Letters in Gajayana University 2005/2006 intake who are native speakers of Javanese and have been done phonology class. Some specific sounds are discussed in these research namely English sounds of inter-dental fricative,  and alveolar approximant. The finding of the research are some interferences occur in pronouncing those sounds, they are 1) voiceless inter-dental fricative  is pronounced using voiceless dental stop , aspirated voiceless dental stop , voiced dental stop , and voiceless palato-alveolar affricate . 2).Voiced inter-dental fricative is pronounce using voiceless dental stop , aspirated voiceless dental stop , voiced dental stop , and voiceless palato-alveolar affricate . 3).Voiced alveolar approximant  is pronounced using voiced alveolar trill. 4). the possible reasons for the interferences made are based on the similarity of characteristics in the state of vocal cords, place of articulation, and manner of articulations.

Processing Ergativity: Behavioral and Electrophysiological Evidence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Zawiszewski
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Processing Strategies ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Insight Into

So far ergativity has been mostly studied from a language-theoretic perspective and the evidence on how it is processed and represented is rather scarce. In this paper I provide an insight into ergativity from an experimental approach. First, I present an overview of the experimental methods used to investigate ergativity (self-paced reading, event-related potentials and functional magnetic resonance imaging) and next I review studies that examined behavioral, electrophysiological and neuroanatomical correlates of ergativity in both native and non-native speakers, as well as those focused on the universality of processing strategies in ergative languages. Finally, I also review and discuss the experimental data from works that dealt with syntactic and semantic aspects of ergativity and discuss the implication of the results for future research.

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