scholarly journals An introduction to the memristor – a valuable circuit element in bioelectricity and bioimpedance

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorm K. Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Constant Phase Element ◽  
Circuit Modeling ◽  
Simple Manner ◽  
Circuit Element ◽  
Memristive Behavior ◽  
Circuit Elements

Abstract The memristor (short for memory resistor) is a yet quite unknown circuit element, though equally fundamental as resistors, capacitors, and coils. It was predicted from theory arguments nearly 40 years ago, but not realized as a physical component until recently. The memristor shows many interesting features when describing electrical phenomena, especially at small (molecular or cellular) scales and can in particular be useful for bioimpedance and bioelectricity modeling. It can also give us a richer and much improved conceptual understanding of many such phenomena. Up until today the tools available for circuit modeling have been restricted to the three circuit elements (RLC) as well as the widely used constant phase element (CPE). However, as one element has been missing in our modeling toolbox, many bioelectrical phenomena may have been described incompletely as they are indeed memristive. Such memristive behavior is not possible to capture within a traditional RLC framework. In this paper we will introduce the memristor and look at bioelectrical memristive phenomena. The goal is to explain the new memristor’s properties in a simple manner as well as to highlight its importance and relevance. We conclude that memristors must be included as a readily used building block for bioimpedance and bioelectrical data analysis and modeling.

scholarly journals Penerapan Project Based Learning (PjBL) Terbimbing untuk Meningkatkan Keaktifan dan Pemahaman Siswa pada Konsep Momentum, Impuls, dan Tumbukan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Lisa Puspitasari ◽  
Budi Astuti ◽  
Masturi Masturi
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Test Instrument

This study aims to analyze the increase in students' activeness and conceptual understanding after the guided Project Based Learning (PjBL) model is applied. The research method used was a pre-experimental one group pretest-postest design. The research instruments included test and non-test instruments. The test instrument in this study was a reasoned multiple choice. The non-test instrument uses student activeness observation sheets. Students' activeness and conceptual understanding were analyzed using the N-Gain test. The significance of increasing students' activeness and understanding of concepts was analyzed using the Wilcoxon mathced pairs test. The results of the data analysis showed that the students' activeness and conceptual understanding of the Momentum, Impulse, and Collision material after being applied to guided PjBL experienced a low increase with N-Gain of 0.20 and 0.22. The results of the significance test of students' activeness and conceptual understanding were obtained values of 0.041 and 0.000 (<0.050). Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the implementation of the guided Project Based Learning model was able to significantly increase the activeness and understanding of students' concepts in the material Momentum, Impulse and Collision at Nurul Islami High School.

scholarly journals ISLAMIC MODERATION (WASATIYYAH) MANIFESTATION OF PRACTICES: AN ELABORATION OF ITS DEGREE OF EFFECTIVENESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-179
Author(s):  
Muhamadul Bakir Hj. Yaakub ◽  
Khatijah Othman ◽  
Nik Nadian Nik Nazli
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
General Principle ◽  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Equation Modelling

Purpose: The study is an attempt to elaborate on students' development explicitly, understanding and practices of Islamic Moderation Personality (IMP) in Malaysian Higher Learning Institution (MHLI). The measurement of the development of their understanding, especially in term of its representation of IMP is underlined. Based on this measurement, personal conceptual beliefs, understanding principles in life and the manifestation of IMP able to make a person different compared to others. In this article, the cause of differences is measured by comparing the intensity of IM practices and the manifestation types and patterns.  Methodology: The method used in this study is a quantitative methodology, and by using the questionnaires, the survey has been conducted to 508 respondents in six MHLIs. The data analysis was performed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) method with the help of AMOS software version 23.  Results: The survey administered to the students of MHLI showed a higher level of IMP manifestation expressed by their self-conceptual understanding and attitudinal paradigm through attitude to Allah SWT, attitude to own-self, and attitude to others. These strongly contributed to self-satisfaction personality in achieving awareness, perfection, and reasonable state of balanced and robust willingness. Simultaneously, item practices acted as a mediator between Islamic moderation conceptual paradigm and its manifestation practices.  Implications: The finding provides a foundation for further research in IMP manifestation, both as a general principle in life and specific domains such as religion, education, and socialization practices.Hence, IM as a complete balanced system in life should be adopted and practiced accurately and precisely according to the revelation sources.

Using Activity Theory to understand the contradictions in an online transatlantic collaboration between student-teachers of English as a Foreign Language

ReCALL ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Antoniadou
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Student Teachers ◽  
Activity Theory ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Language Instruction ◽  
Initial Training ◽  
Teaching English

AbstractThis article describes the contradictions reported by student-teachers in Barcelona who engaged in telecollaboration with transatlantic peers via Second Life, during their initial training in Teaching English as a Foreign Language. The data analysis draws upon Grounded Theory and is theoretically informed by Activity Theory and the notion of contradictions. The study discusses technology-based, intra- and inter-institutional contradictions, their impact on the development of the telecollaborative activity, and outcomes in bolstering student-teachers’ conceptual understanding of Network-Based Language Instruction.

Heat Transfer in Nanoelectronics by Quantum Mechanics

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Prevenslik
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Quantum Electrodynamics ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Joule Heat ◽  
Circuit Element ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Circuit Elements

Today, the transient Fourier heat conduction equation is not considered valid for the derivation of temperatures from the dissipation of Joule heat in nanoelectronics because the dimension of the circuit element is comparable to the mean free path of phonon energy carriers. Instead, the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) for ballistic transport based on the scattering of phonons within the element is thought to govern heat transfer. However, phonons respond at acoustic frequencies in times on the order of 10–100 ps, and therefore the BTE would not have meaning if the Joule heat is conserved by a faster mechanism. Unlike phonons with response times limited by acoustic frequencies, heat transfer in nanoelectronics based on QED induced heat transfer conserves Joule heat in times < 1 fs by the creation of EM radiation at optical frequencies. QED stands for quantum electrodynamics. In effect, QED heat transfer negates thermal conduction in nanoelectronics because Joule heat is conserved well before phonons respond. QED induced heat transfer finds basis in Planck’s QM given by the Einstein-Hopf relation in terms of temperature and EM confinement of the atom as a harmonic oscillator. QM stands for quantum mechanics and EM for electromagnetic. Like the Fourier equation, the BTE is based on classical physics allowing the atom in nanoelectronic circuit elements to have finite heat capacity, thereby conserving Joule heat by an increase in temperature. QM differs by requiring the heat capacity of the atom to vanish. Conservation of Joule heat therefore proceeds by QED inducing the creation of excitons (hole and electron pairs) inside the circuit element by the frequency up-conversion of Joule heat to the element’s TIR confinement frequency. TIR stands for total internal reflection. Under the electric field across the element, the excitons separate to produce a positive space charge of holes that reduce the electrical resistance or upon recombination are lost by the emission of EM radiation to the surroundings. TIR confinement of EM radiation is the natural consequence of the high surface to volume ratio of the nanoelectronic circuit elements that concentrates Joule heat almost entirely in their surface, the surfaces coinciding with the TIR mode shape of the QED radiation. TIR confinement is not permanent, present only during the absorption of Joule heat. Charge creation aside, QM requires nanoelectronics circuit elements to remain at ambient temperature while dissipating Joule heat by QED radiation to the surroundings. Hot spots do not occur provided the RI of the circuit element is greater than the substrate or surroundings. RI stands for refractive index. In this paper, QED radiation is illustrated with memristors, PC-RAM devices, and 1/ f noise in nanowires, the latter of interest as the advantage of QM in avoiding hot spots in nanoelectronics may be offset by the noise from the holes created in the circuit elements by QED induced radiation.

Study of Memristive Elements Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Vourkas ◽  
Georgios Ch. Sirakoulis
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Circuit Element ◽  
Hewlett Packard ◽  
Nanoelectronic Devices ◽  
Memristive Behavior

The existence of the fourth fundamental circuit element, the memristor, was first postulated over 30 years ago by Leon Chua. The implementation of the first modern memristor prototype by Hewlett Packard Laboratories in 2008 initiated a great scientific interest for these unique nanoelectronic devices and currently, there is a growing variety of systems that exhibit memristive behavior. However, most of the research has focused on the properties of the single devices, therefore very little is known about their response when these devices are organized into networks. In this work, the composite characteristics of memristive elements connected in network configurations are studied and the relationships among the single devices are investigated. We finally show how the threshold-dependent nonlinear memristive behavior could be elaborated to make possible the development of novel and sophisticated digital/analog memristive nanosystems.

scholarly journals THE USE OF VIRTUAL LABORATORY TO IMPROVE STUDENTS' CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING IN ACID BASE TITRATION SUBJECT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Erni Erni
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
T Test ◽  
Virtual Laboratory ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Virtual Laboratories ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Acid Base Titration ◽  
Final Data ◽  
The Mean

The research has been conducted to figure out the use of virtual laboratories on students' conceptual understanding of acid-base titration subject at SMAN 1 Tambusai. The study was an experimental research with one group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of one class, XI IPA2, a class that was treated with a virtual laboratory. The data analysis technique used was the t-test. Based on the results of the final data processing using the t-test, it was obtained that sig 5 ≤ 0.05; where 0,000 ≤ 0.05; so it was concluded that there were significant differences between the mean scores of the pretest and posttest. This shows that there is an increase by the use of virtual laboratories towards the students' conceptual understanding

scholarly journals Peningkatan Kompetensi Strategis Siswa Melalui Model Pembelajaran Conceptual Understanding Procedures

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
Adriyanto Adriyanto ◽  
Dewi Pramita ◽  
Abdillah Abdillah ◽  
Syaharuddin Syaharuddin ◽  
Mahsup Mahsup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Instrument ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Data Collection Technique

Abstract: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of conceptual understanding procedures learning model to students' strategic competencies taken from student post-test results. The study was included in quasi Experimental Design research involving 41 students consisting of two classes taken from five classes with porposive sampling techniques. The data collection technique used is a test instrument with a significant level of 5%. The results showed that the average strategic competency ability of experimental class students was 61.7, while the average strategic competency ability of control class students was 51. Based on data analysis from the t-test hypothesis that has been done, the results showed t-count > t-table (2.43 > 1.69) so that Ho was rejected and Ha accepted. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Conceptual Understanding Procedures learning model is effective against the strategic competencies of students in the material of building flat-sided rooms in grade VIII junior high school.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas model pembelajaran Conceptual Understanding Procedures terhadap kompetensi strategis siswa yang diambil dari hasil post-test siswa. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian Quasi Eksperimental Design yang melibatkan 41 siswa yang terdiri dari dua kelas yang diambil dari lima kelas dengan teknik porposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah instrumen tes dengan taraf signifikan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, rata-rata kemampuan kompetensi strategis siswa kelas eksperimen sebesar 61,7, sedangkan rata-rata kemampuan kompetensi strategis siswa kelas kontrol sebesar 51. Berdasarkan analisis data dari uji hipotesis uji-t yang sudah dilakukan, hasilnya menunjukkan t-hitung > t-tabel (2,43 > 1,69) sehingga Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Oleh sebab itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Conceptual Understanding Procedures efektif terhadap kompetensi strategis siswa pada materi bangun ruang sisi datar kelas VIII SMP.

scholarly journals RQA and TTW Strategies: Which Can Increase the Students’ Concepts Understanding?

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumadani Sagala ◽  
Putri Mardiana Sari ◽  
Rijal Firdaos ◽  
Ricadesta Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design

Concepts understanding is the key for students to have quality knowledge. A good concepts understanding will affect the achievement of other abilities such as the ability to think critically and creatively. This study aims to see the application of two strategies, namely RQA (Reading-Questioning-Answering) and TTW (Think-Talk-Write) in improving students' concepts understanding. The research method used is posttest only control group design with a total sample of 60 students divided into two experimental classes. The treatment for the first experimental class was the RQA strategy while the treatment for the second experimental class was the TTW strategy. After the treatments, the students were given 20 questions about concepts understanding motion and force material. Based on the results of testing and data analysis, it is found that there are differences in the achievement of students' conceptual understanding between RQA strategy and TTW strategy. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the three steps in the TTW strategy have a better impact on the seven aspects of conceptual understanding compared to the RQA strategy. This study provides recommendation for teachers to correctly choose learning strategies according to the character of the material to be taught.

scholarly journals Vocabulary in learning processes towards conceptual understanding of equivalent fractions—specifying students’ language demands on the basis of lexical trace analyses

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-681
Author(s):  
Lena Wessel
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Lesson Design ◽  
Equivalent Fractions ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Open Question

AbstractAlthough the teaching of vocabulary in mathematics lessons is requested in content- and language-integrated lesson designs, the clarification of the specific lexical language demands is still an open question for many mathematical topics. In a content- and language-integrated lesson design towards understanding the concept of equivalent fractions, the vocabulary (words and phrases) used by 17 students has been analyzed with qualitative means of data analysis. The qualitative in-depth analyses underline the importance of meaning-related vocabulary for making structural relations between the fractions in view explicit. Quantitative analyses of inventoried vocabulary for the four categories “self-initiated by students,” “triggered by teaching material,” “triggered by teacher,” or “triggered by peers” show the relations of collective and autonomous vocabularies from which the students retrieve their lexical means in oral and written language production.

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