scholarly journals Alienation and Lack of Trust

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Amalia Havnes ◽  
Thea Steen Skogheim
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroid ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Treatment Providers ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Enhancing Drugs

Anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use became illegal when the Norwegian Drug Act was amended in 2013, and AAS and other image- and performance-enhancing drugs were included in the politics and treatment of substance use. Few individuals with AAS-related health problems seek substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. This article aims to explore understandings of AAS dependence, barriers to treatment-seeking, and experiences of entering SUD treatment among a sample of men with AAS-related health problems struggling to cease AAS use. Seeking treatment for AAS-related health problems within SUD treatment services was described as alienating. First, because the participants experienced their struggle to quit using AAS to be different from being dependent upon psychoactive substances. They linked their struggles to symptoms of hormonal disturbance, need for a certain body size, and/or the sense of wellbeing provided by AAS and which enable them to function socially. Second, they experienced alienation because of their healthy identities, bodies and lifestyles, as opposed to how they viewed individuals with severe SUDs and emaciated bodies. A major barrier to treatment-seeking was participants’ lack of trust that SUD treatment providers had the knowledge and the means to provide treatment of their AAS-related health problems and struggle to quit AAS use. Experienced barriers towards seeking SUD treatment should be taken into account when planning, organizing and implementing health services for individuals with AAS-related health problems.

scholarly journals Use of Tramadol for Management of Opioid Use Disorders: Rationale and Recommendations

2018 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yatan Pal Singh Balhara ◽  
Arpit Parmar ◽  
Siddharth Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Abuse Liability ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Disorder Treatment ◽  
Opioid Use Disorders

ABSTRACTOpioids are one of the most common illicit psychoactive substances being used in India. In fact, opioid use disorders are the most common disorder presenting to the substance use disorder treatment centers across the country. Effective and evidence-based interventions are available for management of opioid use disorders. However, the treatment for opioid use disorders remains difficult to access for most of those in need in India. The current article presents the literature on the use of tramadol for the management of opioid use disorders. It also makes recommendations on the use of tramadol for the management of opioid use disorders. Tramadol offers a viable alternative to the existing options for the management of opioid use disorders. It has been found effective when used for this indication. It offers certain major advantages such as easy and wide availability and low abuse liability. It offers a good option to expand the treatment services for opioid use disorders across the country.

Relationship between gender and substance use among treatment-seeking gamblers

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Toneatto ◽  
Wayne Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Women Gamblers ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

Very little is known about gender differences in psychoactive substance use among gamblers. In this study, 200 individuals seeking treatment for problem gambling were assessed with respect to lifetime and current use and abuse of licit and illicit substances. As a group, they were found to have experience with psychoactive substances exceeding that reported for the general population. There were no gender differences in patterns of illicit drugs; however, the women gamblers reported greater experience with psychiatric medications over the lifetime and during the treatment and follow-up periods.

scholarly journals Abuse of Prescription Drugs in the Context of Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS): A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Schifano ◽  
Stefania Chiappini ◽  
John Corkery ◽  
Amira Guirguis
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Abuse Liability ◽  
Novel Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Enhancing Drugs

Recently, a range of prescription and over-the-counter drugs have been reportedly used as Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS), due to their potential for abuse resulting from their high dosage/idiosyncratic methods of self-administration. This paper provides a systematic review of the topic, focusing on a range of medications which have emerged as being used recreationally, either on their own or in combination with NPS. Among gabapentinoids, pregabalin may present with higher addictive liability levels than gabapentin, with pregabalin being mostly identified in the context of opioid, polydrug intake. For antidepressants, their dopaminergic, stimulant-like, bupropion activities may explain their recreational value and diversion from the therapeutic intended use. In some vulnerable clients, a high dosage of venlafaxine (‘baby ecstasy’) is ingested for recreational purposes, whilst the occurrence of a clinically-relevant withdrawal syndrome may be a significant issue for all venlafaxine-treated patients. Considering second generation antipsychotics, olanzapine appears to be ingested at very large dosages as an ‘ideal trip terminator’, whilst the immediate-release quetiapine formulation may possess proper abuse liability levels. Within the image- and performance- enhancing drugs (IPEDs) group, the beta-2 agonist clenbuterol (‘size zero pill’) is reported to be self-administered for aggressive slimming purposes. Finally, high/very high dosage ingestion of the antidiarrhoeal loperamide has shown recent increasing levels of popularity due to its central recreational, anti-withdrawal, opiatergic effects. The emerging abuse of prescription drugs within the context of a rapidly modifying drug scenario represents a challenge for psychiatry, public health and drug-control policies.

scholarly journals The Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Treatment Gap: A National Study of Substance Use Disorder Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117822182090415
Author(s):  
Ingrid Amalia Havnes ◽  
Marie Lindvik Jørstad ◽  
Jim McVeigh ◽  
Marie-Claire Van Hout ◽  
Astrid Bjørnebekk
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
National Study ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroid ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Providers ◽  
Androgenic Steroid ◽  
Physical Health Problems ◽  
The Individual

Background: Anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) use is associated with serious mental and physical health problems. Evidence indicates that AAS use among people who use psychoactive substances is higher than in the general population. This study aims to estimate lifetime AAS use among patients in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment, compare characteristics of AAS and non-AAS users and identify whether AAS use was addressed during treatment. Methods: This cross-sectional survey included 563 (142 women, 24.2%) patients in 38 SUD treatment facilities in Norway. Respondents reported on AAS and substance use, and treatment experiences. Results: Lifetime AAS use was reported by 156 (28.3%) SUD patients, thereof 35.6% of the men and 8.0% of the women. Lifetime AAS use was highest among men with stimulants (55.8%) as preferred substance, and lowest among men who preferred alcohol (14.6%). Initiation of AAS use due to getting thinner following substance use was reported by 44.5% of the AAS using men. AAS users reported more severe substance use than non-AAS users. More than half (58%) of all patients had not been asked about AAS use, and 42.4% of those who were asked, experienced that treatment providers lacked expertise about AAS. Conclusion: Lifetime AAS use in this sample of SUD patients is common practice and comprise an underrecognized problem in SUD treatment. Given the deleterious implications to the individual and society that concomitant use of AAS may cause, it would be essential to raise the awareness about AAS use among SUD patients, and the level of competence among health professionals.

Religious Uses of Licit and Illicit Psychoactive Substances in a Branch of the Santo Daime Religion

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward MacRae
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Santo Daime ◽  
Brazilian Society ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
Constant Source

The article deals with the different effects of tolerant and prohibitionist policies associated with psychoactive substance use in Brazil. Whereas the licit use of ayahuasca has been successfully incorporated into mainstream Brazilian society, the ritual use of cannabis by one of the Santo Daime religious groups has never been fully accepted and remains a constant source of problems for the ayahuasca churches, their followers and society at large.

An institutional ethnography of prevention and treatment services for substance use disorders in the Dominican Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-703
Author(s):  
Mark Padilla ◽  
José Félix Colón-Burgos ◽  
Caroline Mary Parker ◽  
Nelson Varas-Díaz ◽  
Armando Matiz-Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Institutional Ethnography ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Prevention And Treatment
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