Anthropometric Parameters of Amateur Boxers: Comparability and Sensitivity of Equations used to Calculate Body Density

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Philip Davis ◽  
Ralph Beneke
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Iliac Crest ◽  
High Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Density ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Density Equation ◽  
Weight Groups ◽  
Medium Weight

IIntroduction. The comparability and validity of equations used to calculate body density and body fat in boxers is unknown. Material and methods. Twenty-one amateur boxers covering all 10 weight categories had seventeen anthropometric measurements taken. Comparison was made between four different percentage body fats based on different body density equations and five different sum of x values. Results. The results suggest that low and medium-weight boxers are similar in terms of morphological (mesomorph-ectomorph) and anthropometric characteristics, contrasting against the ‘different breed’ of the high-weight group (mesomorph-endomorph). Results from different body density equations differ by as much as 7.6%. The body density equation of Lohman is the most reliable at detecting differences between weight groups. Conclusion. Priority should be given to measuring subscapular, abdominal and thigh skin folds as they have largest variation between weight categories. Using the sum of 6a (triceps, subscapular, bicep, iliac crest, abdominal and thigh) as opposed to the total sum of 8 improves data collection speed, comparability and validity when making comparisons over time and between boxers. The use of a body fat percentage should only be use as a last resort for feedback of results in layman’s terms and its limitations made clear.

scholarly journals Optimizing Field Body Fat Percentage Assessment in Professional Soccer Players

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 727
Author(s):  
Maria Martinez-Ferran ◽  
Eleh Rafei ◽  
Carlos Romero-Morales ◽  
Margarita Pérez-Ruiz ◽  
Alberto Lam-Meléndez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Iliac Crest ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Professional Soccer

Body composition is a determinant of performance in soccer. To estimate the body fat percentage (%BF), dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is effective though this method is expensive and not readily accessible. This study examines the validity of widely used field methods based on anthropometric data and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Participants were 21 male Spanish First Division soccer players aged between 22 and 35 years. In each participant, body fat mass was determined by BIA and using 18 anthropometric equations including skinfold (SKF) measurements. DXA was used as reference. Correlation with DXA measurements was excellent for all equations and separate SKF measurements yet only moderate for BIA. However, only the equation recently developed for use in soccer players based on iliac crest and triceps SKFs showed no significant or standardized differences with DXA-derived %BF and these measurements also had the lowest bias. Our findings suggest that when DXA is not available, the best field method for %BF assessment in footballers is the equation based on iliac crest and triceps SKF. As another good option, we propose the sum of triceps, subscapular, supraspinal, and abdominal SKFs, as this combination also showed good correlation with DXA.

Estimation of body fat in young women

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 967-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Sloan ◽  
J. J. Burt ◽  
C. S. Blyth
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Iliac Crest ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Density ◽  
Multiple Correlation ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
The Mean

The body density of 50 healthy young women was determined by underwater weighing, and five skin-fold thicknesses and five girths were measured on each subject. The mean body density was 1.0467 g/ml (sd ± 0.0122), corresponding to 20.06 ± 4.63% by weight of fat in the body by the formula of Keys and Brozcaronek or 22.91 ± 5.58% by the formula of Siri. The mean specific gravity at water temperature 37.5 C was 1.0537 (sd ± 0.0122), corresponding to 22.13 ± 7.08% fat by the formula of Rathbun and Pace. The skin-fold measurement that showed the highest correlation with a composite criterion of skin folds was that over the iliac crest (r = +.92). The best prediction of body density was from skin-fold measurements over the iliac crest and back of arm, which gave a multiple correlation of –.74. Submitted on October 9, 1961

scholarly journals The assessment of the body fat percentage by skinfold thickness measurements in childhood and young adolescence

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Deurenberg ◽  
John J. L. Pieters ◽  
Joseph G. A. J. Hautvast
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Prediction Error ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Body Density ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Pubertal Boys

The relationship of skinfold thicknesses to body density and of skinfold thicknesses to densitometrically determined body fat was evaluated in a group of 378 boys and girls, aged 7–20 years. According to their maturation level, they were divided into a prepubertal, a pubertal and a post-pubertal group. In each maturation group boys were older, had higher body-weights and body heights, higher body densities, lower percentage body fat, higher waist:hips ratios and higher trunk:total skinfolds ratios than girls. Body density in each maturation level could be quite precisely predicted by skinfold thicknesses. In prepubertal and pubertal boys and girls but not in post-pubertal boys and girls, age was also an important predicting variable for body density. The assessment of percentage body fat from skinfold thicknesses had a prediction error of 3–5 %, which was highest in the prepubertal children. The prediction error is comparable to the prediction error of percentage body fat from skinfold thicknesses in adults, as reported in the literature. Only in post-pubertal boys and girls was the waist:hip ratio correlated with measures of body fatness. Moreover, only in the post-pubertal boys and in the pubertal and post-pubertal girls was the waist:hips ratio correlated with another measure of body fat distribution, the trunk:total skinfold ratio. The relative amount of internal body fat was found to be higher in the younger maturation groups. It is concluded that at younger ages the waist:hips ratio is a poor indicator of body fat distribution.

scholarly journals Changes of body composition among university students depending on the consumption frequency of selected bakery products

2021 ◽  
pp. 281-290
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
University Students ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Wheat Bread ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Consumption Frequency

Background. Bakery products such as bread, rolls, croissants and others are an important part of eating habits. Recently, their consumption has been associated with an undesirable increase and prevalence of overweight or obesity. Objective. The aim of the work was to analyze the influence of the consumption frequency of selected types of bread / bakery products on anthropometric parameters in a group of university students. Material and Methods. The group was composed of 120 volunteers consuming different types of bread / bakery products with different consumption frequencies during the week. The anthropometric parameters were measured by InBody 720. To obtain information on the frequency of consumption we used the questionnaire method. Results. The results suggest that in most cases it is not the type of product that is decisive, but its quantity consumed and frequency of consumption supported by low daily physical activity, resp. sedentary lifestyle. We found similar results of the influence of the consumption frequency on anthropometric parameters for all types of bread. Low levels of physical activity, basal metabolism and consumption of selected types of bakery products (wheat bread, wheat rolls, sweet pastries and gluten-free variants) can cause an increase in visceral as well as total body fat, weight gain, BMI, at the expense of fat-free mass. Our results showed that the groups of participants who did not consume a certain type of bread at all, rarely or 1 to 3 times a week, showed higher values of the examined parameters (BMI, body weight, body fat percentage, WHR) compared to the group which consumed a particular type of bakery products on average 4 to 7 times a week. The parameter´s values were largely influenced by the levels of physical activity. Conclusions. Based on the results it is possible to assume that if the bakery products are the part of a balanced diet with regard to the individual energy needs, it should not be the main cause of overweight / obesity in humans.

EFFECT OF SPORTS MEDICINE ON REDUCING BODY FAT PERCENTAGE AND LEAN BODY MASS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 714-717
Author(s):  
Chunyan Fan
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Level Of Evidence

ABSTRACT Introduction: Aerobic exercise has begun to be widely recognized as a reasonable means of preventing fat and losing weight. Scholars have confirmed that sports can help the human body lose weight and lose fat. Objective: This article measures the exercise performance indicators of subjects in different body fat percentage groups and studies the relationship between body fat percentage and exercise performance indicators. Methods: The study uses experimental methods to determine the percentage of body fat of the subjects. After physical exercise and aerobic exercise, the volunteers were tested for aerobic capacity indicators. Results: The body fat percentage of physically inactive persons was negatively correlated with aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacity indexes. Conclusion: The mechanism of aerobic exercise in weight loss treatment has the effect of promoting lipolysis and regulating blood lipid metabolism. At the same time, it has a significant influence on the number and activity of fat cells. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

scholarly journals Equation Córdoba: A Simplified Method for Estimation of Body Fat (ECORE-BF)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molina-Luque ◽  
Romero-Saldaña ◽  
Álvarez-Fernández ◽  
Bennasar-Veny ◽  
Álvarez-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
New Equation

Background: Many methods for measuring body fat have been developed, but applications in clinical settings are limited. For this reason, researchers have tried to identify different formulas for its estimation but most of are hard to incorporate into daily work due to the variability in population and difficulty of use. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a new equation for the simplified estimation of body fat using the Clínica Universidad de Navarra – Body Adiposity Estimator (CUN-BAE) as a reference. Methods: This research was conducted in two phases. In the first, the new body fat estimation equation was developed. The developed equation was validated in the second phase. Pearson’s linear correlation, raw and adjusted linear regressions, the intraclass correlation coefficient, and Bland–Altman graphs were used. Results: The variables that best adjusted the body fat percentage were age, sex, and the Napierian logarithm of Body Mass Index (LnBMI), forming the Equation Córdoba for Estimation of Body Fat (ECORE-BF) model. In its validation, the model presented correlation values of 0.994, an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.960, with the Bland–Altman graph indicating means differences of 1.82 with respect to the estimation with the CUN-BAE. Nevertheless, although the aim was to simplify the CUN-BAE, the main limitation of this study is that a gold standard, such as air displacement plethysmography (ADP) or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), was not used. Conclusions: The proposed equation (ECORE-BF) simplified the CUN-BAE and provided a precise method, respecting the principle of parsimony, for the calculation of body fat.

scholarly journals Body fat percentage in adolescents from Curitiba-PR metropolitan region: reference data using LMS method

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-380
Author(s):  
Wagner Luis Ripka ◽  
Eduardo Esmanhoto ◽  
Leandra Ulbricht
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Lms Method

Percentile indicators, aided in its development by biomedical engineering, relative to body fat distribution in adolescents are able to help health professionals in better diagnosing overweight and obesity. The aim of this study was to calculate percentile values to body fat in adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years from the Curitiba-PR and its metropolitan region composed of 29 municipalities, having as reference method the dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) technology. After applying inclusion criteria for the adolescents, anthropometric measures of body fat and stature were taken, as well as evaluation of the body composition through DXA. The statistical analysis was grounded in the presentation of percentilic values developed by Cole and Green’s LMS method, where L stands for the skewness curve, M for the mean curve and S for the variance curve. In total, 390 boys were evaluated. The fat percentage values tend to show a decrease between the ages of 12 (22.8±5.1%) and 16 years (17.9±2.9%). Moreover, for the superior percentiles: 90th and 97th re-start to increase at the age of 17 after showing a decrease in the previous years. The L, M and S parameters, altogether with the percentiles created to evaluate body fat are interesting tools to tendency and evolution analyses, as well as to enable inferences to be made about the body composition of adolescents.

scholarly journals Prediction equations for the estimation of body composition in the elderly using anthropometric data

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 823-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein Visser ◽  
Ellen Van Den Heuvel ◽  
Paul Deurenberg
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Body Density ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
The Relationship

To study the relationship between health and nutritional status in elderly populations, information about body composition is essential. To collect this information in large epidemiological studies, practical methods based on anthropometric data must be available. In the present study the relationship between body composition, determined by densitometry, and anthropometric data in 204 elderly men and women, aged 60–87 years, was analysed. Existing prediction equations described in the literature, and mainly based on young and middle-aged subjects, generally underestimated percentage body fat in the elderly study population. Therefore, new prediction equations were developed, based on sex and the sum of two (biceps and triceps) or four (biceps, triceps, suprailiaca and subscapula) skinfolds or the body mass index (BMI). Addition of age or body circumferences to the models did not improve the prediction of body density. Internal cross validation and external validation revealed that the formulas are valid for the estimation of body density in elderly subjects. The standard errors of estimate of the three models, expressed as percentage body fat, were 5.6, 5.4 and 4.8% respectively.

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