scholarly journals Ghrelin and obestatin in thyroid gland — immunohistochemical expression in nodular goiter, papillary and medullary cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Gurgul ◽  
Aldona Kasprzak ◽  
Agata Blaszczyk ◽  
Maciej Biczysko ◽  
Joanna Surdyk-Zasada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Immunohistochemical Expression ◽  
Medullary Cancer

THYROID CYTOLOGY AND IT'S INTERPRETATION WITH THYROID FUNCTION TEST

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-82
Author(s):  
Dipti Debbarma ◽  
Shipra Singh ◽  
Debarshi Jana ◽  
Chittaranjan Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Nodular Goitre ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Euthyroid State ◽  
Function Test

INTRODUCTION: The Thyroid gland is unique among the endocrine glands. It is the largest of all the endocrine glands and it is supercial in location. It is the only gland which is easily approachable to direct physical, cytological and histopathological examination. The thyroid gland is affected by a variety of pathological lesions that are manifested by various morphologies including developmental, inammatory, hyperplastic and neoplastic pathology which are quiet common in the clinical practice. AIM OFTHE STUDY:In this study, we aimed to assess the cytological ndings of palpable thyroid nodules in conjunction with thyroid hormonal prole of the patient. To study the incidence in relevance to age, sex in various categories of thyroid lesions. MATERIALS & METHODS: Study Design: Institutional based Cross-sectional Study. Duration of study: January 2019 to August 2020. Source of data: Patients presenting to the OPD and admitted in the In-patient ward at Darbhanga Medical College, Bihar. Place of study: Department of Pathology, Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital, Laheriasarai, Bihar. Sample Size: 60 patients of enlarged thyroid gland. RESULTS & OBSERVATIONS: We found that the 53.3% Patients are in euthyroid state. Nodular goitre is the most common nding. In the present study among 60 patients, Nodular goiter accounts for 83.3 % of all cases; 41.7% of them were in euthyroid state, 21.7 % in hypothyroid state , 8.3 % in subclinical hypothyroid and remaining 11.7 % in hyperthyroid state . SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION: FNAC together with thyroid function test (TFT) analysis leads to early and accurate diagnosis of various thyroid diseases and reduces surgical intervention. The study showed that FNAcytologic diagnosis cannot be used to predict thyroid function using total serum T4, T3 and TSH concentrations. Measurement of TSH, free T4, and free T3 would be preferable

NODULAR GOITER AND MALIGNANT LESIONS OF THE THYROID GLAND*

1951 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1157-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLIVER H. BEAHRS ◽  
JOHN DEJ. PEMBERTON ◽  
B. MARDEN BLACK
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Malignant Lesions

scholarly journals Certain peculiarities of parenchymal-stromal correlations in the thyroid gland with nodular forms of goiter with its rucurrent and non-recurrent course

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
N. P. Tkachuk ◽  
I. S. Davydenko
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Stromal Component ◽  
Correlation Parameters

In spite of a considerable efficacy of conservative treatment of goiter, surgery remains the main method of treatment of such patients. Though, on the one hand, total thyroidectomy inevitably results in the development of postsurgical hypothyroidism, on the other hand – in case organ-saving surgery is performed the risk of postsurgical relapse arises. Modern morphological methods are directed to detection of oncological risk of nodular formations, and recommendations concerning an adequate volume of surgery taking into account probability of relapse are practically lacking. Therefore, the objective of the study was finding criteria of a relapsing risk by means of investigation of morphological peculiarities of the parenchymal-stromal correlations in the thyroid gland with recurrent nodular and primary nodular (multinodular) goiter without signs of functional disorders. In the course of the research according to the examined correlation parameters of the parenchyma and stroma various forms of nodular goiter were found to differ from the thyroid tissue without pathological changes by a number of parameters. In particular, specific weight of the parenchyma on an average increases reliably in the tissue of nodular goiter with its various variants in comparison with the thyroid gland without pathological changes. Together with the increase of the parenchymal specific weight in nodular goiter the amount of colloid on an average decreases, and a specific dependence on the kind of goiter is observed – colloid volume decreases from goiter with slow growth to goiter with quick growth, and it is the smallest with goiter relapse. Quantitative analysis of the goiter tissue stromal component demonstrates a considerable increase of its specific volume in comparison with normal thyroid tissue. Evaluation of changes of the morphometric parameters in the thyroid follicles found that in case of nodular goiter with slow growth the percentage of follicles with colloid is close to 100%. On an average it does not differ from that of the normal thyroid tissue. At the same time, in case of nodular goiter with quick growth the percentage of follicles with colloid decreases sharply, and in case of relapse it appears to be still less than that in nodular goiter with quick growth. Besides, with nodular goiter the diameter of follicles on an average increases in comparison with the normal thyroid tissue. In a number of cases it can be estimated as macrofollicular goiter. At the same time, the diameter of follicles is smaller in nodular goiter with quick growth. It is still less in case of goiter relapse. The size of follicles becomes sharply diverse in case of nodular goiter with slow growth, but it decreases in case of nodular goiter with quick growth and relapse. Consequently, recurrent nodular goiter is mostly similar to that of primary nodular goiter with a quick growth, though certain differences between them exist. The peculiarities found enable to suggest that nodular goiter with a quick growth possesses more chances for relapse.

A CLINICAL STUDY OF SOLITARY THYROID NODULE

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-16
Author(s):  
U. Shiva ◽  
M. Ramachandra
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Systemic Approach ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
Solitary Thyroid Nodule

A solitary thyroid nodule (STN) is dened as a palpable discreet swelling in an other wise normal thyroid gland. Found to affect 4-7% of total population with female to male ratio being 4:1. majority of STN are benign. Benign causes include colloid goiter. and dominant nodule of multi nodular goiter. Incidence of malignancies is around 5- 10%. A systemic approach is needed to evaluate and treat STN.

The remote results of laser destruction of proliferating colloidal goiter

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
Yu. K Aleksandrov ◽  
Vasiliy I. Semikov ◽  
V. A Kudachkov ◽  
E. I Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Follicular Epithelium ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Tissue Structures

The article presents the remote results (time-period more than 1 year) of application of percutaneous laser destruction in treatment of nodular goiter in 164 patients. The reliable decreasing of dimensions and size of nodular formations of thyroid gland in early time-periods with continuation of regression during a year is established. In the following, slight regression was marked during 3,5-5 years. The morphological analysis established that in remote time-periods after percutaneous laser destruction of nodular proliferating colloid goiter the destroyed follicular epithelium and colloid are replaced by connective tissue structures with large amount of collagen guaranteeing long-term predictive result.

scholarly journals Postoperative rehabilitation of patients with colloidal nodular goiter

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
G. K. Zherlov ◽  
N. P. Rezantseva ◽  
D. V. Zykov ◽  
A. V. Karpovich ◽  
T. G. Zherlova
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Postoperative Management ◽  
Hormonal Status ◽  
Postoperative Rehabilitation ◽  
Wound Reparation

The new method for the rehabilitation of patients operated on thyroid gland because of the colloidal nodular goiter has been suggested. The method includes the prescription of non-steroid anti-inflammatory nimesulide drug and microwaves during the earlier postoperative period in combination with the hormonal status correction. This rehabilitation method results in sooner wound reparation, shorter period of physical disability, and better life quality of patients comparing to traditional postoperative management.

scholarly journals Immune-histochemical indicators of the morpho-functional state of the thyroid gland in norm and after prenatal antigenic exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
O.V. Fedosieieva
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Immunohistochemical Expression ◽  
Functional Immaturity ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Antigenic Exposure ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Newborn Animals

During the individual development and exposure to infectious agents of the organism, the structural components of the thyroid gland can change significantly. In modern research, great importance is attached to the study of mechanisms for maintaining morphological homeostasis of the thyroid gland and ideas about its structural and functional restructuring in response to the body's immune system to various infections. The morpho-functional features of the thyroid gland of newborn animals after prenatal action of thyroid-nonspecific antigen (staphylococcal toxoid) have been experimentally established. In antigen-premiumed rats, the timing of folliculogenesis changes, as well as the size, distribution and immunohistochemical expression of antibodies to thyroglobulin, the functional state of thyrocytes and follicles compared to normal. The detected immuno­histochemical changes indicate signs of morpho-functional immaturity of the organ with hypoactivity elements.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical features of expression and distribution of antibodies to thyroglobulin in the thyroid glands of newborn rats after prenatal exposure of dexamethasone

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
O.V. Fedosieieva ◽  
O.I. Pototska
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Prenatally Exposed ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Immunohistochemical Expression ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Thyroid Epithelium

In clinical practice, synthetic glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone, are used to accelerate fetal maturation in pregnant women at risk of preterm birth. Increasing the concentration of cortisol in humans and other mammals often causes structural and functional changes in fetal tissues, preparing it for childbirth and extrauterine life, but they can have long-term consequences in the structural organization of organs postnatally. Despite the large number of studies on the effect of glucocorticoids on the fetus, there are almost no data on the prenatal effect of dexamethasone on the processes of synthesis and resorption of thyroglobulin by thyroid thyrocytes in the postnatal period of life. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the immunohistochemical features of expression and distribution of antibodies to thyroglobulin in the thyroid glands of newborn rats in normal and after prenatal exposure to dexamethasone. The study material was the thyroid gland of Wistar rats aged 1 to 7 days of postnatal development (54 animals): I group - intact animals (norm); ІІ group - control, animals which were injected with 0.9% NaCl solution at a dose of 0.05 ml to each fetus on the 18th day of dated pregnancy; III group - experimental animals, which were administered a solution of dexamethasone at a dilution of 1:40 at a dose of 0.05 ml to each fetus on the 18th day of the date of pregnancy operatively during laparotomy, by intrauterine, transdermal subcutaneous injection into the interscapular area (Ukrainian patent №112288). Thyroglobulin Antibody (2H11) monoclonal antibodies: sc-51708 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. were used for immunohistochemical study. Photo documentation of the studied objects was performed using a “Primo Star” microscope (Carl Zeiss, Germany) using an AxioCam camera using the Zeiss Zen program (2011). Analysis of micropreparations of thyroid glands of intact and control rats showed invariance of thyroglobulin synthesis and its accumulation, which was expressed by sufficient immunohistochemical expression of antibodies to thyroglobulin (ТgAb+). Prenatal administration of dexamethasone leads to intensification of the processes of morphological development of hormone-producing structures (follicles and follicular epithelium), production, resorption and iodination of thyroglobulin. This is evidenced by immunohistochemical studies found in 1-3 days of the neonatal period. It should be noted that on the 7th day of life the newborn was found intense changes in the structure of the parenchyma of the thyroid gland of animals of the experimental group: increased relative percentage of follicle cavity due to increased number of large and medium, some follicles had no resorption vacuoles which was accompanied by a slowdown in the excretion of hormones into the bloodstream and led to overstretching of the follicles and, as a consequence, to the flattening of the thyroid epithelium. Intrauterine administration of dexamethasone leads to prenatal acceleration of structure formation, folliculogenesis and enhancement of hormone-producing function, which is confirmed by the peculiarities of immunohistochemical expression of TgAb. By the end of the neonatal period in rats prenatally exposed to dexamethasone, the thyroid gland is depleted of compensatory-reactive internal reserves, which is morphologically and immunohistochemically manifested by signs of hypofunction and hypertrophy. Thus, detected in the thyroid glands of animals prenatally exposed to dexamethasone, aberration of cytoplasmic expression of ТgAb+, intensification of colloidal expression of ТgAb+, flattening of thyroid epithelium, and the absence of resorption vacuoles are signs of impaired hormone-forming function, which is the morphological basis for the development of hypofunctional states and requires further study.

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