scholarly journals Igf2-H19, an imprinted tandem gene, is an important regulator of embryonic development, a guardian of proliferation of adult pluripotent stem cells, a regulator of longevity, and a ‘passkey’ to cancerogenesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Z. Ratajczak
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Adult Pluripotent Stem Cells

scholarly journals High-throughput identification of small molecules that affect human embryonic vascular development

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (15) ◽  
pp. E3022-E3031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Vazão ◽  
Susana Rosa ◽  
Tânia Barata ◽  
Ricardo Costa ◽  
Patrícia R. Pitrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Vascular Effect

Birth defects, which are in part caused by exposure to environmental chemicals and pharmaceutical drugs, affect 1 in every 33 babies born in the United States each year. The current standard to screen drugs that affect embryonic development is based on prenatal animal testing; however, this approach yields low-throughput and limited mechanistic information regarding the biological pathways and potential adverse consequences in humans. To develop a screening platform for molecules that affect human embryonic development based on endothelial cells (ECs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells, we differentiated human pluripotent stem cells into embryonic ECs and induced their maturation under arterial flow conditions. These cells were then used to screen compounds that specifically affect embryonic vasculature. Using this platform, we have identified two compounds that have higher inhibitory effect in embryonic than postnatal ECs. One of them was fluphenazine (an antipsychotic), which inhibits calmodulin kinase II. The other compound was pyrrolopyrimidine (an antiinflammatory agent), which inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), decreases EC viability, induces an inflammatory response, and disrupts preformed vascular networks. The vascular effect of the pyrrolopyrimidine was further validated in prenatal vs. adult mouse ECs and in embryonic and adult zebrafish. We developed a platform based on human pluripotent stem cell-derived ECs for drug screening, which may open new avenues of research for the study and modulation of embryonic vasculature.

scholarly journals Organoids by design

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 364 (6444) ◽  
pp. 956-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanori Takebe ◽  
James M. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Narrative Design ◽  
Current Challenge ◽  
And Function ◽  
Higher Order Functions

Organoids are multicellular structures that can be derived from adult organs or pluripotent stem cells. Early versions of organoids range from simple epithelial structures to complex, disorganized tissues with large cellular diversity. The current challenge is to engineer cellular complexity into organoids in a controlled manner that results in organized assembly and acquisition of tissue function. These efforts have relied on studies of organ assembly during embryonic development and have resulted in the development of organoids with multilayer tissue complexity and higher-order functions. We discuss how the next generation of organoids can be designed by means of an engineering-based narrative design to control patterning, assembly, morphogenesis, growth, and function.

Heterogeneity of chromatoid bodies in adult pluripotent stem cells of planarianDugesia japonica

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Kashima ◽  
Nobuyoshi Kumagai ◽  
Kiyokazu Agata ◽  
Norito Shibata
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Chromatoid Bodies ◽  
Adult Pluripotent Stem Cells

Differentiation of nerve-derived adult pluripotent stem cells into osteoblastic and endothelial cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang-You Yang ◽  
Nora Strong ◽  
Xuan Gong ◽  
Michael H. Heggeness
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Pluripotent Stem Cells

Clinical scale expanded adult pluripotent stem cells prevent graft-versus-host disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 255 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kovacsovics-Bankowski ◽  
Philip R. Streeter ◽  
Kelsey A. Mauch ◽  
Mark R. Frey ◽  
Amy Raber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Graft Versus Host Disease ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Scale ◽  
Host Disease ◽  
Graft Versus Host ◽  
Adult Pluripotent Stem Cells

scholarly journals Environmental Alterations during Embryonic Development: Studying the Impact of Stressors on Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1564
Author(s):  
Federica Lamberto ◽  
Irene Peral-Sanchez ◽  
Suchitra Muenthaisong ◽  
Melinda Zana ◽  
Sandrine Willaime-Morawek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Developmental Origins ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
The Impact

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) sauch as diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases are rising rapidly in all countries world-wide. Environmental maternal factors (e.g., diet, oxidative stress, drugs and many others), maternal illnesses and other stressors can predispose the newborn to develop diseases during different stages of life. The connection between environmental factors and NCDs was formulated by David Barker and colleagues as the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis. In this review, we describe the DOHaD concept and the effects of several environmental stressors on the health of the progeny, providing both animal and human evidence. We focus on cardiovascular diseases which represent the leading cause of death worldwide. The purpose of this review is to discuss how in vitro studies with pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), such as embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (ESC, iPSC), can underpin the research on non-genetic heart conditions. The PSCs could provide a tool to recapitulate aspects of embryonic development “in a dish”, studying the effects of environmental exposure during cardiomyocyte (CM) differentiation and maturation, establishing a link to molecular mechanism and epigenetics.

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