scholarly journals Body mass index correlates positively with insulin resistance and secretion but inversely with insulin sensitivity in gestational diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Tofail ◽  
Sharmin Jahan ◽  
Mashfiqul Hasan ◽  
Fakhrul Alam ◽  
Mohammad Fariduddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass

scholarly journals Responses of Serum Androgen and Insulin Resistance to Metformin and Pioglitazone in Obese, Insulin-Resistant Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 1360-1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ortega-González ◽  
S. Luna ◽  
L. Hernández ◽  
G. Crespo ◽  
P. Aguayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio

Severe insulin resistance is a key abnormality in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether pioglitazone decreases insulin resistance (IR) and hyperandrogenism to the same extent as metformin in obese women with PCOS who have not received any previous treatment. Fifty-two women with PCOS were randomly allocated to receive either pioglitazone (30 mg/d, n = 25) or metformin (850 mg three times daily, n = 27) and were assessed before and after 6 months. Body weight, body mass index, and waist to hip ratio increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) after pioglitazone treatment but not after metformin treatment. Fasting serum insulin concentration (P < 0.001 for both drugs) and the area under the insulin curve during a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test decreased after pioglitazone (P < 0.002) or metformin (P < 0.05) treatment. IR (homeostasis model of assessment-IR index) decreased and insulin sensitivity (elevation of the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index and the fasting glucose to insulin ratio) increased (P ≤ 0.008) after treatment with either drug. Hirsutism (P < 0.05) and serum concentrations of free testosterone (P < 0.02) and androstenedione (P < 0.01) declined to a similar extent after treatment with the drugs. Treatment with pioglitazone or metformin was associated with the occurrence of pregnancy (n = 5 and n = 3, respectively). These results suggest that pioglitazone is as effective as metformin in improving insulin sensitivity and hyperandrogenism, despite an increase in body weight, body mass index, and the waist to hip ratio associated with pioglitazone.

scholarly journals Modulation of Adiponectin and Leptin during Refeeding of Female Anorexia Nervosa Patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 1843-1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalit Modan-Moses ◽  
Daniel Stein ◽  
Clara Pariente ◽  
Amit Yaroslavsky ◽  
Anka Ram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Hmw Adiponectin ◽  
Total Adiponectin

Abstract Context: Several studies assessed adiponectin levels in anorexia nervosa (AN) patients, however, data regarding the dynamics of changes in adiponectin levels during refeeding of these patients is limited and contradicting. Objective: Our objective was to assess adiponectin levels and the distribution of its different isoforms in AN patients before and after long-term refeeding, and to relate them to alterations in body mass index, leptin, insulin sensitivity, and additional endocrine parameters. Design, Setting, and Participants: We conducted a longitudinal controlled study of 38 female adolescent malnourished AN inpatients, with 13 young, lean, healthy women serving as controls. Blood samples were obtained upon admission and thereafter at 1, 3, and 5 months (at target weight). Main Outcome Measures: Changes in body mass index, leptin, adiponectin, insulin sensitivity, and adiponectin multimeric forms were measured. Results: At admission, leptin levels of AN patients were significantly lower, whereas insulin sensitivity (assessed by homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance), adiponectin levels, and the ratio of high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin to total adiponectin were significantly higher compared with controls. During weight recovery, leptin levels and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance increased significantly, whereas adiponectin and HMW adiponectin/total adiponectin ratio decreased significantly, to levels similar to controls. An initial increase in adiponectin levels was observed after 1 month of refeeding. There was no correlation between adiponectin and either T4 or cortisol levels. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates hyperadiponectinemia, increased adiponectin HMW isoform, and increased insulin sensitivity in adolescent AN female patients and reversal of these findings with weight rehabilitation. We hypothesize that increased adiponectin levels may have a protective role in maintaining energy homeostasis during extreme malnourishment.

scholarly journals Relation among Left Ventricular Mass, Insulin Resistance, and Blood Pressure in Nonobese Subjects1

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 4284-4288
Author(s):  
Robert A. Phillips ◽  
Lawrence R. Krakoff ◽  
Andrea Dunaif ◽  
Diane T. Finegood ◽  
Richard Gorlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Arterial Blood

Because left ventricular (LV) mass (LVM) is a powerful predictor of future cardiovascular events, it is important to identify hemodynamic and nonhemodynamic factors that increase LVM. We studied the separate contribution to LVM of daily arterial blood pressure (BP) and insulin resistance in a consecutive series of 29 (mean ± sd age, 43 ± 13 yr) nonobese (body mass index, 24 ± 1.8 kg/m2), nondiabetic, glucose-tolerant subjects with untreated borderline or mild hypertension. The insulin sensitivity index (SI) was quantitatively determined from the frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test. BP was characterized by ambulatory 24-h BP monitoring, and LVM index (LVMI) was determined by two-dimensional directed M-mode echocardiography. LVMI was directly related to 24-h mean BP (r = 0.47; P = 0.01). LMVI was also significantly related to SI (r = −0.43; P = 0.02). In this nonobese group, neither LVMI nor SI was related to body mass index or age. After adjustment for the influence of BP on LVMI, a significant relation remained between LVMI and SI (P < 0.05). We conclude that in nonobese subjects with high normal BP, insulin sensitivity is related to LVM independently of BP and may be an important modulator of LV growth. In addition to a reduction of arterial BP, optimal prevention of LV hypertrophy in hypertensives may require improved insulin sensitivity.

scholarly journals Insulin Resistance Is Unrelated to Circulating Retinol Binding Protein and Protein C Inhibitor

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 4306-4312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Promintzer ◽  
Michael Krebs ◽  
Jelena Todoric ◽  
Anton Luger ◽  
Martin Georg Bischof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Protein C Inhibitor ◽  
Active Antigen

Abstract Context: Recent data suggest that circulating retinol-binding protein (RBP) might be involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Moreover, protein C inhibitor (PCI), which specifically binds retinoic acid, was found to be increased in myocardial infarction survivors who are also insulin resistant. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the association of insulin resistance with RBP factors and PCI active antigen. Design and Setting: This was a clinical study. Patients: Nondiabetic humans with high (IS; n = 20, 14 females, six males, aged 47.2 ± 1.9 yr, body mass index 26 ± 1 kg/m2) and low (IR; n = 20, 14 females, six males, aged 45.5 ± 1.7 yr, body mass index 28 ± 1 kg/m2) insulin-stimulated glucose-disposal (M) participated in this study. Main Outcome Measures: M was measured by 2-h hyperinsulinemic (40 mU·min−1·m−2)-isoglycemic clamp tests. Measurements of RBP were performed using a nephelometric method and validated using quantitative Western blotting. Results: M (80–120 min) was higher in IS (10.9 ± 0.6 mg·min−1·kg−1) than IR (4.0 ± 0.2; P < 10−12). Fasting plasma RBP concentrations were comparable between IS and IR measured by both nephelometry (IS: 4.4 ± 0.3; IR: 4.6 ± 0.3 mg/dl, P = 0.6) and quantitative Western blot (IS 7.9 ± 0.5, IR 8.3 ± 0.6 mg/dl; P = 0.6). Fasting plasma PCI active antigen was similar in both groups. Plasma RBP and PCI were not significantly related to M. RBP was positively correlated with uric acid (r = 0.488, P = 0.003), triglycerides (r = 0.592, P < 0.001), prealbumin (r = 0.63, P < 0.0001), and vitamin A (r = 0.75, P < 10−6). Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that healthy, insulin-resistant humans do not show altered plasma retinol binding factors, such as RBP and PCI. Both do not significantly correlate with insulin sensitivity. Thus, our findings do not support the hypothesis of insulin sensitivity modulation by proteins involved in retinol transport.

scholarly journals The Effects of Reduction Mammaplasty on Serum Leptin Levels and Insulin Resistance

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hakan Uzun ◽  
Ozan Bitik ◽  
Yahya Baltu ◽  
Çiğdem Sönmez ◽  
Ayşegül Öztürk Kaymak
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Reduction Mammaplasty ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fatty Tissue ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Serum Leptin

Background.The reduction mammaplasty has been a well-executed and known procedure in which considerable amount of fatty tissue is removed from the body. The authors aimed to show the effects of the reduction mammaplasty on serum leptin levels and insulin resistance.Methods.42 obese female patients who had gigantomastia were operated on. We recorded patients’ demographic and preoperative data, including age, weight, height, and body mass index. Fasting serum leptin, glucose, and insulin levels were noted. Homeostasis model assessment scores were calculated. At the postoperative 8th week, patients were reevaluated in terms of above parameters assessing the presence of any difference.Results.Serum leptin levels were decreased postoperatively and the decrease was statistically significant. We were able to show a decrease in homeostasis model assessment score, which indicated an increase in insulin sensitivity, and this change was statistically significant. A significant correlation between body mass index and leptin change was found postoperatively.Conclusion.Reduction mammaplasty is not solely an aesthetic procedure but it decreases serum leptin levels and increases insulin sensitivity, which may help obese women to reduce their cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and its Relation to Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veena Thamban ◽  
Kavana G Venkatappa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
World Health ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Care Clinic

Introduction: Obesity mediates a systemic inflammatory response in our body which includes insulin resistance and glucose dysregulation. Increased Body Mass Index (BMI) associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) leads to a state of insulin resistance additive to insulin resistance of GDM. Aim: To assess the relationship between GDM and pre-pregnancy BMI. Materials and Methods: This case-control study enrolled 64 women with GDM and 64 without GDM, attending antenatal care clinic at a Tertiary Care Hospital, after obtaining their informed consent. Obstetric history, pre-pregnancy BMI and Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) values were noted. Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group in India (DIPSI) criterion was used for diagnosing GDM. The BMI was categorised according to World Health Organisation (WHO) criterion. Data obtained was statistically analysed. Results: Out of 44, 41 (93.2%) women with GDM had pre-pregnancy BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (overweight and obese) compared to 3 (6.8%) in controls (Χ2 value=50.01, p≤0.001). Mean±SD of pre-pregnancy BMI in women with GDM was significantly higher (26.38±2.74 kg/m2) compared to controls i.e., 22.26±1.54 kg/m2(unpaired t-test: p≤0.001). Conclusion: GDM was found to be significantly associated with pre-pregnancy BMI. Appropriate interventions and risk factor modifications are recommended to prevent GDM and its complications.

scholarly journals Association of Inflammation Markers with Impaired Insulin Sensitivity and Coagulative Activation in Obese Healthy Women

2003 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 5321-5326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Romano ◽  
Maria Teresa Guagnano ◽  
Giovanni Pacini ◽  
Sergio Vigneri ◽  
Angela Falco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Factor Viia ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity Index ◽  
Impaired Insulin ◽  
Tgf Β1 ◽  
Pai 1

Abstract Insulin resistance is associated with a low chronic inflammatory state. In this study we investigated the relationship between impaired insulin sensitivity and selected markers of inflammation and thrombin generation in obese healthy women. We examined 32 healthy obese women (body mass index ≥ 28), with normal insulin sensitivity (NIS, n = 14) or impaired insulin sensitivity (n = 18), and 10 nonobese women (body mass index < 25). Impaired insulin sensitivity patients had significantly higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), TGF-β1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), activated factor VII (VIIa), and prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F1 + 2) compared with either control subjects or NIS patients. On the other hand, NIS patients had higher CRP, TGF-β1, PAI-1, and factor VIIa, but not F1 + 2, levels than controls. Significant inverse correlations were observed between the insulin sensitivity index and TGF-β1, CRP, PAI-1, factor VIIa, and F1 + 2 levels. Moreover, significant direct correlations were noted between TGF-β1 and CRP, PAI-1, factor VIIa, and F1 + 2 concentrations. Finally, multiple regressions revealed that TGF-β1 and the insulin sensitivity index were independently related to F1 + 2. Our results are the first to document an in vivo relationship between insulin sensitivity and coagulative activation in obesity. The elevated TGF-β1 levels detected in the obese population may provide a biochemical link between insulin resistance and an increased risk for cardiovascular disease.

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