24-Frame and Multiple Frame-rate Post Systems and Equipment Design Considerations

In this paper, we propose a novel method for accurate optical flow estimation in real time for both high-speed and low-speed moving objects based on High-Frame-Rate (HFR) videos. We introduce a multiframe-straddling function to select several pairs of images with different frame intervals from an HFR image sequence even when the estimated optical flow is required to output at standard video rates (NTSC at 30 fps and PAL at 25 fps). The multiframestraddling function can remarkably improve the measurable range of velocities in optical flow estimation without heavy computation by adaptively selecting a small frame interval for high-speed objects and a large frame interval for low-speed objects. On the basis of the relationship between the frame intervals and the accuracies of the optical flows estimated by the Lucas–Kanade method, we devise a method to determine multiple frame intervals in optical flow estimation and select an optimal frame interval from these intervals according to the amplitude of the estimated optical flow. Our method was implemented using software on a high-speed vision platform, IDP Express. The estimated optical flows were accurately outputted at intervals of 40 ms in real time by using three pairs of 512×512 images; these images were selected by frame-straddling a 2000-fps video with intervals of 0.5, 1.5, and 5 ms. Several experiments were performed for high-speed movements to verify that our method can remarkably improve the measurable range of velocities in optical flow estimation, compared to optical flows estimated for 25-fps videos with the Lucas–Kanade method.

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Electroplating equipment design considerations for copper microvia filling

2009 4th International Microsystems, Packaging, Assembly and Circuits Technology Conference ◽

10.1109/impact.2009.5382313 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Mark Lefebvre ◽

Elie Najjar ◽

Luis Gomez ◽

Leon Barstad ◽

Bruce Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Equipment Design ◽

Design Considerations

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NEW MULTIPLE FRAME MOTION COMPENSATED INTERPOLATION ALGORITHM FOR FRAME RATE UP-CONVERSION

Journal of Circuits System and Computers ◽

10.1142/s0218126608004666 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 17 (05) ◽

pp. 835-844

Author(s):

ZHUO XUE ◽

KOK-KEONG LOO ◽

JOHN COSMAS ◽

PIK-YEE YIP

Keyword(s):

Hardware Implementation ◽

Frame Rate ◽

Perceptual Quality ◽

Interpolation Algorithm ◽

Frame Interpolation ◽

Multiple Frames ◽

Multiple Frame ◽

Frame Rate Up Conversion ◽

Frame Motion ◽

Multiple Reference

In this paper, a new frame rate up-conversion (FRC) using Backward Multiple Reference Frame Motion (BMRF) compensated interpolation (MCI) algorithm is proposed. The BMRF algorithm has been compared with two most common MCI methods, Temporal Linear (TLIN) and Bidirectional MCI (BID) used in FRC, in the aspect of PSNR, perceptual quality, and computational complexity. The simulation results clearly showed that BMRF presented a trade-off solution between computation and interpolation quality. By using simple weighted frame interpolation between multiple frames, it reduced computation rapidly while keeping similar interpolation quality when compared to the BID method. The simplicity of the BMRF algorithm made it suitable for either software or hardware implementation essential for real-time FRC applications.

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