Visual Fatigue in Three-Dimensional Subtitle Projections

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Garcia-Crespo ◽  
Fernando Paniagua-Martin ◽  
Ricardo Colomo-Palacios ◽  
Juan Miguel Gomez-Berbis
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Visual Fatigue

Three Dimensional Video Imaging for Endoscopic Sinus Surgery and Diagnosis

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Reino ◽  
William Lawson ◽  
Baxter J. Garcia ◽  
Robert J. Greenstein
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Image Distortion ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Visual Fatigue ◽  
Video Imaging ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Technological Advances

Technological advances in video imaging over the last decade have resulted in remarkable additions to the armamentarium of instrumentation for the otolaryngologist. The use of video cameras and computer generated imaging in the operating room and office is invaluable for documentation and teaching purposes. Despite the obvious advantages of these systems, problems are evident, the most serious of which include image distortion and inability to judge depth of field. For more than 6 decades 3D imaging has been neither technically nor commercially successful. Reasons include alignment difficulties and image distortion. The result is “visual fatigue,” usually in about 15 minutes. At its extreme, this may be characterized by headache, nausea, and even vomiting. In this study, we employed the first 3D video imager to electronically manipulate a single video source to produce 3D images; therefore, neither alignment nor image distortions were produced. Of interest to the clinical surgeon, “visual fatigue” does not seem to occur; however, with prolonged procedures (greater than 2 hours) there exists the potential for physical intolerance for some individuals. This is the first unit that is compatible with any rigid or flexible videoendoscopic system and the small diameter endoscopes available for endoscopic sinus surgery. Moreover, prerecorded 2D tapes may be viewed in 3D on an existing VCR. The 3D image seems to provide enhanced anatomic awareness with less image distortion. We have found this system to be optically superior to the 2D video imagers currently available.

Visual fatigue induced by accommodation convergence mismatch while viewing three-dimensional television

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norihiro Sugita ◽  
Tatsuya Yamaga ◽  
Makoto Yoshizawa ◽  
Makoto Abe ◽  
Akira Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Visual Fatigue

scholarly journals Objective User Visual Experience Evaluation When Working with Virtual Pixel-Based 3D System and Real Voxel-Based 3D System

Photonics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Karola Panke ◽  
Tatjana Pladere ◽  
Mara Velina ◽  
Aiga Svede ◽  
Gunta Krumina
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Depth Estimation ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Relative Depth ◽  
Visual Fatigue ◽  
Volumetric Images ◽  
Pupil Constriction ◽  
Near Work ◽  
3D Content

Volumetric display shows promising implications for healthcare related applications as an innovative technology that creates real three-dimensional (3D) image by illuminating points in three-dimensional space to generate volumetric images without image separation. We used eccentric photorefractometry to objectively study ocular performance in a practical environment by evaluating near work-induced refraction shift, accommodative microfluctuations, and pupil size for 38 young adults after viewing anaglyph, and volumetric 3D content for prolonged time. The results of our study demonstrate that participants who performed relative depth estimation task on volumetric 3D content were less likely to experience task-induced myopic refraction shift. For both 3D content types, we observed pupil constriction, that is possibly related to visual fatigue. For anaglyph 3D pupil constriction, onset was observed significantly sooner, compared to volumetric 3D. Overall, sustained work with 3D content, and small disparities or the fully eliminated possibility of accommodation-vergence conflict, not only minimizes near work-induced myopic shift, but also provide beneficial accommodation relaxation that was demonstrated in this study as hypermetropic shift for nearly half of participants.

Technology Study on the Different Cognitive Process of Stereopsis between Crossed and Uncrossed Fine Disparity

2014 ◽  
Vol 886 ◽  
pp. 374-377
Author(s):  
Yan Wu ◽  
Qi Li
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Human Visual System ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Visual Fatigue ◽  
Technology Study ◽  
Random Dot Stereograms ◽  
Display Technology ◽  
Made In

Considerable improvements in display technology were made in stereoscopic imaging and image quality rose with technical progress. But there was not enough effort on reducing visual fatigue. The study was to investigate one of the ways to reduce visual fatigue caused by three-dimensional images. Static random-dot stereograms (RDS) were used as stimuli. The performance of every subject was recorded with disparate disparities of 3.27', 6.54', 8.18', 11.45', 14.72', 17.99', 21.26', and 24.53'. Results showed that reaction times were always longer in the uncrossed disparities relative to the crossed disparities. For crossed disparities, human visual system was the most sensitive to the images with disparity of 6.54'. As to uncrossed disparities, human visual system was the most sensitive to the images with disparity of 8.18'.

scholarly journals Dynamic Visual Measurement of Driver Eye Movements

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Ze Yang ◽  
Huaxia Deng ◽  
Huan Yu ◽  
Mengchao Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Visual Fatigue ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Robust Algorithms ◽  
Visual Measurement ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Face ◽  
Image Acquisition System

Vibrations often cause visual fatigue for drivers, and measuring the relative motion between the driver and the display is important for evaluating this visual fatigue. This paper proposes a non-contact videometric measurement method for studying the three-dimensional trajectories of the driver’s eyes based on stereo vision. The feasibility of this method is demonstrated by dynamic calibration. A high-speed dual-camera image acquisition system is used to obtain high-definition images of the face, and the relative trajectories between the eyes and the display are obtained by a set of robust algorithms. The trajectories of the eyes in three-dimensional space are then reconstructed during the vehicle driving process. This new approach provides three-dimensional information and is effective for assessing how vibration affects human visual performance.

The orbit of Pluto over a long interval of time

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 227-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Orbit ◽  
Numerical Integration ◽  
Restricted Problem ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Third ◽  
Circular Restricted Problem ◽  
Resonance Relation

The paper presents a summary of the results obtained by C. J. Cohen and E. C. Hubbard, who established by numerical integration that a resonance relation exists between the orbits of Neptune and Pluto. The problem may be explored further by approximating the motion of Pluto by that of a particle with negligible mass in the three-dimensional (circular) restricted problem. The mass of Pluto and the eccentricity of Neptune's orbit are ignored in this approximation. Significant features of the problem appear to be the presence of two critical arguments and the possibility that the orbit may be related to a periodic orbit of the third kind.

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