scholarly journals History of household member with tuberculosis or related death in newly diagnosed patients in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
H. D. Shewade ◽  
V. Gupta ◽  
S. Satyanarayana ◽  
S. S. Chadha ◽  
S. Pandurangan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Household Member ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Household Transmission ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Potential Population

Among new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients aged 15 years from marginalised populations in India, one in four had a history of a household member with TB and one in 10 had a TB-related death in the household. This contribution of household transmission to overall TB transmission provides evidence for a potential population-level benefit of TB preventive treatment for all household contacts (without active TB). Females with TB had a significantly higher household TB exposure than males. Targeted TB preventive treatment (if implemented in a phased manner) among female household contacts may be explored after considering other factors.

scholarly journals How could preventive therapy affect the prevalence of drug resistance? Causes and consequences

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1670) ◽  
pp. 20140306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Kunkel ◽  
Caroline Colijn ◽  
Marc Lipsitch ◽  
Ted Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Potential Population ◽  
General Mathematical Model ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Various forms of preventive and prophylactic antimicrobial therapies have been proposed to combat HIV (e.g. pre-exposure prophylaxis), tuberculosis (e.g. isoniazid preventive therapy) and malaria (e.g. intermittent preventive treatment). However, the potential population-level effects of preventative therapy (PT) on the prevalence of drug resistance are not well understood. PT can directly affect the rate at which resistance is acquired among those receiving PT. It can also indirectly affect resistance by altering the rate at which resistance is acquired through treatment for active disease and by modifying the level of competition between transmission of drug-resistant and drug-sensitive pathogens. We propose a general mathematical model to explore the ways in which PT can affect the long-term prevalence of drug resistance. Depending on the relative contributions of these three mechanisms, we find that increasing the level of coverage of PT may result in increases, decreases or non-monotonic changes in the overall prevalence of drug resistance. These results demonstrate the complexity of the relationship between PT and drug resistance in the population. Care should be taken when predicting population-level changes in drug resistance from small pilot studies of PT or estimates based solely on its direct effects.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis (LTB) among Household Contacts of Newly Diagnosed Omani Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Singh ◽  
Lamiya Balushi ◽  
Nada Mahrazi ◽  
Esklid Peterson ◽  
Olivier Koole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Household Contacts

scholarly journals Prevalence of primary drug resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid in newly diagnosed sputum smear positive pulmonary Tuberculosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3532
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Jawahar Lal Joshi ◽  
Abdurazack Umathoor ◽  
Vishal Chopra ◽  
Komaldeep Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Primary Drug Resistance ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Probe Assay ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Primary Drug

Background: To determine the prevalence of primary drug resistance to either rifampicin or isoniazid alone or both in newly diagnosed sputum smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients.Method: A prospective study 100 newly diagnosed sputum smear positive pulmonary TB patients was conducted. The patients with an age of ≥15 years and who had either not taken anti TB treatment or who had taken ATT for less than 1 month were enrolled in this study. Two sputum samples (5ml each), including one early morning sample as per the RNTCP guidelines were collected and subjected to line probe assay (LPA).Results: Out of 100 cases 6 were having resistance to both rifampicin and isoniazid, 9 has resistance to INH alone and 1 had resistance to rifampicin alone.Conclusion: The prevalence of primary drug resistance is high. For early and rapid detection of DR-TB newer modality should be used  for the detection of primary drug resistance in sputum smear positive TB patients.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis preventive treatment should be considered for all household contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in India

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. e0236743
Author(s):  
Mandar Paradkar ◽  
Chandrasekaran Padmapriyadarsini ◽  
Divyashri Jain ◽  
Shri Vijay Bala Yogendra Shivakumar ◽  
Kannan Thiruvengadam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Household Contacts
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