scholarly journals Outcomes of antiretroviral therapy among younger versus older adolescents and adults in an urban clinic, Zimbabwe

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. J. Matyanga ◽  
K. C. Takarinda ◽  
P. Owiti ◽  
T. Mutasa-Apollo ◽  
O. Mugurungi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Older Adolescents ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Urban Clinic

scholarly journals Response to Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Patients Attending a Public, Urban Clinic in Kampala, Uganda

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Spacek ◽  
H. M. Shihab ◽  
M. R. Kamya ◽  
D. Mwesigire ◽  
A. Ronald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Urban Clinic

scholarly journals Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS) better Estimates the Protein Value of Pistachios than Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Marie Bailey ◽  
Arianna Carughi ◽  
Hans-Henrik Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acid ◽  
Older Adolescents ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Amino Acid Score

AbstractPistachios (Pistacia Vera) are nutrient-dense foods with a healthy nutritional profile that contains fiber, unsaturated fatty acids, essential nutrients, phytochemicals and protein. However, the nutritional quality of the protein has not been characterized to date. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) and Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS) for raw and roasted American pistachio nuts in growing pigs. The values for apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of crude protein (CP) and the standard ileal digestibility (SID) where calculated for these proteins. The CP content was greater for raw pistachios (27.1%) compared with roasted pistachios (25.1%). The amino acid (AA) in greatest concentrations for both types of pistachio were arginine followed by leucine. The AA in the lowest concentration were tryptophan followed by methionine. The AID of CP was greater (P < 0.05) for raw pistachios than for roasted pistachios, and the AID of most indispensable AA (IAA), except arginine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine, was greater (P < 0.05) for raw pistachios. The SID of CP was greater (P < 0.05) for raw than for roasted pistachios, and the SID of all IAA, except phenylalanine, was greater (P < 0.05) for raw than for roasted pistachios. The PDCAAS value calculated for both types of pistachios was based on the requirement for children from 2 to 5 years old (FAO, 1991), whereas the DIAAS value was calculated based on the requirement for children 3 years and older, adolescents, and adults (FAO, 2013). Both raw and roasted pistachios had a PDCAAS value of 75. In contrast, the DIAAS was numerically greater for raw pistachios than for roasted pistachios with values of 86 and 83, respectively. For PDCAAS, the first limiting AA in both raw and roasted pistachios when compared with the AA requirements for children 2 to 5 years was threonine. For DIAAS, lysine was the first limiting AA in both raw and roasted pistachios when compared with the AA requirements for children 3 years and older, adolescents, and adults. Based on the DIAAS cut-off values describing protein quality (FAO, 2013), raw pistachios and roasted pistachios can both be considered a ‘Good’ quality protein if consumed by children older than 3 year, adolescents, and adults.

scholarly journals HIV virological non-suppression and factors associated with non-suppression among adolescents and adults on antiretroviral therapy in northern Ethiopia: a retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Aregay Desta ◽  
Tewolde Wubayehu Woldearegay ◽  
Nesredin Futwi ◽  
Gebrecherkos Teame Gebrehiwot ◽  
Goyitom Gebremedhn Gebru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Art Adherence ◽  
Adherence Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Adherence Support ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

Abstract Background Despite the benefits of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), there is a growing concern of treatment failure. This study aimed to assess viral non suppression rate and factors associated with HIV viral non suppression among adolescents and adults on ART in Northern Ethiopia. Methods A retrospective cross sectional study was done on 19,525 study subjects. All the data in the database of Tigray Health Research Institute was exported to Microsoft excel 2010 and then data verification and filtration were done before exporting to STATA 14.0 for analysis. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) logistic regression was used for statistical modeling of viral non suppression. Results A total of 5153 (26.39%; 95%CI (25.77%, 27.02)) patients had no viral suppression despite being on ART. Being male (AOR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.37), 15–19 years of age (AOR = 4.86, 95%CI: 3.86, 6.12), patients from primary hospital (AOR = 1.26, 95%CI: 1.05, 1.52), WHO staging II (AOR = 1.31, 95%CI: 1.10, 1.54), poor ART adherence level (AOR = 2.56, 95%CI: 1.97, 3.33), fair ART adherence level (AOR = 1.61, 95%CI: 1.36, 1.90), baseline CD-4 count of < 200 cells/micro liter (AOR = 1.33, 95%CI: 1.14, 1.54), recent CD-4 count of < 200 cells/micro liter (AOR = 3.78, 95%CI: 3.34, 4.27), regimen types: 1c (AZT-3TC-NVP) (AOR = 1.32, 95%CI: 1.22, 1.44), 2 h (TDF-3TC-ATV/R) (AOR = 1.79, 95%CI: 1.27, 2.52) and declined immunological responses after ART initiation (AOR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.30, 1.61) were significantly associated with viral non-suppression. Conclusions The virological non suppression was high which makes it less likely to achieve the third 90 UNAIDS target. Being male, patients with WHO staging II and poor ART adherence level were significantly associated with viral non suppression. Therefore, intensive adherence support and counseling should be provided. It is also a high time to determine the antiretroviral drugs resistance pattern given the fact that a large number of patients had virological non suppression.

Incident tuberculosis in HIV-positive children, adolescents and adults on antiretroviral therapy in South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1040-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Brennan ◽  
R. Bonawitz ◽  
K. Schnippel ◽  
R. Berhanu ◽  
M. Maskew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

scholarly journals Fluoride exposure and duration and quality of sleep in a Canadian population-based sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmyn E. A. Cunningham ◽  
Hugh McCague ◽  
Ashley J. Malin ◽  
David Flora ◽  
Christine Till
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Fluoride Exposure ◽  
Older Adolescents ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Weighted Data ◽  
Water Fluoride

Abstract Background Fluoride from dietary and environmental sources may concentrate in calcium-containing regions of the body such as the pineal gland. The pineal gland synthesizes melatonin, a hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle. We examined associations between fluoride exposure and sleep outcomes among older adolescents and adults in Canada. Methods We used population-based data from Cycle 3 (2012–2013) of the Canadian Health Measures Survey. Participants were aged 16 to 79 years and 32% lived in communities supplied with fluoridated municipal water. Urinary fluoride concentrations were measured in spot samples and adjusted for specific gravity (UFSG; n = 1303) and water fluoride concentrations were measured in tap water samples among those who reported drinking tap water (n = 1016). We used multinomial and ordered logistic regression analyses (using both unweighted and survey-weighted data) to examine associations of fluoride exposure with self-reported sleep outcomes, including sleep duration, frequency of sleep problems, and daytime sleepiness. Covariates included age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, chronic health conditions, and household income. Results Median (IQR) UFSG concentration was 0.67 (0.63) mg/L. Median (IQR) water fluoride concentration was 0.58 (0.27) mg/L among participants living in communities supplied with fluoridated municipal water and 0.01 (0.06) mg/L among those living in non-fluoridated communities. A 0.5 mg/L higher water fluoride level was associated with 34% higher relative risk of reporting sleeping less than the recommended duration for age [unweighted: RRR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.73; p = .026]; the relative risk was higher, though less precise, using survey-weighted data [RRR = 1.96, 95% CI: 0.99, 3.87; p = .05]. UFSG was not significantly associated with sleep duration. Water fluoride and UFSG concentration were not significantly associated with frequency of sleep problems or daytime sleepiness. Conclusions Fluoride exposure may contribute to sleeping less than the recommended duration among older adolescents and adults in Canada.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document