scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhiza of Deschampsia cespitosa (Poaceae) at different soil depths in highly metal-contaminated site in southern Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Gucwa-Przepióra ◽  
Janusz Błaszkowski ◽  
Renata Kurtyka ◽  
Łukasz Małkowski ◽  
Eugeniusz Małkowski
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Root Cortex ◽  
Deschampsia Cespitosa ◽  
Glomus Tenue ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots ◽  
Fourth Species

This study presents root colonization of <em>Deschampsia cespitosa</em> growing in the immediate vicinity of a former Pb/Zn smelter by arbuscular mycorhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septated endophytes (DSE) at different soil depths. AMF spores and species distribution in soil profile were also assessed. Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) and DSE were found in <em>D. cespitosa</em> roots at all investigated soil levels. However, mycorrhizal colonization in topsoil was extremely low with sporadically occurring arbuscules. AM parameters: frequency of mycorrhization of root fragments (<em>F</em>%), intensity of root cortex colonization (<em>M</em>%), intensity of colonization within individual mycorrhizal roots (<em>m</em>%), and arbuscule abundance in the root system (<em>A</em>%) were markedly higher at 20–40, 40–60 cm soil levels and differed in a statistically significant manner from AM parameters from 0–10 and 10–20 cm layers. Mycorrhizal colonization was negatively correlated with bioavailable Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations. The number of AMF spores in topsoil was very low and increased with soil depth (20–40 and 40–60 cm). At the study area spores of three morphologically distinctive AMF species were found: <em>Archaeospora trappei</em>, <em>Funneliformis mosseae</em> and <em>Scutellospora dipurpurescens</em>. The fourth species <em>Glomus tenue</em> colonized roots of <em>D. cespitosa</em> and was observed in the root cortex at 20–40 and 40–60 soil depth, however, its spores were not found at the site.

scholarly journals The distribution and presence of versicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi in rhizosphere soil of Da Xanh pummelo in Ba Ria Vung Tau province

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Huong N. D. Thai
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi

The study was carried out to determine the distribution and presence of versicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) fungi in rhizosphere soil and roots of Da Xanh pummelo in Phu My town, Ba Ria Vung Tau province. The rhizosphere soil and root samples were collected from 6 - 7 years old pummelo of two main soil types, on two soil layers at depths of 0 - 20 cm and 20 - 40 cm, at 2/3 and the edge of canopy. The results showed that the presence of VAM spore density was higher in red basaltic soil (ferralsols) than black soil (luvisols), and common exist on the topsoil layer (0 - 20 cm) as well as the edge of canopy. Glomus and Acaulospora were two most abundant genera in survey areas, and the proportion of mycorrhizal spores ranged from 53.18 ± 2.59% to 58.54 ± 0.46 and from 23.68 ± 2.96% to 29.33 ± 0.64%, respectively. Increasing the soil depth negatively affected on spore density of VAM fungi. The VAM fungi composition aslo changed with soil depth. The percentage of root colonization by VAM fungi ranged from 56.20 ± 3.11% to 62.00 ± 3.37%, and the highest percentage of root colonization by VAM fungi was detected in red basaltic soil.

Effects of different P-sources in soil on increasing growth and mineral uptake of mycorrhizal Vitis vinifera L. (cv Victoria) vines

OENO One ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Nikolaou ◽  
N. Karagiannidis ◽  
Stefanos Koundouras ◽  
I. Fysarakis
Keyword(s):  
Root Colonization ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Aluminium Phosphate ◽  
Mineral Uptake ◽  
Grapevine Variety ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
P Sources

<p style="text-align: justify;">The effect of different P-sources on growth, leaf chemical composition, and fruit soluble solids and acid content was evaluated in mycorrhizal Victoria grapevine variety gralted onto the rootstocks 3309C or 11 OR. Mycorrhizal and non mycorrhizal plants were grown in 20 L pots containing 20 kg soil supplemented with different P-forms: (Calcium bis-dihydrogen-phosphate, tri-calcium phosphate, aluminium phosphate, iron (III) phosphate) with different solubility, equivalent to 90 kg P.ha<sup>-1</sup>. The percent of mycorrhizal root colonization was higher in insoluble P-form treatments compared to control or to soluble P-form treatment (CaDP), ranging from 66 to 84 % in treatments receiving insoluble P, from 36.67 to 38.33 % in control and from 25.33 to 27.33 % in soluble P-form treatments. The roots of 110R rootstock showed higher colonization rate compared to the 3309C. Mycorrhizal colonization increased both the pruning weight and number of nodes of the vines, up to 9 and 1.9 times respectively, according to the rootstock- P form combination. Mycorrhizal vines showed increased leaf concentrations in N, P, K, Ca. Fruit total soluble solids of mycorrhizal vines were about 30 % lower compared with those of the non mycorrhizal vines. Both factors, mycorrhizal colonization and P-forms had no significant effect in fruit titratable acidity.</p>

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal Colonization in Atriplex nummularia Lind. Subjected to Desalinizador Reject

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
C. F. De Melo ◽  
E. W. F. Gomes ◽  
A. S. Messias
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Atriplex Nummularia ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Complete Nutrient Solution

This work has the objective of evaluating the mycorrhizal colonization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus - AMF Claroideoglomus etunicatum in Atriplex nummularia Lind. subjected to desalinator reject. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the headquarters of Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco - IPA, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with the treatments constituted in a factorial scheme of five levels of salinity in AC= 2.86 mS/cm; T1= 11.54 mS/cm; T2= 12.04 mS/cm; T3= 13.13 mS/cm and T4= 14.16 mS/cm, associated with the presence and absence of fungus, presence and absence of nutrient solution, and autoclaved and non-autoclaved soil. 8.0 g of Hoagland & Arnon complete nutrient solution was added every fortnight. After five months, the roots of the treatments were collected and the root colonization was evaluated. It was found that in all treatments the association between Claroiodeoglomus etunicatum and Atriplex nummularia was beneficial. The correlation was positive for the treatment T4 (Reject + 14 gNaCl) + AMF. Thus, it was observed that salinity had no negative effect on the association as well as on the growth of the vegetable.

The Influence of Soil Depth on Mycorrhizal Colonization of Forbs in the Tallgrass Prairie

Mycologia ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Zajicek ◽  
B. A. Daniels Hetrick ◽  
C. E. Owensby
Keyword(s):  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization

scholarly journals Investigation of Indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Performance Using a Lotus japonicus Mycorrhizal Mutant

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
Taisuke Teranishi ◽  
Yoshihro Kobae
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots

Most plants are usually colonized with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) in the fields. AMF absorb mineral nutrients, especially phosphate, from the soil and transfer them to the host plants. Inoculation with exotic AMF is thought to be effective when indigenous AMF performance is low; however, there is no method for evaluating the performance of indigenous AMF. In this study, we developed a method to investigate the performance of indigenous AMF in promoting plant growth. As Lotus japonicus mutant (str) that are unable to form functional mycorrhizal roots were considered to be symbiosis negative for indigenous mycorrhizal performance, we examined the growth ratios of wild-type and str mycorrhizal mutant using 24 soils. Each soil had its own unique indigenous mycorrhizal performance, which was not directly related to the colonization level of indigenous AMF or soil phosphate level. The low indigenous mycorrhizal performance could not be compensated by the inoculation of exotic AMF. Importantly, indigenous mycorrhizal performance was never negative; however, the inoculation of exotic AMF into the same soil led to both positive and negative performances. These results suggest that indigenous mycorrhizal performance is affected by soil management history and is basically harmless to the plant.

Mycorrhizal relationship in lupines: a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Z. Shi ◽  
X. L. Zhang ◽  
S. X. Su ◽  
Z. J. Lan ◽  
K. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Function ◽  
Colonization Rates

Legume crops are widely cultivated with agronomical and economic significance. Majority of legume species are known to form mycorrhizal symbioses. However, plants in the genus Lupinus are generally considered as nonmycorrhizal. In this review, published researches with regards to mycorrhizal colonization and function in lupines were revisited. Research findings on mycorrhizal colonization (field or laboratory conditions) and functions (promotion in plant growth, nutrient uptake and metabolites) are summarized. These studies show that 35 out of 43 Lupinus species are colonized by mycorrhizal fungi although their root colonization rates are very low (>10%). The symbiotic status between mycorrhizal fungi and Lupinus species depend on lupine species, fungal taxa, and edaphic growth conditions. The functions of mycorrhizas on lupines exhibit more on physiology than the absorption of P. The responses of lupines to mycorrhizal fungi changed depending on mycorrhizal and Lupinus species and especially soil P concentrations. Based on current limited studies, conclusions on the nature of mycorrhizal relation in lupine could be compromised unless further studies with detailed field surveys and well-designed experiments are implemented.

scholarly journals Border Cells and Arbuscular Mycorrhizae in Four Amaranthaceae Species

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 1240-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Arriola ◽  
Brendan A. Niemira ◽  
Gene R. Safir
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Border Cells ◽  
Cell Production ◽  
Border Cell ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
The Family

Four species from the family Amaranthaceae were studied to determine border cell production and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization. It was found that border cells, also known as sloughed root cap cells, are produced by all plant species studied and increase with increasing root length until a maximum number is reached at a root length of 25 mm. However, the increase in border cells with increasing root length is not uniform between species. Arbuscular mycorrhizal root colonization was found in all the Amaranthaceae species, and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization was positively correlated with maximum border cell production.

Decline of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in long fallow disorder of field crops and its expression in phosphorus deficiency of sunflower

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 847 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Fallow Soil

Poor growth of crops after long fallows (> 12 months) in cracking clay soils of the northern areas of the Australian grain belt is known as 'long fallow disorder'. Various crop species, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], sudan grass [Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf], sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and maize (Zea mays L.), had less root colonization with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and plant weight after long fallows than after short fallows. An experiment was conducted with a phosphorus-deficient soil that had been either fallowed for 3 years or sequentially cropped to cotton, sorghum and sunflower. Cropped soil had more mycorrhizal propagules consisting of intact spores and colonized roots than long fallow soil. In the glasshouse, mycorrhizal colonization of sunflower (cv. Hysun 33) developed quickly in previously cropped soil to peak at 80% of root length at 72 days (flowering), but in long fallow soil it proceeded slowly, attaining 35% of root length at 72 days. Inoculation of long fallow soil with 20% w/w cropped soil resulted in extensive root colonization (89% at 72 days), eliminated P deficiency symptoms and more than doubled plant growth and final P uptake. Inoculation with similar soil treated with gamma radiation to kill propagules of mycorrhizal fungi had no effect on plant growth. Sunflower grew extremely poorly in irradiated soil with considerable leaf necrosis due to P deficiency. Reinoculation with cropped soil resulted In high levels of mycorrhizal colonization and good plant growth. It was concluded that long fallow disorder is caused by a decline in viable propagules of mycorrhizal fungi during fallowing, resulting in poor root colonization and symbiotic effectiveness of a subsequent crop. Fertilizing with phosphorus (50 mg P/kg soil) delayed the development of mycorrhizal colonization, but increased final lengths of colonized roots at 72 days. Zinc fertilizer (15 mg Zn/kg soil) slightly improved mycorrhizal colonization, and basal fertilizer (N, K, S, Ca) substantially improved colonization in long fallow soil inoculated with cropped soil.

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