Investigation of Indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Performance Using a Lotus japonicus Mycorrhizal Mutant

Taisuke Teranishi; Yoshihro Kobae

doi:10.3390/plants9050658

Investigation of Indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Performance Using a Lotus japonicus Mycorrhizal Mutant

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9050658 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 658

Author(s):

Taisuke Teranishi ◽

Yoshihro Kobae

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽

Host Plants ◽

Lotus Japonicus ◽

Soil Management ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Mineral Nutrients ◽

Wild Type ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Roots

Most plants are usually colonized with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) in the fields. AMF absorb mineral nutrients, especially phosphate, from the soil and transfer them to the host plants. Inoculation with exotic AMF is thought to be effective when indigenous AMF performance is low; however, there is no method for evaluating the performance of indigenous AMF. In this study, we developed a method to investigate the performance of indigenous AMF in promoting plant growth. As Lotus japonicus mutant (str) that are unable to form functional mycorrhizal roots were considered to be symbiosis negative for indigenous mycorrhizal performance, we examined the growth ratios of wild-type and str mycorrhizal mutant using 24 soils. Each soil had its own unique indigenous mycorrhizal performance, which was not directly related to the colonization level of indigenous AMF or soil phosphate level. The low indigenous mycorrhizal performance could not be compensated by the inoculation of exotic AMF. Importantly, indigenous mycorrhizal performance was never negative; however, the inoculation of exotic AMF into the same soil led to both positive and negative performances. These results suggest that indigenous mycorrhizal performance is affected by soil management history and is basically harmless to the plant.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of NENA, a Lotus japonicus homolog of Sec13, is required for rhizodermal infection by arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi and rhizobia but dispensable for cortical endosymbiotic development.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.5519961.5491056 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Giles Oldroyd ◽

Emma Granqvist

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽

Lotus Japonicus ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi

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A Meta-Analytical Approach on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation Efficiency on Plant Growth and Nutrient Uptake

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10090370 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 370

Author(s):

Murugesan Chandrasekaran

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Host Plants ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Mycorrhizal Plants

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate symbionts of higher plants which increase the growth and nutrient uptake of host plants. The primary objective was initiated based on analyzing the enormity of optimal effects upon AMF inoculation in a comparative bias between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants stipulated on plant biomass and nutrient uptake. Consequently, in accomplishing the above-mentioned objective a vast literature was collected, analyzed, and evaluated to establish a weighted meta-analysis irrespective of AMF species, plant species, family and functional group, and experimental conditions in the context of beneficial effects of AMF. I found a significant increase in the shoot, root, and total biomass by 36.3%, 28.5%, and, 29.7%, respectively. Moreover, mycorrhizal plants significantly increased phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium uptake by 36.3%, 22.1%, and 18.5%, respectively. Affirmatively upon cross-verification studies, plant growth parameters intensification was accredited to AMF (Rhizophagus fasciculatus followed by Funniliforme mosseae), plants (Triticum aestivum followed by Solanum lycopersicum), and plant functional groups (dicot, herbs, and perennial) were the additional vital important significant predictor variables of plant growth responses. Therefore, the meta-analysis concluded that the emancipated prominent root characteristics, increased morphological traits that eventually help the host plants for efficient phosphorus uptake, thereby enhancing plant biomass. The present analysis can be rationalized for any plant stress and assessment of any microbial agent that contributes to plant growth promotion.

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NENA, a Lotus japonicus Homolog of Sec13, Is Required for Rhizodermal Infection by Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi and Rhizobia but Dispensable for Cortical Endosymbiotic Development

The Plant Cell ◽

10.1105/tpc.109.069807 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 2509-2526 ◽

Cited By ~ 134

Author(s):

Martin Groth ◽

Naoya Takeda ◽

Jillian Perry ◽

Hisaki Uchida ◽

Stephan Dräxl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽

Lotus Japonicus ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi

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The Growth improvement of Falcataria moluccana inoculated with MycoSilvi grown in post-mining silica sand soil medium amended with soil ameliorants

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210149 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Budi Sri Wilarso ◽

CAHYO WIBOWO ◽

ANDI SUKENDRO ◽

HABIB SATRIO BEKTI

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Mining Area ◽

Silica Sand ◽

Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽

Sand Soil ◽

Soil Medium ◽

Soil Media ◽

Mycorrhizal Roots

Abstract. Budi SW, Wibowo C, Sukendro A, Bekti HS. 2020. Growth improvement of Falcataria moluccana inoculated with MycoSilvi grown in post-mining silica sand soil medium amended with soil ameliorants. Biodiversitas 21: 422-427. High aluminum content in soil of post-mining silica sand area inhibits plant growth. MycoSilvi is an inoculum of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (FMA) enriched with Mycorrhizal Helper Bacteria (MHBs) which plays an important role for improving plant growth in unfertile soil medium. The aims of this research were to analyze the growth response of Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & JW Grimes) seedlings treated with MycoSilvi and soil ameliorants (compost and lime) in post-mining silica sand soil medium. The randomized complete design with factorial scheme was used in this study. The results showed that the interactions of MycoSilvi and Soil ameliorant significantly increased height, diameter, biomass and mycorrhizal colonization of F. moluccana. Combination of MycoSilvi variant 3 and lime increased height, diameter, and biomass of F. moluccana by 965%, 147%, and 1427% respectively, as compared to those of control plants. The mycorrhizal roots colonization in those treatments was 98%. The addition of compost and lime increased pH and decreased Aluminum and Fe of the soil medium. F. moluccana seedlings have high mycorrhizal dependency on post-mining silica sand soil media. These results indicate prospective uses of MycoSilvi and soil ameliorants for improving plant growth in unfertile soil medium, including soil in post-mining area.

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EFFECT OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA ON THE UPTAKE OF NUTRIENTS AND PLANT TOLERANCE TO UNFAVORABLE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

Agriciltural microbiology ◽

10.35868/1997-3004.12.7-26 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 7-26

Author(s):

Zh.z. Guralchuk

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽

Salinity Tolerance ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Mineral Nutrients ◽

Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽

Plant Tolerance ◽

Nutrients Uptake ◽

Modern Information ◽

Uptake Of Nutrients

The modern information concerning the importance of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in phosphorus and other mineral nutrients uptake by plants both under optimal and stress conditions (drought and salinity) is presented. The influence of mycorrhiza on drought and salinity tolerance of plants are discussed.

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Evaluation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Capacity to Alleviate Abiotic Stress of Olive (Olea europaeaL.) Plants at Different Transplant Conditions

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/378950 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

María Josefina Bompadre ◽

Mariana Pérgola ◽

Laura Fernández Bidondo ◽

Roxana Paula Colombo ◽

Vanesa Analía Silvani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Host Plants ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Symbiotic Association ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Adverse Conditions ◽

Adaptive Mechanisms

The capacity of roots to sense soil physicochemical parameters plays an essential role in maintaining plant nutritional and developmental functions under abiotic stress. These conditions generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant tissues causing oxidation of proteins and lipids among others. Some plants have developed adaptive mechanisms to counteract such adverse conditions such as symbiotic association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). AMF enhance plant growth and improve transplant survival by protecting host plants against environmental stresses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the alleviation of transplanting stress by two strains ofRhizophagus irregularis(GC2 and GA5) in olive. Our results show that olive plants have an additional energetic expense in growth due to an adaptative response to the growing stage and to the mycorrhizal colonization at the first transplant. However, at the second transplant the coinoculation improves olive plant growth and protects against oxidative stress followed by the GA5-inoculation. In conclusion, a combination of two AMF strains at the beginning of olive propagation produces vigorous plants successfully protected in field cultivation even with an additional cost at the beginning of growth.

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Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhance Resistance to Herbivores in Tomato Plants with Reduced Jasmonic Acid Production

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9030131 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 131 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ludovico Formenti ◽

Sergio Rasmann

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Jasmonic Acid ◽

Plant Resistance ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Am Fungi ◽

Wild Type ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽

Fungal Inoculation

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi favor plant growth by improving nutrient acquisition, but also by increasing their resistance against abiotic and biotic stressors, including herbivory. Mechanisms of AM fungal mediated increased resistance include a direct effect of AM fungi on plant vigor, but also a manipulation of the hormonal cascades, such as the systemic activation of jasmonic acid (JA) dependent defenses. However, how AM fungal inoculation and variation in the endogenous JA production interact to produce increased resistance against insect herbivores remains to be further elucidated. To address this question, three genotypes of Solanum lycopersicum L., a JA-biosynthesis deficient mutant, a JA over-accumulating mutant, and their wild-type were either inoculated with AM fungi or left un-inoculated. Plant growth-related traits and resistance against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) caterpillars, a major crop pest, were measured. Overall, we found that deficiency in JA production reduced plant development and were the least resistant against S. littoralis. Moreover, AM fungi increased plant resistance against S. littoralis, but such beneficial effect was more pronounced in JA-deficient plant than on JA over-accumulating plants. These results highlight that AM fungi-driven increased plant resistance is negatively affected by the ability of plants to produce JA and that AM fungi complement JA-mediated endogenous plant defenses in this system.

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Plants export 2-monopalmitin and supply both fatty acyl and glyceryl moieties to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

10.1101/2021.01.19.427311 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Leonie H Luginbuehl ◽

Harrie van Erp ◽

Henry Cheeld ◽

Kirankumar S Mysore ◽

Jiangqi Wen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Host Plants ◽

Acyl Carrier Protein ◽

Ectopic Expression ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Fatty Acyl ◽

Storage Lipids ◽

Atp Binding Cassette Transporter ◽

Mycorrhizal Roots

ABSTRACTArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) rely on their host plants to provide them with fatty acids (FA), but the precise form(s) in which they are supplied is still unclear. Here we show that ectopic expression of the transcription factor REQUIRED FOR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZATION 1 (RAM1) can drive secretion of 2-monoacylglycerols (2MGs) from Medicago truncatula roots and that their main FA moiety is palmitic acid, although myristic acid and stearic acid were also detected. RAM1-dependent 2MG secretion requires the acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase FATM, the glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) acyltransferase RAM2 and the ATP binding cassette transporter STR. Furthermore, 14C glycerol labelling experiments using mycorrhizal M. truncatula roots that are deficient in glycerol kinase, FAD-dependent G3P dehydrogenase and the G3P acyltransferase RAM2 suggest that most of the glyceryl moieties in Rhizophagus irregularis storage lipids are provided by their host plant through the 2MG pathway. Taken together, our data support the hypothesis that the plant exports 2MGs across the peri-arbuscular membrane in mycorrhizal roots and that the AMF receive and utilise both the FA and glyceryl moieties to make their storage lipids.

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Conservation and diversity in transcriptional responses among host plants forming distinct arbuscular mycorrhizal morphotypes

10.1101/2021.06.07.447186 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Takaya Tominaga ◽

Chihiro Miura ◽

Yuuka Sumigawa ◽

Yukine Hirose ◽

Katsushi Yamaguchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Plants ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Lotus Japonicus ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Fungal Colonization ◽

Intermediate Type ◽

Transcriptional Responses ◽

Eustoma Grandiflorum ◽

Signal Molecule ◽

Am Symbiosis

The morphotype of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) roots is distinct mostly depending on AM host species: Arum, Paris, and Intermediate types. We previously reported that gibberellin (GA) promotes the establishment of Paris-type AM symbiosis in Eustoma grandiflorum despite its negative effects on Arum-type AM symbiosis in model plants. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the differential effects of GA on different morphotypes, including Intermediate-type AM symbiosis, remain elusive. Comparative transcriptomics revealed that several symbiosis-related genes were transcriptionally promoted upon AM fungal colonization in Lotus japonicus (Arum-type), Daucus carota (Intermediate-type), and E. grandiflorum (Paris-type). Interestingly, upon GA treatment, the fungal colonization levels and expression of symbiosis-related genes were suppressed in L. japonicus and D. carota but were promoted in E. grandiflorum. Exogenous GA transcriptionally inhibited the biosynthetic process of a host-derived signal molecule involved in AM symbiosis, strigolactone, in L. japonicus and E. grandiflorum. Additionally, disaccharides mainly metabolized in AM roots would be different between L. japonicus and D. carota/ E. grandiflorum. This study uncovered the conserved transcriptional responses during mycorrhization and diverse responses to GA in AM roots with distinct morphotypes among phylogenetically distant host plants.

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