scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) associated with roots of Ammophila arenaria growing in maritime dunes of Bornholm (Denmark)

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Błaszkowski ◽  
Beata Czerniawska
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Ammophila Arenaria ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Pot Culture

155 rhizosphere soil and root mixtures were collected from under <em>Ammophila arenaria </em>colonizing maritime dunes of the island Bornholm (Denmark) to determine arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the phylum Glomeromycota co-existing with this plant. In the laboratory, each mixture was divided into two parts. One part was used to establish a pot culture with <em>Plantago lanceolata</em> as the host plant to initiate sporulation of fungi that had not produced spores in field conditions. In the second part, the numerical and species composition of the spore populations of AMF sporulating in the field was determined. Spores of AMF were found in 70 field-collected samples and 134 trap cultures. They represented 26 species and six undescribed morphotypes in six genera of the Glomeromycota. Of them, 20 species and three morphotypes in five genera occurred in the field, and 16 species and three morphotypes in five genera were found in trap cultures. The fungi most frequently revealed were members of the genus <em>Glomus</em>; a total of 17 species and six morphotypes of this genus were recognized. Considering the occurrence of spores in both field samples and trap cultures, the fungi most frequently co-occurring with roots of <em>A. arenaria </em>growing in the dunes of Bornholm were <em>G. irregulare </em>(present in 73.6% of samples), followed by <em>Scutellospora dipurpurescens </em>(19.4%) and <em>Archaeospora trappei </em>(10.3%). However, <em>Glomus irregulare </em>mainly sporulated in trap cultures; spores of this fungus were found in only 0.6% of field samples. Other relatively frequently found species were <em>G. aggregatum </em>(9.0%), <em>G. eburneum </em>(7.1%), <em>Paraglomus laccatum </em>(5.2%), and <em>S. armeniaca </em>(6.5%). The species most abundantly sporulating in the field were <em>G. aggregatum </em>(produced 28.36% of all spores isolated), <em>G. badium</em> (11.00%), and <em>S. dipurpurescens </em>(21.55%).

scholarly journals The occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota in Israeli soils

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Błaszkowski ◽  
Beata Czerniawska
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Continuous Cultivation ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Ammophila Arenaria ◽  
Plant Host

In December 1997 and June-July 2000, 49 and 113 rhizosphere soil and root mixtures were collected, respectively, to determine the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the phylum Glomeromycota in different sites of Israel. Except for five samples taken from under cultivated plants, all the others came from under <em>Ammophila arenaria</em> and <em>Oenothera drummondii</em> colonizing sand dunes adjacent to the Mediterranean Sea. After a continuous cultivation of the mixtures in pot trap cultures with <em>Plantago lanceolata</em> as the plant host up to 2006 and their examination at least twice a year, spores of AMF were found in 41 and 103 cultures with the 1997 and 2000 soil and root mixtures, respectively. The spores represented 30 species and 8 undescribed morphotypes in 7 genera of the <em>Glomeromycota</em>. The AMF most frequently found in Israeli soils were <em>Glomus aurantium</em> and <em>G. constrictum</em>, followed by <em>G. coronatum</em>, <em>G. gibbosum</em>, an undescribed <em>Glomus</em> 178, and <em>Scutellospora dipurpurescens</em>. Up to 2001, 21 species of AMF were known to occur in Israel, and this paper increases this number to 33, of which 11 are new fungi for this country. Moreover, four species, <em>G. aurantium</em>, <em>G. drummondii</em>, <em>G. walkeri</em> and <em>G. xanthium</em>, were recently described as new for science based on spores isolated from Israeli soils. Additionally, the general distribution in the world of the formally described species found in Israel was presented.

scholarly journals Glomus claroideum and G. spurcum, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) new for Poland and Europe, respectively

2011 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Błaszkowski ◽  
Iwona Adamska ◽  
Beata Czerniawska
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Ontogenetic Development ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Extraradical Hyphae ◽  
The World

The ontogenetic development and morphological properties of spores of two species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) of the genus <em>Glomus</em>, <em>G. claroideum </em>and <em>G. spurcum</em>, are described and illustrated. Spores of the two species were not earlier found in Poland, and this paper is the first report of the occurrence of <em>G. spurcum </em>in Europe. In one-species pot cultures with <em>Plantago lanceolata </em>as the host plant, the mycorrhizae of <em>G. claroideum </em>consist of arbuscules, vesicles, as well as intra- and extraradical hyphae staining intensively with trypan blue. <em>Glomus spurcum </em>mycorrhizae were not recognized, because many attempts to establish one-species cultures of this fungus failed. Additionally, the distribution of both the fungi in the world is presented.

Evaluation of commercial composts and potting mixes and their ability to support arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with maize (Zea mays) as host plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 187-196
Author(s):  
M.J. Salomon ◽  
S.J. Watts-Williams ◽  
M.J. McLaughlin ◽  
C.J. Brien ◽  
N. Jewell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal

Grazing intensity rather than host plant’s palatability shape the community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a steppe grassland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maede Faghihinia ◽  
Yi Zou ◽  
Yongfei Bai ◽  
Martin Dudáš ◽  
Rob Marrs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Steppe Grassland

Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the predominant type of mycorrhizal fungi in roots and rhizosphere soil of grass species worldwide. Grasslands are currently experiencing increasing grazing pressure, but it is not yet clear how grazing intensity and host plant grazing preference by large herbivores interact with soil- and root-associated AMF communities. Here, we tested whether the diversity and community composition of AMF in the roots and rhizosphere soil of two dominant perennial grasses grazed differently by livestock change in response to grazing intensity. We conducted a study in a long-term field experiment in which seven levels of field-manipulated grazing intensities were maintained for 13 years in a typical steppe grassland in northern China. We extracted DNA from the roots and rhizosphere soil of two dominant grasses, Leymus chinense (Trin.) Tzvel. and Stipa grandis P. Smirn, with contrasting grazing preference by sheep. AMF DNA from root and soil samples were then subjected to molecular analysis. Our results showed that AMF α-diversity (richness) at the virtual taxa (VT) level varied as a function of grazing intensity. Different VTs showed completely different responses along the gradient, one increasing, one decreasing and others showing no response. Glomeraceae was the most abundant AMF family along the grazing gradient, which fits well with the theory of disturbance tolerance of this group. In addition, sheep grazing preference for host plants did not explain a considerable variation in AMF α-diversity. However, the two grass species exhibited different community composition in their roots and rhizosphere soils. Roots exhibited a lower α-diversity and higher β-diversity within the AMF community than soils. Overall, our results suggest that long-term grazing intensity might have changed the abundance of functionally-diverse AMF taxa in favor of those with disturbance-tolerant traits. We suggest our results would be useful in informing the choice of mycorrhizal fungi indicator variables when assessing the impacts of grassland management choices on grassland ecosystem functioning.

scholarly journals Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Root Growth and Architecture of Tulip Gesneriana

Land Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p60
Author(s):  
Hongna Mu ◽  
Lei Fan ◽  
Shaohua Zhu ◽  
Taoze Sun
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Host Root ◽  
Ecological Values

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) can promote the absorption of soil water and mineral nutrients, improve photosynthesis, and make host attain higher quality finally by establishing symbiotic relationship between AMF and host root. To improve Tulip gesneriana quality have practical meaning under no bad affect to cultivation soil, in the light of its economical and ecological values. However, some AMF may be diverse from others, the concrete function of AMF on commercial tulip varieties need to explore. Therefore, three different sets of  arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were inoculated into tulip rhizosphere soil, which were set as 4(Diversispora versiformis), 7(Diversispora spurca) and 1 + 3 + 4 (Rhizophagus intraradias + Funneliformis mosseae + Diversispora versiformis), respectively. The results showed that the activity of most of the measured indices increased, the average root diameter and sucrose content decreased in those three mycorrhizal treatments. Our research provide some theoretical basis for the application of AMF on T.gesneriana ecological cultivation in future.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) of the Vistula Bar

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Błaszkowski ◽  
Iwona Adamska ◽  
Beata Czerniawska
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Soil Mixtures ◽  
Plant Families

The occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the, phylum <i>Glomeromycota</i> associated with plants of maritime sand dunes of the Vistula Bar localed in north-eastern Poland was investigated. The presence of AMF was revealed based on spores isolated from field-collected root-rhizosphere soil mixtures and two-cycle pot trap cultures established with parts of these mixtures. The mixtures came from under five species in four plant families. Spores of AMF occurred in 54.8% of the field samples and belonged to eight species. Additionally, culturing of root-soil mixtures in trap cultures revealed nine species and three undescribed morphotypes carlier not found in the field samples. Considering the number of records of species and morphotypes in the field samples and trap cultures, the fungal species most frequently occurring in dunes of the Vistula Bar is <i>Scutellospora dipurpurescens</i>, followed by <i>Archaeospora trappei, Glomus laccatum</i>, and <i>Scu. armeniaca</i>. The overall average spore abundance in the field samples is low (4.48, range O-3l in 100g dry soil). The ovcrall average species richness determined based on spores from both the field and trap cultures was 2 l and ranged from 0 lo 7 in 100g dry soil. The plant harbouring the highest number of species of AMF was <i>Festuca rubra</i>. Of the maritime dune sites of Poland examined to date, the species composition of AMF of the Vistula Bar is most similar to that of the Słowiński National Park. When the comparisons included 15 maritime dune areas located outside Poland, the highest similarity occurred in the Vistula Bar/Canada comparison.

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