scholarly journals The occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota in Israeli soils

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Błaszkowski ◽  
Beata Czerniawska
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Continuous Cultivation ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Ammophila Arenaria ◽  
Plant Host

In December 1997 and June-July 2000, 49 and 113 rhizosphere soil and root mixtures were collected, respectively, to determine the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the phylum Glomeromycota in different sites of Israel. Except for five samples taken from under cultivated plants, all the others came from under <em>Ammophila arenaria</em> and <em>Oenothera drummondii</em> colonizing sand dunes adjacent to the Mediterranean Sea. After a continuous cultivation of the mixtures in pot trap cultures with <em>Plantago lanceolata</em> as the plant host up to 2006 and their examination at least twice a year, spores of AMF were found in 41 and 103 cultures with the 1997 and 2000 soil and root mixtures, respectively. The spores represented 30 species and 8 undescribed morphotypes in 7 genera of the <em>Glomeromycota</em>. The AMF most frequently found in Israeli soils were <em>Glomus aurantium</em> and <em>G. constrictum</em>, followed by <em>G. coronatum</em>, <em>G. gibbosum</em>, an undescribed <em>Glomus</em> 178, and <em>Scutellospora dipurpurescens</em>. Up to 2001, 21 species of AMF were known to occur in Israel, and this paper increases this number to 33, of which 11 are new fungi for this country. Moreover, four species, <em>G. aurantium</em>, <em>G. drummondii</em>, <em>G. walkeri</em> and <em>G. xanthium</em>, were recently described as new for science based on spores isolated from Israeli soils. Additionally, the general distribution in the world of the formally described species found in Israel was presented.

Glomus achrumandG. bistratum,two new species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) found in maritime sand dunes

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Błaszkowski ◽  
Przemysław Ryszka ◽  
Fritz Oehl ◽  
Sally Koegel ◽  
Andres Wiemken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Ammophila Arenaria ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

Two new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species, Glomus achrum sp. nov. and Glomus bistratum sp. nov. (Glomeromycota), are described and illustrated. Both species produce small, hyaline spores in aggregates formed in the soil and inside roots. Glomus achrum was associated with roots of Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link colonizing maritime dunes of the Vistula Bar in northern Poland, and G. bistratum occurred among vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza of Xanthium cf. spinosum growing in dunes of the Mediterranean Sea adjacent to Veriko, Greece. Spores of G. achrum are globose to subglobose, (25–)43(–55) µm in diameter, rarely egg-shaped, oblong to irregular, 15–45 µm × 55–65 µm. Their wall consists of three hyaline layers: a mucilaginous, short-lived outermost layer; a laminate middle layer composed of loose sublayers; and a flexible innermost layer. The outermost and the innermost layers stain deeply red in Melzer’s reagent. Spores of G. bistratum are globose to subglobose, (20–)29(–50) µm in diameter, and have a wall composed of two permanent, hyaline layers. The outer layer is unit, smooth, and the inner one laminate. Only the inner layer stains yellow in Melzer’s reagent. Both species formed vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza in single-species cultures with Plantago lanceolata  L. as the host plant. Phylogenetic analyses of partial 18S rDNA subunit and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequences placed G. achrum and G. bistratum into Glomus group A, but did not reveal any closely related described species. Environmental sequences from the public databases suggested that G. achrum occurred in at least two other plant species from geographically distant regions. No such evidence could be obtained for G. bistratum, which is currently known only from the type location.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) associated with roots of Ammophila arenaria growing in maritime dunes of Bornholm (Denmark)

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Błaszkowski ◽  
Beata Czerniawska
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Ammophila Arenaria ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Pot Culture

155 rhizosphere soil and root mixtures were collected from under <em>Ammophila arenaria </em>colonizing maritime dunes of the island Bornholm (Denmark) to determine arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the phylum Glomeromycota co-existing with this plant. In the laboratory, each mixture was divided into two parts. One part was used to establish a pot culture with <em>Plantago lanceolata</em> as the host plant to initiate sporulation of fungi that had not produced spores in field conditions. In the second part, the numerical and species composition of the spore populations of AMF sporulating in the field was determined. Spores of AMF were found in 70 field-collected samples and 134 trap cultures. They represented 26 species and six undescribed morphotypes in six genera of the Glomeromycota. Of them, 20 species and three morphotypes in five genera occurred in the field, and 16 species and three morphotypes in five genera were found in trap cultures. The fungi most frequently revealed were members of the genus <em>Glomus</em>; a total of 17 species and six morphotypes of this genus were recognized. Considering the occurrence of spores in both field samples and trap cultures, the fungi most frequently co-occurring with roots of <em>A. arenaria </em>growing in the dunes of Bornholm were <em>G. irregulare </em>(present in 73.6% of samples), followed by <em>Scutellospora dipurpurescens </em>(19.4%) and <em>Archaeospora trappei </em>(10.3%). However, <em>Glomus irregulare </em>mainly sporulated in trap cultures; spores of this fungus were found in only 0.6% of field samples. Other relatively frequently found species were <em>G. aggregatum </em>(9.0%), <em>G. eburneum </em>(7.1%), <em>Paraglomus laccatum </em>(5.2%), and <em>S. armeniaca </em>(6.5%). The species most abundantly sporulating in the field were <em>G. aggregatum </em>(produced 28.36% of all spores isolated), <em>G. badium</em> (11.00%), and <em>S. dipurpurescens </em>(21.55%).

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) of the Vistula Bar

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Błaszkowski ◽  
Iwona Adamska ◽  
Beata Czerniawska
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Soil Mixtures ◽  
Plant Families

The occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the, phylum <i>Glomeromycota</i> associated with plants of maritime sand dunes of the Vistula Bar localed in north-eastern Poland was investigated. The presence of AMF was revealed based on spores isolated from field-collected root-rhizosphere soil mixtures and two-cycle pot trap cultures established with parts of these mixtures. The mixtures came from under five species in four plant families. Spores of AMF occurred in 54.8% of the field samples and belonged to eight species. Additionally, culturing of root-soil mixtures in trap cultures revealed nine species and three undescribed morphotypes carlier not found in the field samples. Considering the number of records of species and morphotypes in the field samples and trap cultures, the fungal species most frequently occurring in dunes of the Vistula Bar is <i>Scutellospora dipurpurescens</i>, followed by <i>Archaeospora trappei, Glomus laccatum</i>, and <i>Scu. armeniaca</i>. The overall average spore abundance in the field samples is low (4.48, range O-3l in 100g dry soil). The ovcrall average species richness determined based on spores from both the field and trap cultures was 2 l and ranged from 0 lo 7 in 100g dry soil. The plant harbouring the highest number of species of AMF was <i>Festuca rubra</i>. Of the maritime dune sites of Poland examined to date, the species composition of AMF of the Vistula Bar is most similar to that of the Słowiński National Park. When the comparisons included 15 maritime dune areas located outside Poland, the highest similarity occurred in the Vistula Bar/Canada comparison.

scholarly journals Bacteria Associated with Spores of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Glomus geosporum and Glomus constrictum

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 6673-6679 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Roesti ◽  
Kurt Ineichen ◽  
Olivier Braissant ◽  
Dirk Redecker ◽  
Andres Wiemken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Wall Layer ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Glomus Geosporum

ABSTRACT Spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus geosporum and Glomus constrictum were harvested from single-spore-derived pot cultures with either Plantago lanceolata or Hieracium pilosella as host plants. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that the bacterial communities associated with the spores depended more on AMF than host plant identity. The composition of the bacterial populations linked to the spores could be predominantly influenced by a specific spore wall composition or AMF exudate rather than by specific root exudates. The majority of the bacterial sequences that were common to both G. geosporum and G. constrictum spores were affiliated with taxonomic groups known to degrade biopolymers (Cellvibrio, Chondromyces, Flexibacter, Lysobacter, and Pseudomonas). Scanning electron microscopy of G. geosporum spores revealed that these bacteria are possibly feeding on the outer hyaline spore layer. The process of maturation and eventual germination of AMF spores might then benefit from the activity of the surface microorganisms degrading the outer hyaline wall layer.

Plant carbon limitation does not reduce nitrogen transfer from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to Plantago lanceolata

2015 ◽  
Vol 396 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 369-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyang Zhang ◽  
Waldemar Ziegler ◽  
Xingguo Han ◽  
Susan Trumbore ◽  
Henrik Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Nitrogen Transfer ◽  
Carbon Limitation
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